Antibiotic resistance associated with aquaculture in Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Nam Kha Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thu Hao Van ◽  
Peter J Coloe
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
The Third ◽  
Aquatic Products ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Food Animals

The fishery sector is an important source of income, employment and food supply in Vietnam. In 2014, Vietnam was ranked the world's fourth largest exporter and the third largest producer of farmed food fish. Vietnam seafood export has attained the value of over US$6.0 billion since 2011 and reached a peak of US$7.9 billion in 2014. However, many problems and diseases confront sustainable development of the fishery sector and overuse of antibiotics is considered a major challenge. Antibiotics are used in aquaculture for both therapeutic and prophylactic reasons. Various antimicrobials used in human medicine are also used for food animals even for non-therapeutic use. The use of antibiotics in health management of aquaculture farming is of great concern due to possible residues in aquatic products and in the development of antibiotic resistance. In 2005 the Vietnamese government first promulgated a list of medicines, chemicals and antibiotics that are banned or limited for use in aquaculture and this is regularly updated and amended to tackle the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.

The Long Road to Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Good News ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Positive Indicators ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Selection Of

This book examines the idea of sustainable development, made up of economic, social, and environmental parts over the period of human history. This work suggests humanity has been unsustainable in all three areas for most of its history, although in the last few hundred years the scale of unsustainability has increased, while, simultaneously, answers have started to emerge. This conclusion can be seen in two parts, namely the economic and social sides of sustainable development and then the environmental ones. This work suggests that, with the correct selection of tools, solid and positive foundations for the economic and social sides of sustainable development is possible as the world globalizes. This is not, however, a foregone conclusion. Despite a number of recent positive indicators in this area, there are still very large unanswered questions with existing mechanisms and other gaps in the international architecture which, if not fixed, could quickly make problems of economic and social sustainability worse, not better. With the third leg of sustainable development, that for the environment, the optimism is not as strong. The good news is that science, laws, and policies have evolved and expanded to the level that, in theory, there is no environmental problem which cannot be solved. In many areas, especially in the developed world, success is already easy to measure. Where it is not easy to measure, and pessimism creeps in, is in the developing world, which is now inheriting a scale and mixture of environmental difficulties which are simply unprecedented.

scholarly journals The In-Feed Antibiotic Carbadox Induces Phage Gene Transcription in the Swine Gut Microbiome

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Johnson ◽  
Torey Looft ◽  
Andrew J. Severin ◽  
Darrell O. Bayles ◽  
Daniel J. Nasko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Phage Dna ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Collateral Effects

ABSTRACT Carbadox is a quinoxaline-di-N-oxide antibiotic fed to over 40% of young pigs in the United States that has been shown to induce phage DNA transduction in vitro; however, the effects of carbadox on swine microbiome functions are poorly understood. We investigated the in vivo longitudinal effects of carbadox on swine gut microbial gene expression (fecal metatranscriptome) and phage population dynamics (fecal dsDNA viromes). Microbial metagenome, transcriptome, and virome sequences were annotated for taxonomic inference and gene function by using FIGfam (isofunctional homolog sequences) and SEED subsystems databases. When the beta diversities of microbial FIGfam annotations were compared, the control and carbadox communities were distinct 2 days after carbadox introduction. This effect was driven by carbadox-associated lower expression of FIGfams (n = 66) related to microbial respiration, carbohydrate utilization, and RNA metabolism (q < 0.1), suggesting bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects within certain populations. Interestingly, carbadox treatment caused greater expression of FIGfams related to all stages of the phage lytic cycle 2 days following the introduction of carbadox (q ≤0.07), suggesting the carbadox-mediated induction of prophages and phage DNA recombination. These effects were diminished by 7 days of continuous carbadox in the feed, suggesting an acute impact. Additionally, the viromes included a few genes that encoded resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and beta-lactam antibiotics but these did not change in frequency over time or with treatment. The results show decreased bacterial growth and metabolism, prophage induction, and potential transduction of bacterial fitness genes in swine gut bacterial communities as a result of carbadox administration. IMPORTANCE FDA regulations on agricultural antibiotic use have focused on antibiotics that are important for human medicine. Carbadox is an antibiotic not used in humans but frequently used on U.S. pig farms. It is important to study possible side effects of carbadox use because it has been shown to promote bacterial evolution, which could indirectly impact antibiotic resistance in bacteria of clinical importance. Interestingly, the present study shows greater prophage gene expression in feces from carbadox-fed animals than in feces from nonmedicated animals 2 days after the initiation of in-feed carbadox treatment. Importantly, the phage genetic material isolated in this study contained genes that could provide resistance to antibiotics that are important in human medicine, indicating that human-relevant antibiotic resistance genes are mobile between bacteria via phages. This study highlights the collateral effects of antibiotics and demonstrates the need to consider diverse antibiotic effects whenever antibiotics are being used or new regulations are considered. FDA regulations on agricultural antibiotic use have focused on antibiotics that are important for human medicine. Carbadox is an antibiotic not used in humans but frequently used on U.S. pig farms. It is important to study possible side effects of carbadox use because it has been shown to promote bacterial evolution, which could indirectly impact antibiotic resistance in bacteria of clinical importance. Interestingly, the present study shows greater prophage gene expression in feces from carbadox-fed animals than in feces from nonmedicated animals 2 days after the initiation of in-feed carbadox treatment. Importantly, the phage genetic material isolated in this study contained genes that could provide resistance to antibiotics that are important in human medicine, indicating that human-relevant antibiotic resistance genes are mobile between bacteria via phages. This study highlights the collateral effects of antibiotics and demonstrates the need to consider diverse antibiotic effects whenever antibiotics are being used or new regulations are considered.

scholarly journals Abstracts of the 43rd Symposium on Cuniculture, ASESCU

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Abstracts, Conferences, Congresses, Symposiums...
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
City Council ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
And Control

The 43<sup>rd</sup> Congress of the Spanish Association of Cuniculture (ASESCU) was held in Calamocha (Teruel province, Aragon region, Spain) from 30th to 31st May 2018, hosted by the Cooperative Society “Esperanza del Jiloca” (CEJI) and the City Council of Calamocha. The three main talks focused on strategies against antibiotic resistance in rabbit farming: one explaining the relevance of this problem and the responsibility of each agent to improve it, another expounding the “Spanish National Plan against Antibiotic Resistance”, and the third showing the first milestones reached in reducing antibiotic use on rabbit farms. Specific sessions were devoted to explaining the outcomes of the three research projects supported by the partnership between the Spanish Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA) and the Rabbit Meat Marketing Board (INTERCUN): one related to welfare and health of rabbit does under different housing systems, the second devoted to the prevention and control of rabbit viral diseases, and the third investigating the etiopathogeny and control of epizootic rabbit enteropathy. In addition, the role and operation of INTERCUN was highlighted. The Chair of ASESCU spoke about this association’s role in the IDCURA project, a working group focused on innovation and divulgation in reducing antibiotic use in rabbit farming. The closing speech explained the workings of LONCUN, the latest reference market for benchmark prices of rabbit meat activated in Spain. Moreover, a total of 20 communications were presented both in working sessions with oral messages and posters (nutrition, pathology, biosecurity and sustainability, housing and welfare, and reproduction and genetics). The meeting was attended by more than 210 participants from several European, American and African countries. Abstracts of the contributions presented are reported below.

scholarly journals The Need for Ecotourism at Our Third Pole and Their Sustainable Development and Policy Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Chenhaojia Liu ◽  
Chenyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
The Third ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Culture Education

The term ecotourism was originally proposed to rethink culture, education, and tourism, and has developed into a foundational concept for international natural ecological sustainability. This paper uses a combination of desktop research and literature research to explore the necessity, feasibility, and sustainability of ecotourism in the Third Pole, specifically analyzing the current situation, strengths and weaknesses, and four potential problems of ecotourism in the Tibetan Plateau, and making recommendations, including, but not limited to, the introduction of encouraging and restrictive policies for local tourism practitioners and people from the tourism industry.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity and antibiotic resistance gene profile of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from humans and food animals in Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Ajayi ◽  
Stella Ifeanyi Smith ◽  
Julien Coulibaly Kalpy ◽  
Ibidunni Oreoluwa Bode-Sojobi ◽  
Yao Kouamé René ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Profile ◽  
Food Animals

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE RIGHT TO THE ENVIRONMENT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akramosadat Kia
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right

Nature is one of the most important pillars of human life, which is why the environment has been considered in all historical periods. At first, contemporary international law seeks to protect the environment as part of international environmental law, but the inadequacy of this protection and the need to protect the environment for Nowadays's human beings and future generations, the link between the environment and human rights It was considered because legal protection of human rights could be a means to protect the environment. Hence, in the context of the third generation of human rights, a new right called "the right to the environment" was created in international human rights instruments, in which the environment was raised as a human right. This right is not only a reminder of the solidarity rights that are categorized in the third generation of human rights, but also necessary for the realization of many human rights, civil, political or economic, social and cultural rights. However, the exercise of this right requires a level of development which in turn provides for a greater degree of environmental degradation. Hence, the international community since the nineties has promoted the idea of sustainable development at all levels of national, regional and the international has put it on its agenda.

Eco-Cultural Tourism for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development of Remote Ecosystems in the Third World

2015 ◽  
pp. 34-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Poyyamoli
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Third World ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

Most of the remote areas such as mountains and islands are characterized by the features such as remoteness, fragility, endemism, and upland/lowland or island/mainland linkages, besides richer biodiversity and indigenous knowledge, thus attracting a large number of quality conscious tourists. However, conventional “top-down”, reactive and ad-hoc approaches and ill-conceived “development” activities such as infrastructure for mass tourism will destroy the very natural and cultural resource base on which the tourism thrives in these areas. These trends have led to the paradigm shifts towards community-based, participatory, and pro-active management strategies. Appropriate strategies for integrating biodiversity conservation and sustainable livelihoods by regenerating nature and culture for facilitating sustainable development of remote ecosystems in the third world are discussed in this chapter.

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