Naturally occurring arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can replace direct P uptake by wheat when roots cannot access added P fertiliser

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Li ◽  
Sally E. Smith ◽  
Kathy Ophel-Keller ◽  
Robert E. Holloway ◽  
F. Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Access Controls ◽  
Total P ◽  
P Sources

We investigated the roles of naturally occurring arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in phosphorus (P) uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a calcareous, P-fixing soil. Plants grew in a main pot containing autoclaved soil (NM) or autoclaved soil mixed with non-autoclaved soil (to provide inoculum of naturally occurring AM fungi; AM). Granular (GP; monoammonium phosphate) or fluid (FP; ammonium polyphosphate) fertilisers were applied in small compartments (PCs) within a main pot, to which either roots plus hyphae (–Mesh) or hyphae only (+Mesh) had access. Controls received no additional P (NP). Inoculated plants were well colonised by AM fungi. AM growth depressions were observed in –Mesh treatments with NP and GP, but not with FP. Neither AM growth nor P responses were observed in +Mesh treatments. AM plants had much higher P uptake than NM plants, regardless of the P and mesh treatments. Total P uptake by NM plants increased with FP in –Mesh, but was unaffected by either form of P in the +Mesh treatments. Total P uptake by AM plants was similar between –Mesh and +Mesh treatments, regardless of applied P, showing that roots plus hyphae and hyphae alone have the same ability to obtain P. Thus, hyphae can take over the roles of roots in P uptake when roots are not able to access P sources.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on The Nutrient, Phosphateuptake and in Vitro Digestibility of Alfalfa

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Bela Putra ◽  
Nafiatul Umami ◽  
Cahyo Wulandari ◽  
Ristianto Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Total P

This study aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate (P) fertilizer on the nutrient content, phosphate uptake and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).The research was conducted at green house of Forage and Pastures Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design using 3x4 factorial patterns with four replications. The first factor was dosage of phosphate fertilizer SP 36 (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha). Second factor was the dosage of AMF (0, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4kg/ha). The variable measured was nutrient contents (crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter), total P uptake and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. The results showed that the interaction of AMF and P fertilizer had no significant effect on crude protein and total P uptake, but highly significant effect on the parameters of dry matter, organic matter and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. 

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
S. H. Begna ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P ◽  
Extractable Soil

The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to help their host plant absorb soil P is well known, but little attention has been paid to the effect of AM fungi on soil P depletion capacity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess, under different P levels, the effects of mycorrhizae on extractable soil P and P uptake by maize hybrids with contrasting phenotypes. The experiment had three factors, including two mycorrhizal treatments (mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal), three P fertilizer rates (0, 40, and 80 mg kg-1) and three maize hybrids [leafy normal stature (LNS), leafy reduced stature (LRS) and a conventional hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)]. Extractable soil P was determined after 3, 6 and 9 wk of maize growth. Plant biomass, P concentration and total P content were also determined after 9 wk of growth. Fertilization increased soil extractable P, plant biomass, P concentration in plants and total P uptake. In contrast to P3979, the LNS and LRS hybrids had higher biomass and total P content when mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizae had less influence on soil extractable P than on total P uptake by plants. The absence of P fertilization increased the importance of AM fungi for P uptake, which markedly reduced soil extractable P under AM plants during growth. This effect was strongest for LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, intermediate for LRS, and not significant for the commercial hybrid P3979, which did not respond to AM inoculation. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, extraradical hyphae, maize hybrid,plant biomass, P uptake, soil extractable P

scholarly journals Optimasi simbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita pada bibit kelapa sawit di tanah masam Optimizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽  
Edi GUHARDJA ◽  
Nampiah SOEKARNO ◽  
L K DARUSMAN ◽  
Didiek Hadjar GOENADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Fungal Symbiosis

SummaryAM fungal symbiosis increase the uptake of P in oil palm seedlings. However the optimum condition of symbiosis has to be determined to get higher benefit of AM fungal symbiosis. Optimization of the symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil was determined. An experiment was conducted in polybag sized 40 x 60 cm contained sterilized Cikopomayak soil. Three factors studied were AM fungal species (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), inoculant dose (0.0; 12.5; 25.0; and 37.5% w/w), and fertilizer rate (0; 25; 50; and 100% recommended dose) and each treatment replicated three times. The result showed that optimum growth reached on the inoculant addition of 36% (w/w) in the form of infected roots, hypha, and spores and fertilizer dose of 25% for A. tuberculata, while for G. margarita was 40% (w/w) inoculant and 26% fertilizer. Efectivity of fertilizer and P uptake of oil palm seedling were significantly increased with AM fungi inoculation. P uptake of oil palm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata increase. RingkasanSimbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) dapat meningkatkan serapan P pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Namun, untuk mendapatkan keuntungan simbiosis yang tinggi perlu diketahui kondisi optimum simbiosis. Simbiosis CMA dengan tanaman sangat dipengaruhi tingkat hara dan dosis inokulum. Percobaan dilakukan dalam polibag berukuran 40 x 60 cm berisi tanah Cikopomayak steril. Tiga faktor yang diuji ialah spesies CMA (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), dosis inokulum campuran (0,0; 12,5; 25,0; dan 37,5% b/b), dosis pupuk (0; 25; 50; dan 100% dosis rekomendasi) dan masing masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan optimum dicapai pada pemberian inokulum berupa akar terinfeksi, hifa, dan spora 36% (b/b) dan pupuk 25% untuk A. tuberculata, sedangkan untuk G. margarita ialah 40% (b/b) inokulum dan pupuk 26%. Keefektifan pupuk dan serapan P meningkat secara nyata dengan inokulasi CMA

Effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with and without rock phosphate on four forest tree seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 5204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanappa Jangandi ◽  
Chaitra B. Negalur* ◽  
Mr. Narayan ◽  
H. C. Lakshman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Vigorous Plant

The effect of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria Bacillus polymyxa and AM-mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus fasciculatus with and without rock phosphate treatments on growth of Terminalia paniculata and T. tomentosa were studied in nursery. The results showed that the combined inoculation of both PSB, AM fungi and rock phosphate produced vigorous plant growth of tree seedlings for quick planting. The experiments clearly demonstrated that the combined inoculation of PSB and AM fungi brought marked increase in plant growth, dry matter, and P uptake when, compared to individual inoculants or non-inoculated plants. The increase in growth was attributed to the increase in P uptake in shoots of the seedlings. The results indicated that both organisms have synergistic effect with additional 250 mg RP/kg rock phosphate treatment for T.paniculata Roth. and 150 mgRP/kg for T.tomentosa W.& A. in green house conditions.

Phosphorus efficiency of three cereals as related to indigenous mycorrhizal infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Baon ◽  
SE Smith ◽  
AM Alston ◽  
RD Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Set Up

The influence of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection on the assessment of phosphorus (P) efficiency in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Spear), barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Galleon) and rye (Secale cereale L. cv. S.A. Commercial) was studied. P efficiency was defined in terms of uptake (mg P pot-1) or utilization (g dw mg-1 P). Experiments were set up with two soils which had low concentrations of plant available P and had been used in a previous study of P efficiency in cereals. Numbers of spores and infective propagules were significantly different in the two soils. In the soil with low propagule density, the extent of mycorrhizal infection of barley, wheat and rye increased with time. Twenty days after transplanting 3-day old seedlings, there was no difference in the percentage of root length infected (2.0%), but at 40 days, wheat (22.4%) and barley (19.3%) had significantly greater percentage of infected root than had rye (10.7%). At 30 days, wheat had a significantly higher percentage of root length infected than barley. In the soil with high propagule density, infection occurred more rapidly, so that the percentage of root length of wheat and barley infected was not significantly different at the three times of harvest. However, infection of rye significantly increased with time and was higher (31.8%) than that of barley (19.8%) at the final harvest. Mycorrhizal infection was positively correlated with efficiency of P uptake in barley, but not in wheat or rye. However, efficiency in utilization of P by barley and wheat was negatively correlated with infection. The colonization of cereals by the indigenous mycorrhizal fungi decreased with the addition of P to the soils. The results of these studies indicate the potential importance of mycorrhizal infection in assessment of P efficiency in cereals.

Colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi changes the relationship between phosphorus uptake and membrane potential in leek (Allium porrum) seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Ayling ◽  
Sally E. Smith ◽  
F. Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the relationship between phosphorus (P) uptake and root membrane electric potential difference (p.d.) was investigated in leek (Allium porrum L.). Plants were grown, with or without the AM fungus Scutellospora calospora (Nicolson and Gerdemann) Walker and Sanders, in soil. P uptake and root p.d. were correlated; plants with the highest P concentration in the shoot had the most negative p.d. This relationship was strong in non-mycorrhizal leeks (r2 = 84–98%), but weaker in mycorrhizal leeks (r2 = 55–64%), consistent with the idea that in mycorrhizal roots the fungal hyphae are the principal site of P uptake.

scholarly journals Optimasi simbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula Acaulospora tuberculata dan Gigaspora margarita pada bibit kelapa sawit di tanah masam Optimizing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil)

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Happy WIDIASTUTI ◽  
Edi GUHARDJA ◽  
Nampiah SOEKARNO ◽  
L K DARUSMAN ◽  
Didiek Hadjar GOENADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Fungal Symbiosis

SummaryAM fungal symbiosis increase the uptake of P in oil palm seedlings. However the optimum condition of symbiosis has to be determined to get higher benefit of AM fungal symbiosis. Optimization of the symbiosis Acaulospora tuberculata and Gigaspora margarita with oil palm seedling in acid soil was determined. An experiment was conducted in polybag sized 40 x 60 cm contained sterilized Cikopomayak soil. Three factors studied were AM fungal species (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), inoculant dose (0.0; 12.5; 25.0; and 37.5% w/w), and fertilizer rate (0; 25; 50; and 100% recommended dose) and each treatment replicated three times. The result showed that optimum growth reached on the inoculant addition of 36% (w/w) in the form of infected roots, hypha, and spores and fertilizer dose of 25% for A. tuberculata, while for G. margarita was 40% (w/w) inoculant and 26% fertilizer. Efectivity of fertilizer and P uptake of oil palm seedling were significantly increased with AM fungi inoculation. P uptake of oil palm seedling inoculated with A. tuberculata increase. RingkasanSimbiosis cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) dapat meningkatkan serapan P pada pembibitan kelapa sawit. Namun, untuk mendapatkan keuntungan simbiosis yang tinggi perlu diketahui kondisi optimum simbiosis. Simbiosis CMA dengan tanaman sangat dipengaruhi tingkat hara dan dosis inokulum. Percobaan dilakukan dalam polibag berukuran 40 x 60 cm berisi tanah Cikopomayak steril. Tiga faktor yang diuji ialah spesies CMA (A. tuberculata, G. margarita), dosis inokulum campuran (0,0; 12,5; 25,0; dan 37,5% b/b), dosis pupuk (0; 25; 50; dan 100% dosis rekomendasi) dan masing masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan optimum dicapai pada pemberian inokulum berupa akar terinfeksi, hifa, dan spora 36% (b/b) dan pupuk 25% untuk A. tuberculata, sedangkan untuk G. margarita ialah 40% (b/b) inokulum dan pupuk 26%. Keefektifan pupuk dan serapan P meningkat secara nyata dengan inokulasi CMA

scholarly journals Use of the Signature Fatty Acid 16:1ω5 as a Tool to Determine the Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Ngosong ◽  
Elke Gabriel ◽  
Liliane Ruess
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Root Symbionts

Biomass estimation of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, widespread plant root symbionts, commonly employs lipid biomarkers, predominantly the fatty acid 16:1ω5. We briefly reviewed the application of this signature fatty acid, followed by a case study comparing biochemical markers with microscopic techniques in an arable soil following a change to AM non-host plants after 27 years of continuous host crops, that is, two successive cropping seasons with wheat followed by amaranth. After switching to the non-host amaranth, spore biomass estimated by the neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1ω5 decreased to almost nil, whereas microscopic spore counts decreased by about 50% only. In contrast, AM hyphal biomass assessed by the phospholipid (PLFA) 16:1ω5 was greater under amaranth than wheat. The application of PLFA 16:1ω5 as biomarker was hampered by background level derived from bacteria, and further enhanced by its incorporation from degrading spores used as microbial resource. Meanwhile, biochemical and morphological assessments showed negative correlation for spores and none for hyphal biomass. In conclusion, the NLFA 16:1ω5 appears to be a feasible indicator for AM fungi of the Glomales group in the complex field soils, whereas the use of PLFA 16:1ω5 for hyphae is unsuitable and should be restricted to controlled laboratory studies.

scholarly journals Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Simulated Climate Changes by Reciprocal Translocation in Tibetan Plateau

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-493
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong SHI ◽  
Xubin YIN ◽  
Bede MICKAN ◽  
Fayuan WANG ◽  
Ying ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Colonization Frequency

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are considered as an important factor in predicting plants and ecosystem responses to climate changes on a global scale. The Tibetan Plateau is the highest region on Earth with abundant natural resources and one of the most sensitive region to climate changes. To evaluate the complex response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and spore density to climate changes, a reciprocal translocation experiment was employed in Tibetan Plateau. The reciprocal translocation of quadrats to AM colonization and spore density were dynamic. Mycorrhizal colonization frequency presented contrary changed trend with elevations of quadrat translocation. Colonization frequency reduced or increased in majority quadrats translocated from low to high or from high to low elevation. Responses of colonization intensity to translocation of quadrats were more sensitive than colonization frequency. Arbuscular colonization showed inconsistent trend in increased or decreased quadrat. Vesicle colonization decreased with changed of quadrat from low to high elevations. However, no significant trend was observed. Although spore density was dynamic with signs of decreasing or increasing in translocated quadrats, the majority enhanced and declined respectively in descent and ascent quadrat treatments. It is crucial to understand the interactions between AM fungi and prairie grasses to accurately predict effects of climate change on these diverse and sensitive ecosystems. This study provided an opportunity for understanding the effect of climate changes on AM fungi.

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