Age, growth and condition of the Perth herring, Nematolosa vlaminghi (Munro) (Dorosomatinae), in the Swan Estuary, south-western Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
CF Chubb ◽  
IC Potter
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Beach Seine ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Bertalanffy Growth Equation ◽  
First Year Of Life

The size, age and condition of Perth herring, N. vlaminghi, in the Swan Estuary in south-western Australia, were investigated between February 1977 and January 1980 using samples collected by beach seine and gill net. An examination of scale annuli showed that the population consisted predominantly of age classes 0+ to 4 +. By the end of their first year of life, Perth herring had reached mean lengths of 105 mm (= 9.8 g) in 1977, 105 mm (= 10.0 g) in 1978, and 95 mm (= 7.9 g) in 1979. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was calculated to be Lt = 381{1 -exp[- O.17(t + 0.6S)]}. During winter, the growth rate declined markedly and the mean condition factor fell to its lowest level. Perth herring started to make a major contribution to the important commercial fishery for this species during their third year of life.

scholarly journals Growth parameters of Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur, 1821) (Actinopterygii, Poeciilidae) – an introduced species in brackish water of Wadi Al-Bahayes (Oman)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-277
Author(s):  
Salim Serkan Güçlü ◽  
Saud M. Al Jufaili ◽  
Laith A. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Poecilia Latipinna ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Bertalanffy Growth Equation

Abstract This work is one of the first studies on the growth of Poecilia latipinna outside its natural habitat. The objective of our study was to investigate the growth parameters of the population of P. latipinna, which is an alien species in Oman (Wadi Al-Bahayes). The population structure of P. latipinna in Wadi Al-Bahayes (Oman; 23°40′47″N; 58°11′36″E) was studied in June and August 2020, using 124 fish. In the course of this study, the number of individuals of each sex, age, weight and size composition were determined. In addition, the total length–weight relationship (LRW) was calculated, as well as the von Bertalanffy growth equation. The mean growth performance (phi prime) and the condition factor were calculated. Males accounted for 37.10% and females for 62.90% of the population. The length–weight relationship and the von Bertalanffy growth equation were W = 0.0214 × L 2.7889 R2 = 0.9212, Lt = 11.46 (1 − e −0.127 (t + 2.71)) for males and Lt = 14.51 (1 − e−0.072 (t + 3.98)) for females. The mean growth performance and the condition factor were calculated as 1.22 for males and 1.18 for females and 1.54 for all specimens. The study shows that the population of the species is characterized by a wide age range. Consequently, monitoring of this alien species is highly recommended.

scholarly journals Several Growth Characteristics of an Invasive Cyprinid Fish (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sait BULUT ◽  
Ramazan MERT ◽  
Beklan ALGAN ◽  
Musa ÖZBEK ◽  
Bülent ÜNAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Gibel Carp ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Von Bertalanffy ◽  
Age Composition ◽  
Carassius Gibelio ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Bertalanffy Growth Equation ◽  
Index Value

Age composition, length-weight relationships, growth, and condition factors of the gibel carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782) were determined using specimens collected from Seyitler Reservoir between July 2005 to June 2006. A total of 149 gibel carp were observed and examined. The age composition of the samples ranged between I and VII years of age. It has been determined than 82.55% of the obtained samples are comprised of females, 16.11% is comprised of males and 1.34% is comprised of immature. The population is dominated by females able to reproduce gynogenetically. The mean fork lengths and mean weights of the population were 14.8-32.5 cm and 43.1-807.3 g respectively. The length-weight relation were calculated as W = 0.0696 L2.132, r=0.838 for females, for males W = 0.2942 L2.6417 r=0.784 and W = 0.0274 L2.9382, r=0.813 for all samples. The mean Fulton Condition Factor was calculated as 2.342 for females, 2.064 for males and 2.276 for all samples. Age-length and age-weight relations were determined according to von Bertalanffy growth equation formula. Growth parameters of the population were Lt = 48.09 [1-e-0.093(t+0.29)], and Wt=2323.62 [1-e-0.093(t+0.29)]2.9382. The growth performance index value (Ø´) was computed as 5.37 for all specimens.

scholarly journals Higher Ultraviolet Radiation During Early Life Reduces Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Boys

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Miller
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
First Year ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
First Year Of Life

IntroductionThere is increasing evidence that environmental exposures may be important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is of interest in relation to the development of T1D because of its immunoregulatory actions. Ecological studies testing the correlation between levels of UVR and T1D have shown a significant inverse relationship for both incidence and prevalence. Objectives and Approach We used large linked datasets to test ambient UVR during early life against T1D risk at the individual level. We conducted a nested case-control study using linked data from state-wide administrative datasets and NASA satellites. Cases (n=1819) were all children born in Western Australia from 1980-2014 with a diagnosis of T1D on the population-based Western Australian Children’s Diabetes Database between 0-16 years of age. Controls (n=27 259) were randomly selected from all live births in Western Australia and matched to cases on sex and date of birth. Daily UVR data from NASA satellites, that were date-and location-specific for each individual, were used to estimate total UVR dose for each trimester of pregnancy and the first year of life. ResultsConditional logistic regression showed that T1D risk was 44% lower in boys of mothers with UVR levels in the highest quartile (compared to the lowest quartile) during their third trimester of pregnancy (p=0.04). Higher UVR in the first year of life was also associated with a significantly lower risk of T1D in later childhood among boys. Among girls, there was no evidence of an association between total UVR dose and T1D risk. ConclusionHigher UVR in the third trimester and first year of life appears to interact with sex-specific factors to lower T1D risk among boys (but not girls) in Western Australia.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in a Twin: A Comparison of Sibling Histories

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
A. Kahn ◽  
D. Blum ◽  
M. F. Muller ◽  
L. Montauk ◽  
A. Bochner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Clinical Risk Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
First Year ◽  
Control Infant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life

To determine possible characteristics of infant victims of sudden death, we examined 114 items related to the pre- and postnatal histories of 42 pairs of twins one of whom died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) leaving a surviving sibling. Interviews with the parents were conducted after the occurrence of SIDS, and the data were checked with records held by gynecologists and pediatricians. To evaluate the specificity of any factors, we studied a control group of 42 age- and sex-matched pairs of twins, both of whom survived the first year of life. Only 11 of 114 characteristics were significantly related to SIDS: future victims had a smaller weight and height at birth, stayed longer in the nursery, and followed a moving object with their eyes, had head control, and smiled at a later age than their surviving siblings. They also fatigued more often during feeding (11/42) and had reduced arm and neck tonus (9/42). They were described as longer sleepers than their surviving siblings. During sleep, some SIDS twins, but no surviving twin, were found to be cyanotic at least once or pale (4/42) and were repeatedly covered with abundant sweat (8/42). In the control group of normal twins, the occurrence of most of these characteristics was found with a frequency comparable to that seen in the SIDS infants; the specificity of these characteristics is thus considered doubtful. The mean birth weight and height were significantly greater in the control group, and no control infant had an episode of cyanosis or pallor or repeated episodes of profuse sweating observed during their sleep. It is concluded that, if further research validates the occurrence of night hyperhydrosis in some future SIDS victims, this symptom could be a clinical risk factor.

Development of Blue-Yellow and Red-Green Discriminations in Infants during the First Year of Life

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 235-235
Author(s):  
L I Leushina ◽  
V M Bondarko ◽  
A A Nevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Colour Discrimination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life

Colour discrimination was investigated in infants aged 4 – 14 months. 250 healthy subjects and 80 subjects with slight defects in basic visual functions (the risk group) participated. A coloured toy was moved in front of the subject and disappeared behind a screen, reappearing after 2 – 3 s at the other side. Sometimes when the toy was hidden, the experimenter replaced it with another one that differed only in colour: yellow was replaced by blue or vice versa (Y/B switch), or red by green or vice versa (R/G switch). The form and size of the toy remained constant. The emotional reaction of surprise showed whether the infant discriminated these colour pairs. The brightness of the stimuli was slightly varied make sure that the infant reacted to the change in colour rather than brightness. About 75% of healthy 4 – 5-month-olds showed good expressive reactions to the Y/B switch, and practically all children did so at 7 – 8 months. The discrimination of red and green develops more slowly: only at 12 months did practically all children show good reactions to the R/G switch. In all children, Y/B discrimination preceded R/G discrimination. The mean difference between the numbers of children discriminating these two pairs was 7.6%. The infants of the risk group were as good as their healthy age-mates in Y/B discrimination, but performed significantly less well on R/G: the mean difference between the numbers discriminating the former but not the latter was 17.0%. Possible reasons for the retardation of chromatic discrimination in the risk group are discussed.

scholarly journals Early Introduction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Caries Trajectories from Age 12 to 48 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bernabé ◽  
H. Ballantyne ◽  
C. Longbottom ◽  
N.B. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Over Time

Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life) and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total). SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17 between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries. They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.

Studies on the breeding season of Icelandic ewes and ewe lambs

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ø. R. Dýrmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Breeding Activity ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Considerable Individual Variation ◽  
A Minor ◽  
First Year Of Life

SummaryThe paper reports on a study, conducted in four successive seasons, of sexual development and breeding activity in females of the Iceland breed, the only breed of sheep kept in the country. The ewe lambs normally attained puberty in their first year of life, on average at 7 months of age, with marked individual variation in both age and body weight at first oestrus. Ewe lambs always showed oestrus on average slightly later than mature ewes (2–9 years), the mean date of onset of the breeding season of the latter being 8 December, however, with considerable individual variation. Furthermore, ewe lambs had a shorter breeding season (1–4 months) than ewes (4–6 months) and they appeared to experience more silent heats resulting in less regular cyclic activity. There seemed to be a minor increase in the duration of the oestrous cycle with age and ewe lambs clearly exhibited shorter oestrus (heat) than ewes. With seasonal breeding activity ranging from November to May the mid-breeding season occurs some 4–7 weeks after the shortest day.

Diet and condition of bobcats, Lynx rufus, in Nova Scotia during autumn and winter

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Matlack ◽  
Alison J. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Lynx Rufus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Hare Population

A study was conducted from 1980 to 1982 on the diet and condition of bobcats, Lynx rufus, in the province of Nova Scotia. Skinned carcasses were provided by trappers, hunters, fur buyers, and taxidermists. The autumn–winter diet was determined from analysis of 1099 stomachs. Canine teeth were sectioned and aged to group the bobcats into three age-classes: juvenile, yearling, and adult. Snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus, occurred most frequently as a prey item, followed by white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virgìnianus, and small mammals. The mean weights of hare and deer consumed per feeding were similar. Male bobcats consumed deer more frequently and in larger quantities than did females. Adults consumed deer more frequently and in larger quantities than did juveniles. Bobcats harvested in the first year of the study (1980–1981) consumed deer more frequently than did those harvested in the second year (1981–1982), while hare population levels were found to be lower in the first year than in the second. A condition index was developed by dividing the sum of the weights of mesenteric, kidney, and sternum fat by the weight of the skinned carcass. The groups (males, adults, and specimens harvested in 1980–1981) that more frequently consumed deer were found to be in the best condition.

scholarly journals Biological Characteristics of European Perch (Perca fluviatilis L., 1758) Inhabiting Lake Ladik (Samsun, Turkey)

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Saygin ◽  
Savas Yilmaz ◽  
Okan Yazicioglu ◽  
Nazmi Polat
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
European Perch ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
Perch Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Von Bertalanffy Growth Equation

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the growth features of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L., 1758) inhabiting Lake Ladik. A total of 858 individuals were caught. The total length and weight ranged from 8.2 to 27.5 cm and from 7.16 to 365.20 g, respectively. The age of the females ranged between 1 and 7 years and the age of the males ranged from 1 to 5 years. The female to male ratio was 1:0.19. The von Bertalanffy growth equation parameters were determined as L∞=41.27 cm, W∞=1251.40 g, K=0.10 (year−1), t0 (year)=−1.98 for all samples. Length-weight relationship was calculated as W=0.0047TL3.358 for all specimens. Length-length relationships (total length-standard length, total length-fork length, standard length-fork length) were highly significant (r2>0.98). The mean condition factor value was obtained as 1.28 for all fish. Condition factor showed statistically significant increase according to length classes.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in Children Despite Correctly Applied Rickets Prophylaxis

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 4332-4335
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Year ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life

Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and for maintaining bone health in the pediatric population. We conducted a retrospective study to establish the profile of a child aged under 3 years old with vitamin D deficiency in the context of correct prophylaxis, on a cohort of 49 children from two general practitioner offices. From the study group 30.6% of children (15 cases) had low vitamin D levels. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was 41.5±16.6 ng/ml. Regarding nutrition in the first year of life, breastfeeding predominated (83.7% of patients), and only 8.16% of patients had clinical signs of rickets. So, low serum levels of vitamin D can also be found in children who have successfully received correct prophylaxis with vitamin D. Keywords: vitamin D, children, rickets

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