scholarly journals Macroscopic and dermoscopic evaluation used to differentiate subungual haemorrhage from melanocytic lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Mirain Phillips ◽  
Amanda Oakley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Nail Plate ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Proximal Margin ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Nail Pigmentation ◽  
Rule Out

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONSubungual haemorrhage describes blood located between the nail matrix and nail plate caused by trauma. Lack of recalled trauma and long duration of nail pigmentation results in specialist referrals to rule out malignant pathology. AIMThis report aims to describe the macroscopic and dermoscopic characteristics of subungual haemorrhage and to highlight its clinical differentiation from melanocytic lesions. METHODSNinety-eight nails were assessed. Pigmentation in fifty-nine was due to subungual haemorrhage and was melanocytic in the remainder (identified by a longitudinal pigmented band). RESULTSPigmentation in subungual haemorrhage had a clear proximal margin (73%) and the dermoscopic pattern was homogenous (97%), globular (78%) or streaky (34%). Features included peripheral fading (68%) and periungual haemorrhage (5%). Malignancy could be excluded in these cases by careful clinical evaluation. DISCUSSIONA combination of macroscopic and dermoscopic characteristics help make a confident diagnosis of subungual haemorrhage. A two-stage process can aid clinical diagnosis by looking for known features of subungual haemorrhage and identifying absence of malignant features.

CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE ACTIVITY IN EXOPHTHALMOS

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Erik Björkman ◽  
Torsten Denneberg ◽  
Inge Hedenskog
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT A method for demonstrating the presence of a thyroid stimulating factor in the blood of patients with progressive exophthalmos after thyroidectomy or after treatment with radioiodine is described. The method consists of transfusing freshly drawn blood from the patients to euthyroid recipients and subsequently following the PBI level of the recipients at regular intervals. Six exophthalmic patients tested in this manner were found to have such a factor in their circulating blood. After transfusion of their blood a significant rise in the PBI level of the recipients could be demonstrated. Two other patients, one with exophthalmos of long duration did not show this response nor did it occur after transfusion of blood from two control subjects. In one case the action of this factor was compared with that of animal thyrotrophin and found to be of the same magnitude.

scholarly journals Two-Stage Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil with a High Acid Value via an Ultrasound-Assisted Method

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3703
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Wei-Ting Lin ◽  
Wei-Cheng Chiu ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Acid Value ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, ultrasound was used to accelerate two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil, which originally had a high acid value (4.35 mg KOH/g). In the first stage, acid-catalyzed esterification reaction conditions were developed with a 9:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, sulfuric acid dosage at 2 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 60 °C. Under ultrasound irradiation for 40 min, the acid value was effectively decreased from 4.35 to 1.67 mg KOH/g, which was decreased to a sufficient level (<2 mg KOH/g) to avoid the saponification problem for the subsequent transesterification reaction. In the following stage, base-catalyzed transesterification reactions were carried out with a 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, a sodium hydroxide dosage of 1 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. Under ultrasound-assisted transesterification for 40 min, the conversion rate of biodiesel reached 97.05%, which met the requirement of EN 14214 standard, i.e., 96.5% minimum. In order to evaluate and explore the improvement of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) process in shortening the reaction time, additional two-stage biodiesel synthesis experiments using the traditional mechanical stirring method under the optimal conditions were further carried out in this study. It was found that, under the same optimal conditions, using the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process, the total reaction time was significantly reduced to only 80 min, which was much shorter than the total time required by the conventional method of 140 min. It is worth noting that compared with the traditional method without ultrasound, the intensification of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process significantly shortened the total time from 140 min to 80 min, which is a reduction of 42.9%. It was concluded that the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic process is an effective and time-saving method for synthesizing biodiesel from used cooking oil with a high acid value.

scholarly journals Food behavior change in late-life widowhood: A two-stage process

Appetite ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Vesnaver ◽  
Heather H. Keller ◽  
Olga Sutherland ◽  
Scott B. Maitland ◽  
J.L. Locher
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Food Behavior ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Process

High-efficiency CuInSe2 solar cells prepared by the two-stage process

Solar Cells ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent M. Basol ◽  
Vijay K. Kapur ◽  
Richard C. Kullberg
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Stage Process

scholarly journals A new methodology for polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulin solution production with a two-stage process of viral inactivation

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-783
Author(s):  
Antônio Edson de Souza Lucena ◽  
Divaldo de Almeida Sampaio ◽  
Ednaldo Rosas da Silva ◽  
Virgínia Florêncio de Paiva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Sodium Caprylate

Highly purified intravenous immunoglobulin G concentrate (IV IgG) was produced with the use of polyethylene glycol associated to a single-stage precipitation by ethanol, instead of the classic Cohn-Oncley process, which employs cold alcohol as the precipitating agent, in a three-stage process. Precipitation of crude fraction containing more than 95% of immunoglobulin G was performed by liquid chromatography with a cation exchanger, CM-Sepharose, as a stationary phase. During the process, the product was subjected to two-stage viral inactivation. The first stage was performed by the action of sodium caprylate, 30 mM at pH 5.1+/- 0.1, and the second stage was performed by the action of a solvent-detergent mixture. The finished product was formulated at 5% with 10% sucralose as the stabilizing agent. The process yields 3.3g of IgG/liter of plasma. The finished product analysis showed an anti-complementary activity lower than 1CH50. Polymer and aggregate percent levels were lower than 3% in the five batches studied. The analysis of neutralizing capacity showed the presence of antibacterial and antiviral antibodies in at least three times higher concentrations than the levels found in source plasma. The finished product fulfilled all purity requirements stated in the 4th edition of the European pharmacopeia.

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