Effects of dietary shifts on the stable isotope signature of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and implications for traceability

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Natalee Kokkuar ◽  
Cui Han ◽  
Wenjing Ren ◽  
Shuanglin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Isotopic Equilibrium ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
Dietary Shifts

Because the number of mislabelled seafood products in the globalised market is increasing, there is a need for additional effective technologies to trace the origin of these products. Several issues need to be clarified regarding the δ13C and δ15N analyses used to trace seafood products in order to increase their reliability. Herein, a laboratory experiment involving dietary shifts was conducted with shrimp culture to demonstrate that dietary changes elicit isotope changes. Feeding shrimp four different food sources with different isotope values revealed a significant relationship for δ13C and δ15N values between shrimp and food sources (P<0.05). The shrimp fed different brands of commercial feed had significantly different δ15N values (P<0.05), but not the δ13C values (P>0.05) at the end of the study. However, the δ13C and δ15N values for shrimp that were fed live food were much higher than those for shrimp fed on commercial feed (P<0.05), indicating that it is more reliable to distinguish seafood products using a method with distinctively different food sources. The shrimp rapidly achieve isotopic equilibrium with their diets after 3 weeks, and, for traceability, it is recommended to sample shrimp being consistently fed with one feed for more than 3 weeks.

scholarly journals Microalgae and probiotic bacteria as biofloc inducers in a hyper-intensive Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Jiménez-Ordaz ◽  
Marco A. Cadena-Roa ◽  
Juan M. Pacheco-Vega ◽  
Maurilia Rojas-Contreras ◽  
Dariel Tovar-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Significant Difference

Biofloc systems in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) culture generate floccules that remove wastes, and hence, biofloc formation is promoted for shrimp production. This study evaluated the induction of biofloc formation using microalgae and probiotic bacteria in hyper-intensive Pacific white shrimp culture. The experiment was performed for six weeks in tanks (28,000 L each) stocked 350 ind m-3 and weight of 1400 ± 30 mg. Three treatments were assessed: 1) with two diatoms: Grammatophora sp. and Navicula sp., 2) with Navicula sp., and 3) without diatoms. All treatments were added with Schizochytrium sp. and Lactobacillus fermentum TD19. The following parameters were monitored during culture: ammonium, nitrites, nitrates, environmental variables, floccules volume, microorganism presence, the bromatological composition of biofloc, and growth performance parameters of P. vannamei. Our results indicated that the three induced biofloc presented a similar volume (8.34 ± 4.8 mL L-1) and ammonium concentration (<1.0 mg L-1). Treatment 1 generated floccules with the highest concentration of ciliates, rotifers, nematodes, lactic acid bacteria, and the lowest concentration of Vibrio spp. (1.2×103 UFC mL-1), evidencing a significant difference in bromatological composition, with the highest protein and lipid values (28.12 ± 0.50 and 22.44 ± 0.80% biofloc dry weight, respectively) and the best feed conversion ratio (0.89). Based on these results, we suggest that Schizochytrium sp., L. fermentum, and two diatoms should be used to induce biofloc in a hyper-intensive culture of P. vannmaei in order to provide a supplementary nutritional intake, which can constitute an advantage to reduce commercial feed rations.

scholarly journals Chitinilyticum aquatile gen. nov., sp. nov., a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from a freshwater pond used for Pacific white shrimp culture

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2854-2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Chen Chang ◽  
Wen-Ming Chen ◽  
Jih-Terng Wang ◽  
Ming-Chang Wu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Freshwater Pond

Strain c14T, originally isolated from surface water of a freshwater pond located in Pingtung (southern Taiwan) used for culture of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The strain exhibited strong chitinolytic activity and was able to grow under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by utilizing chitin exclusively as the carbon, nitrogen and energy source. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a clear affiliation of the proposed bacterium to the Betaproteobacteria, most closely related to Chitinibacter tainanensis S1T, Deefgea rivuli WB 3.4-79T and Silvimonas terrae KM-45T, with 94.6, 93.6 and 92.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively. The predominant fatty acids detected in cells of strain c14T were C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C15 : 0 iso 2-OH). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5 (±1.0) mol%. Biochemical, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses showed that strain c14T could not be assigned to any known genus of the Betaproteobacteria. Therefore, strain c14T is classified within a novel genus and species, for which the name Chitinilyticum aquatile gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Chitinilyticum aquatile is c14T (=LMG 23346T =BCRC 17533T).

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria reduction in the integrated culture of Pacific white shrimp and West India pointed venus in a biofloc system

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
P.C.M. Lima ◽  
◽  
M.M.S. Luna ◽  
C.V.F.S. Campos ◽  
E.P. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Growth Performances

This study aimed to evaluate the integrated culture of the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and the West Indian pointed venus (Anomalocardia flexuosa) reared in a biofloc system. The performance of both species and the phytoplankton community were evaluated. Shrimp monoculture and three stocking densities of West Indian pointed venus (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 Kg m-3) were evaluated in 0.05 m3 tanks. First of all, the addition of A. brasiliana did not affect the water quality parameters of the culture. Regarding the phytoplankton community, 13 taxa were found: 5 cyanobacteria, 4 dinoflagellates, 3 diatoms and 1 green algae. Although diatoms were dominant at the beginning of cultivation, in the middle and at the end a cyanobacterial dominance was observed (proven by ANOSIM and nMDS). The taxa that most contributed to the abundance of cyanobacteria were Aphanocapsa sp. and Pseudanabaena sp. Regarding the performance of the shrimp, all integrated treatments present the higher growth performances (final weight, yield and survival) when compared to shrimp monoculture. Moreover, gradual mortalities of A. brasiliana were observed, probably due to the high concentration of cyanobacteria. Thus, it can be observed that the integration of molluscs in shrimp culture can reduce the concentration of harmful algae and improve the zootechnical performance of the shrimp.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Budidaya Udang Vanname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Keramba Jaring Apung Laut

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Pindo Witoko ◽  
Ninik Purbosari ◽  
Nuning Mahmudah Noor
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Cage ◽  
Benefit Cost

<p>Pacific white shrimp is one of the primadona of fishery commodities. The development of Pacific white shrimp can be done by using floating net cage (FNC). Shrimp culture in sea floating net cage is the one of alternative aquaculture of environmentally friendly shrimp cultivation and potentially become applicative technology of shrimp farming in the future. The aims of this study were to know the feasibility of white shrimp culture in sea floating net cage. The study was conducted by using descriptive and analytic method with 18 pieces of cage. Analysis of the feasibility using net present Value (NPV),Internal Rate of return (IRR), Net Benefit-Cost Ratio, Gross Benefit-Cost Ratio, Payback Period (PBP), and Break Even Point (BEP). The study result show that the NPV is IDR 43,315,360.00; IRR is 21.47%; net B/C ratio is 5.11, gross B/C ratio is 3.71; PBP is 6 months and 9 days and BEP is 1,837.82 kg of shrimp biomass or IDR 147,025,891.18 of the value of sales. The final result of feasibility analysis of shrimp culture in sea floating net cage is feasible to run.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison between cultured and wild Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) vitellogenesis: next-generation sequencing and relative expression of genes directly and indirectly related to reproduction

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10694
Author(s):  
Araceli Lorena Montes-Dominguez ◽  
Jesus Arian Avena-Soto ◽  
Jorge Luis Lizarraga-Rodriguez ◽  
Rodrigo de Jesus Perez-Gala ◽  
Stephanie Jimenez-Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Maturation Stages

Shrimp fisheries are among the most important fisheries worldwide, and shrimp culture has increased considerably in recent years. Most current studies on reproduction-related genes have been conducted on cultured shrimp. However, gene expression is intimately linked to physiological and environmental conditions, and therefore an organism’s growth environment has a great influence on reproduction. Thus, gene expression profiling, should be applied in fisheries studies. Here, we identified the expression patterns of 76 reproduction-related genes in P. vannamei via the analysis of pooled transcriptomes from a time-series experiment encompassing a full circadian cycle. The expression patterns of genes associated both directly (Vtg, ODP, and ProR) and indirectly (FAMet, CruA1, and CruC1) with reproduction were evaluated, as these genes could be used as molecular markers of previtellogenic and vitellogenic maturation stages. The evaluated genes were prominently upregulated during vitellogenic stages, with specific expression patterns depending on the organism’s environment, diet, and season. Vtg, ProR, ODP, and FaMet could serve as molecular markers for both wild and cultured organisms.

Screening of bacterial strains from the gut of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and their efficiencies in improving the fermentation of soybean meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Gao ◽  
Luqing Pan ◽  
Mingzhu Zhang ◽  
Fei Huang ◽  
Mengyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Solid Liquid

ABSTRACT Microbial fermentation is an efficient, economical and eco-friendly approach to overcome the limitations in soybean meal replacement of fish meal in aquaculture. However, little research focused on the development of shrimp-derived strains for fermentation of SBM. In this study, Bacillus sanfensis (SQVG18) and Bacillus stratosphericus (SQVG22) were screened from shrimp intestine for fermentation according to the activities of protease, cellulase and phytase. The optimized fermentation conditions of SQVG18 and SQVG22 were as follow: fermentation temperature (40°C vs 35°C), fermentation time (48h both), inoculation amount [4% both (v/m)], solid-liquid ratio [1:1.2 vs 1:1 (g/ml)]. After 48 h fermentation, SQVG18 and SQVG22 increased crude protein content by 6.93% and 5.95%, respectively; degraded most of macromolecular proteins to micromolecular proteins (&lt; 20 kDa); improved amino acids profiles, like lysine and methionine in particular; significantly decreased the anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitor, glycinin and β-conglycinin (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, both strains were observed no hemolytic activity, less antibiotic resistance genes and definite inhibition to common shrimp pathogens of Vibrio alginolyticus sp. and Vibrio parahaemolyticus sp. These results indicated that both strains could improve nutrition values of soybean meal effectively and have potential applications in shrimp culture.

scholarly journals Functional Feed Assessment on Litopenaeus vannamei Using 100% Fish Meal Replacement by Soybean Meal, High Levels of Complex Carbohydrates and Bacillus Probiotic Strains

Marine Drugs ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1119-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Olmos ◽  
Leonel Ochoa ◽  
Jesus Paniagua-Michel ◽  
Rosalia Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Probiotic Strains

Functional feed supplemented with alternative-economic nutrient sources (protein, carbohydrates, lipids) and probiotics are being considered in shrimp/fish aquaculture production systems as an option to increase yield and profits and to reduce water pollution. In this study the probiotic potential to formulate functional feeds have been evaluated using four dietary treatments: Treatment 1 (B + Bs); Bacillus subtilis potential probiotic strain was supplemented to a soybeanmeal (SBM)—carbohydrates (CHO) basal feed. Treatment 2 (B + Bm); Bacillus megaterium potential probiotic strain was supplemented to the same SBM-CHO basal feed. In Treatment 3 (B); SBM-CHO basal feed was not supplemented with probiotic strains. Treatment 4 (C); fishmeal commercial feed (FM) was utilized as positive control. Feeding trials evaluated the survival, growth, and food conversion ratio and stress tolerance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) Pacific white shrimp. Best overall shrimp performance was observed for animals fed with Treatment 1 (B+Bs); additionally, stress tolerance and hemolymph metabolites also showed the best performance in this treatment. SBM-CHO basal feed not supplemented with probiotic strains (B) presented smaller growth and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR). Shrimps fed with the fishmeal commercial feed (C) presented the lowest stress tolerance to high ammonia and low oxygen levels. Specifically selected B. subtilis strains are recommended to formulate functional and economical feeds containing high levels of vegetable; protein and carbohydrates as main dietary sources in L. vannamei cultures.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Probiotics and Bioflocs on the Production Performance of Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon and Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during Polyculture Operation

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
K. Sirisha ◽  
Y. Aparna ◽  
M. Srinivasulu Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Shrimp Culture

Shrimp culture has been developed during the last three decades and the production of farmed shrimp reached its peak. However, the shrimp production was decreased all over the World including in Asian Countries because of the mass mortality due to the outbreak of several diseases predominantly White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) which caused extensive economic damage to the shrimp culture industry. Various Polyculture technologies of shrimp with shellfish, finfish or seaweeds have been implemented to reduce economic damages by mass mortality of shrimp. The present study was conducted with Tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon and Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei through Polyculture operation to determine optimum stocking ratios for induction of best performance and highest production rates. Initially, the experiments were conducted with different ratios and combinations of stocking densities 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 ratios of Penaeus monodon and Litopenaeus vannamei with control group feed with commercial feed, the other group certain Probiotic bacteria such as Bacillus licheniformis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus added in feed, the third group both the Probiotic bacteria and the addition of external Carbon source from sugarcane molasses in the form of Bioflocs for 100 days. To ascertain further interaction of ratios influence, 20:10, 20:12, 20:15 ratios of stocking and Monoculture experiments were conducted. In both the experiments the Survival rate, Final body weights, Weight Gain, Feed conversion ratio, Specific growth rates, Average daily growth rates, Protein efficiency ratio, and Productivity rates were significantly different (P<0.05) in all the different treatments both for P. monodon and L. vannamei. From the results obtained 20:10 ratio of P. monodon and L. vannamei was considered as the best ratio of stocking, which yielded the highest production rates in all the Control, Probiotic added and both Probiotic & Biofloc added groups. The results obtained in the present study clearly demonstrate that the rearing of taxonomically similar species with optimum stocking ratios seems to improve the efficiency of shrimp farming and substantially increasing the production rates. So, this polyculture of P. monodon and L. vannamei can be considered as an alternative approach towards the establishment of sustainable shrimp farming activity which will yield good economic returns.

scholarly journals Effect of isolated bacteria and microalgae on the biofloc characteristics in the Pacific white shrimp culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Pacheco-Vega ◽  
Marco A. Cadena-Roa ◽  
Jesús A. Leyva-Flores ◽  
O. Iram Zavala-Leal ◽  
Elizabeth Pérez-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
The Pacific

scholarly journals Organic carbon source and C/N ratio affect inorganic nitrogen profile in the biofloc-based culture media of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanif Azhar ◽  
Eddy Supriyono ◽  
Kukuh Nirmala ◽  
Julie Ekasari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Biofloc Technology ◽  
Organic Carbon Source

Organic carbon source and C/N ratio play an important role in aquaculture system with biofloc technology application. Nitrogen control by adding carbohydrates to the water to stimulate heterotrophic bacterial growth by converting nitrogen into bacterial biomass. The study investigated the effect molasses, tapioca, tapioca by product and rice bran as carbon sources in a biofloc media at three different C/N ratios i.e. 10, 15, and 20 on total ammonia reduction in biofloc media. Five liters of biofloc media in a conical tank was prepared for each replicate, which consisted of 500 mL of biofloc suspension collected from a shrimp culture unit with biofloc technology application and 4.5 L seawater. Pacific white shrimp culture was performed in 40L glass aquaria at a shrimp density of 30/aquarium. There was a significant interaction between carbon source and the C/N ratio applied (P<0.05). The use of molasses resulted in the highest reduction rate irrespective to the C/N ratio. Keywords: molasses, tapioca, tapioca by product, rice bran, biofloc, total ammonia nitrogen

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