Corrigendum to: Ocean currents and the larval phase of Australian western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Griffin ◽  
John L. Wilkin ◽  
Chris F. Chubb ◽  
Alan F. Pearce ◽  
Nick Caputi

The return of Panulirus cygnus larvae to the coast of Western Australia after nearly a year at sea and its modulation by ocean currents were addressed with an individual-based larval-transport model. The simulations implied that offshore wind-driven transport of larvae is balanced by onshore geostrophic flow. Additional simulations revealed that vertical migration behaviour was essential to larval survival through its impact on advection. The six years simulated include two of high, two of low, and two of average puerulus settlement. The most robust interannual difference of the simulations was that, when coastal sea level was low and the Leeuwin Current was weak, more early-stage larvae were lost to the north and west under the influence of the wind. Conversely, many late-stage model larvae were carried south of the fishery in years when the Leeuwin Current was strong. The fraction of model larvae remaining or arriving offshore of the fishery and metamorphosing was essentially constant from year to year, so the variation in observed puerulus settlement was not explained by the model. The results imply that the nonadvective effects of fluctuations in the Leeuwin (e.g., on temperature and primary production) were primarily responsible for the high variation in natural settlement.

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Griffin ◽  
John L. Wilkin ◽  
Chris F. Chubb ◽  
Alan F. Pearce ◽  
Nick Caputi

The return of Panulirus cygnus larvae to the coast of Western Australia after nearly a year at sea and its modulation by ocean currents were addressed with an individual-based larval-transport model. The simulations implied that offshore wind-driven transport of larvae is balanced by onshore geostrophic flow. Additional simulations revealed that vertical migration behaviour was essential to larval survival through its impact on advection. The six years simulated include two of high, two of low, and two of average puerulus settlement. The most robust interannual difference of the simulations was that, when coastal sea level was low and the Leeuwin Current was weak, more early-stage larvae were lost to the north and west under the influence of the wind. Conversely, many late-stage model larvae were carried south of the fishery in years when the Leeuwin Current was strong. The fraction of model larvae remaining or arriving offshore of the fishery and metamorphosing was essentially constant from year to year, so the variation in observed puerulus settlement was not explained by the model. The results imply that the nonadvective effects of fluctuations in the Leeuwin (e.g., on temperature and primary production) were primarily responsible for the high variation in natural settlement.


2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sampey ◽  
M. G. Meekan ◽  
J. H. Carleton ◽  
A. D. McKinnon ◽  
M. I. McCormick

Information on the temporal distributions of tropical fish larvae is scarce. Early stage larval fishes were sampled using towed bongo plankton nets at sites on the southern North West Shelf of Australia (21°49′S, 114°14′E), between October and February of 1997/98 and 1998/99. The first summer was characterised by El Niño–Southern Oscillation-driven upwelling and high primary productivity, whereas in the second summer water temperatures were warmer and primary production was lower. Benthic percoid shorefishes dominated surface assemblages in both summers and this pattern may be typical of tropical shelf environments.The abundance and diversity of larval fishes were lowest in October and increased from November through to February. Assemblages displayed weak cross-shelf patterns, with a few taxa being more abundant at inshore sites (e.g. monacanthids), whereas others were more abundant offshore (e.g. scombrids). Although the composition of assemblages remained relatively consistent, many taxa (e.g. pomacentrids and carangids) showed differences in abundance between summers. Multivariate analyses found no relationships between abundance patterns of larval fishes and biophysical variables, such as temperature, salinity, and zooplankton biomass. Thus, seasonal changes in abundance may reflect differences in the spawning activities of adult fishes and/or larval survival.


2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Caputi ◽  
Chris Chubb ◽  
Alan Pearce

The Leeuwin Current, which brings warm, nutrient-poor waters southward along the edge of the West Australian continental shelf, is positively correlated with western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) puerulus settlement along the coast. Westerly winds, also positively correlated with puerulus settlement, probably assist the transport of larvae to the coast during settlement. We examined relationships between (a) monthly sea-surface temperature where phyllosoma larvae occur – and annual levels of puerulus settlement at locations throughout the fishery and (b) monthly variation in Leeuwin Current strength (and westerly winds) and annual puerulus settlement later in the year (August–January). The Leeuwin Current, when it begins to strengthen during February–April, was highly correlated with puerulus settlement; sea-surface temperature during this period may have strongly influenced puerulus settlement at many locations. Its influence on puerulus settlement may have been due to improved larval survival and growth caused by higher water temperatures associated with a stronger Leeuwin Current in April or to increased retention of larvae close to the coast. In years when the southward-flowing Leeuwin Current was very strong, settlement in the southern locations was relatively higher than that farther north. In years of strong puerulus settlement, settlement also occurred earlier in the season.


2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Feng ◽  
Nick Caputi ◽  
James Penn ◽  
Dirk Slawinski ◽  
Simon de Lestang ◽  
...  

An individual-based model, incorporating outputs of a data-assimilating hydrodynamic model, was developed to investigate the role of ocean circulation in the recruitment processes of western rock lobster ( Panulirus cygnus ) during its 9- to 11-month larval phase off the west coast of Australia. During austral summer, strong northward alongshore winds aid the offshore movement of early-stage model larvae from midshelf hatching sites into open ocean; during austral winter, eastward flows that feed the enhanced Leeuwin Current facilitate onshore movement of late-stage larvae towards nearshore habitats. Stokes drift induced by swells from the Southern Ocean is critical to retain larvae off the west coast. Diurnal migration and temperature-dependent growth are also important. Model larvae hatched in late spring – early summer grow faster because of longer exposure to warm summer temperature, which allows them to be transported towards the coast by the strong onshore flows in winter and reduces their natural mortality. Preliminary source–sink relationship indicates that the population was well mixed off the coast, with higher likelihood of settlement success from hatching sites in the north, mostly due to higher surface temperature. Weighted with the breeding stock distribution, the area between 27.5°S and 29.5°S, including the Abrolhos Islands, is the most important hatching area to the success of settlement.


1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Caputi ◽  
WJ Fletcher ◽  
A Pearce ◽  
CF Chubb

The relatively high catch of invertebrate species compared with finfish off Western Australia is in sharp contrast to other regions of the world, where finfish production usually dominates. This low level of finfish production is primarily due to the Leeuwin Current, which consists of warm, low-nutrient waters flowing south along the edge of the continental shelf of the Western Australian coast. In contrast, the other eastern boundary currents in the Southern Hemisphere (Humboldt and Benguela) are associated with upwelling of cool, nutrient-rich waters flowing north and the high rates of primary production resulting in a large finfish production. The Leeuwin Current, being the dominant oceanographic feature off Western Australia, has a major influence on the abundance of many species. The larval phase is the stage mainly affected by the current, but not always with the same result. For example, the strength of the Leeuwin Current has a significant positive influence during the larval stage of the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus). However, the current has a negative influence during the larval life of the scallop, Amusium balloti, in Shark Bay. Similarly for the pelagic finfish species, the current has a negative effect on larval survival of pilchards (Sardinops sagax neopilchardus) but a positive impact for whitebait (Hyperlophus vittatus). Possible mechanisms for the effect of the current include transportation of larvae and temperature effects on spawning success and on survival and growth of larvae.


2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Friedland ◽  
Michael J. Miller ◽  
Brian Knights

Abstract Friedland, K. D., Miller, M. J., and Knights, B. 2007. Oceanic changes in the Sargasso Sea and declines in recruitment of the European eel. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 519–530. Anguillid eel recruitment in the North Atlantic has declined in recent decades, raising concerns that climatic changes in the Sargasso Sea may be influencing oceanic reproduction and larval survival. There is a significant negative correlation between the North Atlantic Oscillation and long-term variations in catches of glass eel stages of the European eel Anguilla anguilla recorded by the fishery independent Den Oever recruitment index (DOI) in the Netherlands, lagged by one year. Ocean-atmospheric changes in the Sargasso Sea may affect the location of spawning areas by silver eels and the survival of leptocephali during the key period when they are transported towards the Gulf Stream. A northward shift in a key isotherm (22.5°C), defining the northern boundary of the spawning area, a declining trend in winds and transport conditions in larval transport areas, and a shallowing of the mixed layer depth could affect primary productivity in areas where leptocephali feed. The relationships between these ocean parameters and the DOI suggest that these changing ocean conditions could be contributing to declining recruitment of the European eel and probably also of the American eel (A. rostrata), but anthropogenic factors during their continental life stage must also be considered.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero ◽  
Nuno Ratola

AbstractThe atmospheric concentration of persistent organic pollutants (and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, in particular) is closely related to climate change and climatic fluctuations, which are likely to influence contaminant’s transport pathways and transfer processes. Predicting how climate variability alters PAHs concentrations in the atmosphere still poses an exceptional challenge. In this sense, the main objective of this contribution is to assess the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and the mean concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, the most studied PAH congener) in a domain covering Europe, with an emphasis on the effect of regional-scale processes. A numerical simulation for a present climate period of 30 years was performed using a regional chemistry transport model with a 25 km spatial resolution (horizontal), higher than those commonly applied. The results show an important seasonal behaviour, with a remarkable spatial pattern of difference between the north and the south of the domain. In winter, higher BaP ground levels are found during the NAO+ phase for the Mediterranean basin, while the spatial pattern of this feature (higher BaP levels during NAO+ phases) moves northwards in summer. These results show deviations up to and sometimes over 100% in the BaP mean concentrations, but statistically significant signals (p<0.1) of lower changes (20–40% variations in the signal) are found for the north of the domain in winter and for the south in summer.


Author(s):  
F. Wittmann ◽  
C. Schmitt ◽  
F. Adam ◽  
P. Dierken

AbstractThe Energyhub@Sea concept is one of the four research applications of the Space@Sea project funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020 research program (GA number: 774253). The focus of this paper is the evaluation of the energy demands of an energy self-sufficient maintenance platform at the location of Helgoland in the North Sea. In view of this, a standardized modular floater was developed as an offshore wind operation and maintenance base, which in the following paper is referred to as an O&M hub. The O&M hub is intended to be equipped with accommodation facilities and various renewable energy infrastructure as well as spare parts logistics, enabling the platform to perform maintenance of offshore gearless wind turbines with a capacity of up to 10 MW. To be energy self-sustaining, an energy supply system for the hub was developed and simulated at a resolution of ten minutes by means of the Top-Energy simulation software, a commercial software tool. As a basis for the simulation, an approach for the automated determination of flexible load profiles, in resolutions of up to ten minutes was developed. This load profile generator creates load profiles on the basis of environmental conditions, technical characteristics, and expected behaviors of the inhabitants. On the basis of the generated load profiles, a first layout (referred to as baseline scenario) for the different components of the energy system was evaluated and tested through simulation. In a second step, three optimization scenarios were developed and simulated with regards to the financial feasibility of the Energyhub.


Author(s):  
Roshamida Abd Jamil ◽  
Jean-Christophe Gilloteaux ◽  
Philippe Lelong ◽  
Aurélien Babarit

Abstract The energy ship concept has been proposed as an alternative wind power conversion system to harvest offshore wind energy. Energy ships are ships propelled by the wind and which generate electricity by means of water turbines attached underneath their hull, The generated electricity is stored on-board (batteries, hydrogen, etc.) It has been shown that energy ships deployed far-offshore in the North Atlantic Ocean may achieve capacity factors over 80% using weather-routing. The present paper complements this research by investigating the capacity factors of energy ships harvesting wind power in the near-shore. Two case studies are considered: the French islands of Saint-Pierre et-Miquelon, near Canada, and Ile de Sein, near metropolitan France. The methodology is as follows. First, the design of the energy ship considered in this study is presented. It was developed using an in-house Velocity, and Power Performance Program (VPPP) developed at LHEEA. The velocity and power production polar plots of the ship were used as input to a modified version of the weather-routing software QtVlm. This software was then used for capacity factor optimization using 10m altitude wind data analysis which was extracted from the ERA-Interim dataset provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Three years (2015, 2016, and 2017) data are considered. The results show that average capacity factors of approximately 40% and 40% can be achieved at Ile de Sein and Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon with considered energy ship design.


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