Carp chemical sensing and the potential of natural environmental attractants for control of carp: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Elkins ◽  
Russell Barrow ◽  
Simone Rochfort
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Control And Eradication

Environmental context. Carp are responsible for causing significant damage to lakes and rivers resulting in highly turbid water impacting native fish. At present there are no effective ways to manage the damage caused by carp or eradicate them, but the efficiency of carp removal from our waterways can be enhanced by the development of naturally occurring environmental attractants. As part of a broader pest management scheme the implementation of these attractants can significantly enhance the effectiveness of eradication programs and lead to the restoration of our waterways. Abstract. Cyprinus carpio, a species of carp commonly known as European or common carp, are invasive alien species in Australian inland waters and have an extensive impact on biodiversity and the aquatic environment. The control and eradication of carp is a major focus of fisheries services throughout Australia, but at present there is no wholly successful way to limit the damage caused. An integrated pest management scheme (IPM) is the most likely approach to be effective. Such a scheme could employ current tactics such as trapping in combination with new strategies including attractants or deterrents. Among proposed attractants are environmentally derived chemicals. Carp have long been observed to prefer certain habitats and environmental conditions over others, although the reasons for such a preference are not well defined. This article reviews the current scientific literature for chemical reception and attraction in carp with an emphasis on environmentally derived attractants and the potential for use of these chemical cues to enhance IPM strategies with minimal environmental impact.

scholarly journals Social Ecological System Tools for Improving Crop Pest Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D Magarey ◽  
Thomas M Chappell ◽  
Christina M Trexler ◽  
Godshen R Pallipparambil ◽  
Ernie F Hain
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract Integrated pest management (IPM) is a valuable tool for reducing pesticide use and for pesticide resistance management. Despite the success of IPM over the last 50 yr, significant challenges remain to improving IPM delivery and adoption. We believe that insights can be obtained from the field of Social Ecological Systems (SES). We first describe the complexity of crop pest management and how various social actors influence grower decision making, including adoption of IPM. Second, we discuss how crop pest management fits the definition of an SES, including such factors as scale, dynamic complexities, critical resources, and important social–ecological interactions. Third, we describe heuristics and simulation models as tools to understand complex SES and develop new strategies. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion of how social processes and SES techniques could improve crop pest management in the future, including the delivery of IPM, while reducing negative social and environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Social wasps are effective biocontrol agents of key lepidopteran crop pests

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1914) ◽  
pp. 20191676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin J. Southon ◽  
Odair A. Fernandes ◽  
Fabio S. Nascimento ◽  
Seirian Sumner
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Crop Pests ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Management Scheme

Biocontrol agents can help reduce pest populations as part of an integrated pest management scheme, with minimal environmental consequences. However, biocontrol agents are often non-native species and require significant infrastructure; overuse of single agents results in pest resistance. Native biocontrol agents are urgently required for more sustainable multi-faceted approaches to pest management. Social wasps are natural predators of lepidopteran pests, yet their viability as native biocontrol agents is largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence that the social paper wasp Polistes satan is a successful predator on the larvae of two economically important and resilient crop pests, the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (on sugarcane Saccharum spp.) and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (on maize Zea mays ); P. satan wasps significantly reduce crop pest damage. These results provide the much-needed baseline experimental evidence that social wasps have untapped potential as native biocontrol agents for sustainable crop production and food security.

scholarly journals Hydrogels: From Controlled Release to a New Bait Delivery for Insect Pest Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2061-2068
Author(s):  
Jia-Wei Tay ◽  
Dong-Hwan Choe ◽  
Ashok Mulchandani ◽  
Michael K Rust
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Release Formulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

Abstract Here, we review the literature on the development and application of hydrogel compounds for insect pest management. Researchers have used hydrogel compounds for the past few decades to achieve the controlled release of various contact insecticides, but in recent years, hydrogel compounds have also been used to absorb and deliver targeted concentrations of toxicants within a liquid bait to manage insect pests. The highly absorbent hydrogel acts as a controlled-release formulation that keeps the liquid bait available and palatable to the target pests. This review discusses the use of various types of hydrogel compounds in pest management based on different environmental settings (e.g., agricultural, urban, and natural areas), pest systems (e.g., different taxa), and modes of insecticide delivery (e.g., spray vs bait). Due to their unique physicochemical properties, hydrogel compounds have great potential to be developed into new and efficacious pest management strategies with minimal environmental impact. We will also discuss the future research and development of hydrogels in this review.

Susceptibility of different developmental stages of Trichogramma parasitoids to insecticides commonly used in the Mediterranean olive agroecosystem

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
P. G. Milonas ◽  
G. Partsinevelos ◽  
A. Kapranas
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract Insecticide application and augmentative parasitoid releases are often considered incompatible. However, pesticide applications and parasitoid releases can be integrated into a pest management scheme if there is careful time scheduling of these interventions. In this study, we assessed the influence of commonly used insecticides (chlorpyrifos-methyl, deltamethrin, pyriproxyfen, thiamethoxam) in olive agroecosystems to two currently present Trichogramma parasitoids in the Mediterranean basin. Exposure to insecticides in relation to parasitoid's development was also tested. Both, insecticide type and application time influenced parasitism and the emergence rates of the two parasitoid species. Chlorpyrifos-methyl had the strongest impact on parasitoids resulting in low numbers of emerged adults followed by deltamethrin. The two parasitoids also exhibited different levels of susceptibility to the insecticides used. Potential integration of insecticides to integrated pest management using Trichogramma parasitoids is discussed.

Acoustic attractants enhance trapping success for cane toads

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Schwarzkopf ◽  
R. A. Alford
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cane Toad ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Mating Calls ◽  
The World ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Introduced Pest

Cane toads are an introduced pest in many tropical locations around the world, but, surprisingly, there are few methods available for their control. Highly effective trapping may provide a means of controlling toads, either alone or as part of an integrated pest-management scheme. Existing cane toad trap designs use lights to lure insects to traps, and toads enter the traps to feed. Using a large, outdoor experimental arena and playback of cane toad mating calls, we examined the possibility that cane toads, like many other anurans, are attracted to conspecific mating vocalisations. We found that both male and female toads were attracted to quiet (47dB(A) at 1 m) playbacks, whereas only males responded to loud (67dB(A) at 1 m) playbacks with phonotaxis. We also tested whether playbacks broadcast from traps would be useful attractants to traps in the field. We captured three times more toads in traps with playbacks than in traps without playbacks, suggesting that playbacks can be used to enhance trapping success for toads.

Recent Advances in Three-Component Cyclocondensation of Dimedone with Aldehydes and Malononitrile for Construction of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans Using Organocatalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Kiyani
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ethanol System ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

Background: The majority of naturally occurring compounds, pharmaceuticals, and drug-candidate molecules possess heterocyclic scaffolds. In this context, tetrahydobenzo[b]pyrans are of considerable importance. In the line with the synthesis of these valuable heterocyclic compounds, the researchers tried to synthesize these molecules using different organocatalysts. The development of new strategies for three-component condensation of dimedone, various aldehydes and malononitrile for construction of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans is of particular interest to organic chemists and pharmacologists. Objective: In this review, three-component catalyzed synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran compounds is introduced, focusing on the developments in the use of organocatalysts. Organocatalytic approaches were investigated for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans. This contribution covers the literature concerning the synthesis of heterocycles referred to, in recent times. Conclusion: This review article is associated with the study of the three-component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans using organocatalysts. This review also provides an insight into the importance of these heterocycles. In the vast majority of these reactions, water and water-ethanol system have been used as green solvent media for implementation of them. The use of green solvents, the development of less toxic and promising reagents/catalysts as well as the design of inexpensive and reliable approaches are some of the principles of green chemistry, and most of the methods are benefited from them. Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and organocatalysts open avenue ofnew horizons. The recyclability of the many of these organocatalysts offers an additional merit for the use of these catalysts in 3-CR of aldehydes, dimedone, and malononitrile reactions.

Porphyrazines: Designer Macrocycles by Peripheral Substituent Change

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Fuchter ◽  
Chang Zhong ◽  
Hong Zong ◽  
Brian M. Hoffman ◽  
Anthony G. M. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Direct Fusion ◽  
Molecular Unit

It is rare that such a diverse array of applications can be realized from a single basic molecular unit, however, such is the power of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle motif. Indeed, their potential in areas such as chemical dyes, optical sensors, optoelectronics, and biomedical agents is a function of their rich electronic and optical properties. While the naturally occurring porphyrins and the synthetic phthalocyanines have been extensively studied, the related tetraazaporphyrins or porphyrazines remain comparatively underdeveloped. Since porphyrazines maintain a unique position in this family: analogous derivatives are virtually inaccessible for the porphyrins, and direct fusion of heteroatomic substituents onto the porphyrazine β-positions results in a more pronounced effect compared with the substitution of an equivalent group onto the benzenoid rings of the phthalocyanine; a driving force exists to further explore the synthesis and applications of these novel macrocycles. This review will provide a historical overview of the synthetic strategies towards functionalized porphyrazines and describe new strategies towards the preparation and applications of heteroatom-appended porphyrazines, particularly in the context of their multimetallic complexes, catalysis, surface chemistry, and as biomedical agents.

scholarly journals Virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) to spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Simões de Paula Batista ◽  
Alexander Machado Auad ◽  
Vanessa Andaló ◽  
Caio Márcio de Oliveira Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Pathogenic Agent ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Control Insect ◽  
New Strategies

The spittlebug can seriously limit the production of forage, and the use of chemical products to control insect pests is costly and can harm the environment. Thus, there is a need to reduce the reliance on chemical agents by developing new strategies. The virulence of nine strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to spittlebugs was investigated under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Fourth/fifth-instar nymphs of Mahanarva spectabilis were exposed to EPNs in the laboratory and the most virulent strains were applied on the nymphs in the greenhouse at concentrations of 2,000 and 4,000 EPNs/mL. The efficacy of the pathogenic agent was confirmed by the dissection of dead hosts. All the tested strains were pathogenic to the M. spectabilis nymphs in laboratory, particularly Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae, S. riobrave and Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC1, each of which caused nymph mortality higher than 80%. The concentration did not influence the efficiency of the strains, and those selected in the laboratory had similar efficiency in the greenhouse, except for S. carpocapsae, which was not as effective as the others. Entomopathogenic nematodes can be included in integrated pest management programs to M. spectabilis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document