scholarly journals Preserving Wildlife: An International Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Nadia Elizabeth Tapp
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Sport Hunting ◽  
Selection Of

PRESERVING Wildlife: An International Perspective is an anthology of twenty papers exploring the issues related to the preservation of wildlife, with an emphasis on related management approaches. This topic is introduced philosophically with a discussion of moral values associated with human activities. Sport hunting, the medical aid of injured wild animals and the manipulation of wildlife during ecological field studies are discussed within this context. The focus then shifts to a selection of wildlife management strategies including habitat protection, captive breeding, culling of non-native species, eco-tourism and marketing of wildlife products.

Managing Alien Plants for Biodiversity Outcomes—the Need for Triage

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul O. Downey ◽  
Moira C. Williams ◽  
Leonie K. Whiffen ◽  
Bruce A. Auld ◽  
Mark A. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Triage System

AbstractRecognition that alien plants pose a significant threat to biodiversity has not always translated into effective management strategies, policy reforms, and systems to establish priorities. Thus, many alien plant management decisions for the protection of biodiversity occur with limited knowledge of what needs to be protected (other than biodiversity in a generalized sense) or the urgency of actions. To rectify this, we have developed a triage system that enables alien plant management decisions to be made based on (1) the urgency of control relative to the degree of threat posed to biodiversity, compared with (2) the likelihood of achieving a successful conservation outcome as a result of alien plant control. This triage system is underpinned by a two-step approach, which identifies the biodiversity at risk and assesses sites to determine priorities for control. This triage system was initially developed to manage the threat posed by bitou bush to native species in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. It has subsequently been improved with the national assessment of lantana in Australia, and the adaptation from a single to multiple alien plant species approach on a regional scale. This triage system identifies nine levels of priority for alien plant management aimed at biodiversity conservation, ranging from immediate, targeted action to limited or no action. The development of this approach has enabled long-term management priorities to be set for widespread alien plants that are unlikely to be eradicated. It also enables control to occur in a coordinated manner for biodiversity conservation at a landscape scale, rather than as a series of individual unconnected short-term actions.

Genetic pollution of native eucalypt gene pools—identifying the risks

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Potts ◽  
R. C. Barbour ◽  
A. B. Hingston ◽  
R. E. Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Genetic Pollution ◽  
Plantation Species ◽  
Eucalypt Woodlands

The contamination of native-eucalypt gene pools via exotic pollen is of concern as (i) pollen dispersal is believed to be much more widespread than seed dispersal, (ii) reproductive barriers are often weak between closely related species, (iii) European settlement has already had a major impact on Australia's eucalypt woodlands and mallee, (iv) there has been a rapid expansion of eucalypt plantations and restoration plantings in Australia and (v) Australia is the custodian of an internationally important genetic resource. Pollen flow between plantation and native eucalypt species has already been reported and implementation of strategies to minimise the risk and consequences of genetic pollution is important if Australian forestry is to be considered sustainable. The risks associated with the introduction of non-native species, provenances and hybrids include direct effects on the gene pool through genetic pollution as well as indirect effects on dependent biodiversity. In many cases, the risk of genetic pollution will be small due to strong barriers to hybridisation between distantly related species, differences in flowering time or poor fitness of hybrids. There is no risk of hybridisation between species from the different major eucalypt genera and/or subgenera (e.g. symphyomyrts, monocalypts, eudesmids, bloodwoods and angophora). The main plantation species are symphyomyrts and within this subgenus, the probability of successful hybridisation generally decreases with increasing taxonomic distance between species. The planting of non-local provenances or improved material within the range of native populations has the potential to have an impact on local gene pools to varying degrees, indicating the requirement for the adoption of management strategies to reduce this risk. Naturally small or remnant populations are at particular risk. A framework for assessment of the risk of genetic pollution is developed herein.

Chronic Urticaria: A Canadian Perspective on Patterns and Practical Management Strategies

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasdeep K. Sharma ◽  
Robert Miller ◽  
Scott Murray
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Urticaria ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Allergy Test ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Chronic urticaria is a common condition and is a source of great frustration to patients. It has been suggested that there may be differences among physicians in their approach to this common clinical entity. Objective and Method: A questionnaire was distributed Canada-wide to allergists, dermatologists, and a selection of practitioners with an interest in alternative medicine. The survey included questions on demographics, epidemiology, causative factors, diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies, follow-up advice, and efficacy of therapies, with emphasis on personal experience. Results: The response rates of allergists and dermatologists were 31% and 36%, respectively. There was wide representation from all regions of Canada and from physicians from all age groups, both genders, different types of practice, and years in practice. The reported incidence per month was 13 and 4 patients for allergists and dermatologists, respectively. The prevalence was 199 and 44 patients by allergists and dermatologists, respectively. Comparison of causative factors showed differences in the experiences of the two groups. Diagnostic investigations were requested in a similar pattern with respect to timing. The specific tests ordered by the groups showing statistical difference were complete blood count (CBC), differential, C4 complement, antinuclear antibodies, and IgE antibody assay. Allergists chose the skin prick test (100%) as the most important allergy test. Dermatologists ranked skin prick (50%), radioallergosorbent test (RAST) (20%), and skin patch (30%) as the most important tests. The top six choices of pharmaceutical therapies chosen by the groups were similar, but in a slightly different order. The responders ranked their personal selection of antihistamines according to effectiveness. Hydroxyzine (Atarax®) and cetirizine (Reactine®, Allegra®) were selected as first and second most effective agents by both groups. The results also show effective experience by both groups with nonsedating and sedating antihistamines. Also, doxepin, ketotifen, and cimetidine are used frequently by both groups. The experience of dermatologists in Canada with respect to other modalities including psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy, danazol, chelation, calcium channel blockers, and acyclovir is limited and efficacy is ranked either neutral or ineffective. Allergists reported even less experience with these therapies. Conclusion: Allergists and dermatologists across Canada show interesting similarities and differences in their practical approach to the management of chronic urticaria. With the sharing of this information, these two specialties will be better equipped to effectively manage patients suffering from chronic urticaria.

scholarly journals Placenta accreta spectrum disorders—experience of management in a German tertiary perinatal centre

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Bluth ◽  
Axel Schindelhauer ◽  
Katharina Nitzsche ◽  
Pauline Wimberger ◽  
Cahit Birdir
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Placenta Accreta ◽  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Placenta Accreta Spectrum ◽  
Management Approaches

Abstract Purpose Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders can cause major intrapartum haemorrhage. The optimal management approach is not yet defined. We analysed available cases from a tertiary perinatal centre to compare the outcome of different individual management strategies. Methods A monocentric retrospective analysis was performed in patients with clinically confirmed diagnosis of PAS between 07/2012 and 12/2019. Electronic patient and ultrasound databases were examined for perinatal findings, peripartum morbidity including blood loss and management approaches such as (1) vaginal delivery and curettage, (2) caesarean section with placental removal versus left in situ and (3) planned, immediate or delayed hysterectomy. Results 46 cases were identified with an incidence of 2.49 per 1000 births. Median diagnosis of placenta accreta (56%), increta (39%) or percreta (4%) was made in 35 weeks of gestation. Prenatal detection rate was 33% for all cases and 78% for placenta increta. 33% showed an association with placenta praevia, 41% with previous caesarean section and 52% with previous curettage. Caesarean section rate was 65% and hysterectomy rate 39%. In 9% of the cases, the placenta primarily remained in situ. 54% of patients required blood transfusion. Blood loss did not differ between cases with versus without prenatal diagnosis (p = 0.327). In known cases, an attempt to remove the placenta did not show impact on blood loss (p = 0.417). Conclusion PAS should be managed in an optimal setting and with a well-coordinated team. Experience with different approaches should be proven in prospective multicentre studies to prepare recommendations for expected and unexpected need for management.

scholarly journals Interactions of Nitrogen Source and Rate and Weed Removal Timing Relative to Nitrogen Content in Corn and Weeds and Corn Grain Yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Knight ◽  
Wesley J. Everman ◽  
David L. Jordan ◽  
Ronnie W. Heiniger ◽  
T. Jot Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

Adequate fertility combined with effective weed management is important in maximizing corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield. Corn uptake of nitrogen (N) is dependent upon many factors including weed species and density and the rate and formulation of applied N fertilizer. Understanding interactions among corn, applied N, and weeds is important in developing management strategies. Field studies were conducted in North Carolina to compare corn and weed responses to urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), and composted poultry litter (CPL) when a mixture of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) was removed with herbicides at heights of 8 or 16 cm. These respective removal timings corresponded with 22 and 28 days after corn planting or V2 and V3 stages of growth, respectively. Differences in N content in above-ground biomass of corn were noted early in the season due to weed interference but did not translate into differences in corn grain yield. Interactions of N source and N rate were noted for corn grain yield but these factors did not interact with timing of weed control. These results underscore that timely implementation of control tactics regardless of N fertility management is important to protect corn grain yield.

scholarly journals Artelleet al. (2018) miss the science underlying North American wildlife management

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. eaat8281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Mawdsley ◽  
John F. Organ ◽  
Daniel J. Decker ◽  
Ann B. Forstchen ◽  
Ronald J. Regan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
North American ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Internet Searches ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Desk Review ◽  
Selection Of

Artelleet al. (2018) conclude that “hallmarks of science” are largely missing from North American wildlife management based on a desk review of selected hunting management plans and related documents found through Internet searches and email requests to state and provincial wildlife agencies. We highlight three fundamental problems that compromise the validity of the conclusions posited: missing information to support selection of “hallmarks of science,” confusion about the roles and nature of science and management, and failure to engage effectively with the scientists and managers actively managing wildlife populations in North America.

scholarly journals Efficient Node and Sensed Module Management for Multisensory Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Feng ◽  
Xiaozhu Shi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Node Selection ◽  
Information Utility ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Selection Of

In target tracking wireless sensor networks, choosing a part of sensor nodes to execute tracking tasks and letting the other nodes sleep to save energy are efficient node management strategies. However, at present more and more sensor nodes carry many different types of sensed modules, and the existing researches on node selection are mainly focused on sensor nodes with a single sensed module. Few works involved the management and selection of the sensed modules for sensor nodes which have several multi-mode sensed modules. This work proposes an efficient node and sensed module management strategy, called ENSMM, for multisensory WSNs (wireless sensor networks). ENSMM considers not only node selection, but also the selection of the sensed modules for each node, and then the power management of sensor nodes is performed according to the selection results. Moreover, a joint weighted information utility measurement is proposed to estimate the information utility of the multiple sensed modules in the different nodes. Through extensive and realistic experiments, the results show that, ENSMM outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches by decreasing the energy consumption and prolonging the network lifetime. Meanwhile, it reduces the computational complexity with guaranteeing the tracking accuracy.

scholarly journals Fungicide resistance characterised across seven chemical classes in a Botrytis cinerea population isolated from Australian vineyards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln A. Harper ◽  
Scott Paton ◽  
Barbara Hall ◽  
Suzanne McKay ◽  
Richard P. Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Chemical Groups ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractGray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is an economically important disease of grapes in Australia and across grape growing regions worldwide. Control of this disease relies heavily on canopy management and the application of single site fungicides. Fungicide application can lead to the selection of fungicide resistant B. cinerea populations, which has an adverse effect on the chemical control of the disease. Characterising the distribution and severity of resistant B. cinerea populations is needed to inform resistance management strategies. In this study, 725 isolates were sampled from 75 Australian vineyards during 2013 – 2016 and were screened against seven fungicides with different MOAs. The resistance frequencies for azoxystrobin, boscalid, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil and tebuconazole were 5, 2.8, 2.1, 6.2, 11.6, 7.7 and 2.9% respectively. Nearly half of the resistant isolates (43.7%) were resistant to more than one of the fungicides tested. The frequency of vineyards with at least one isolate simultaneously resistant to 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 fungicides was 19.5, 7.8, 6.5, 10.4 and 2.6%.Resistance was associated with previously published genotypes in CytB (G143A), SdhB (H272R/Y), Erg27 (F412S), Mrr1 (D354Y), Os1 (I365S, N373S + Q369P, I365S + D757N) and Pos5 (P319A, L412F). Expression analysis was used to characterise fludioxonil resistant isolates exhibiting overexpression (6.3 - 9.6-fold) of the ABC transporter encoded by AtrB (MDR1 phenotype). Novel genotypes were also described in Mrr1 (S611N, D616G) and Cyp51 (P357S). Resistance frequencies were lower when compared to most previously published surveys of both grape and non-grape B. cinerea resistance. Nonetheless, continued monitoring of critical chemical groups used in Australian vineyards is recommended.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Prey Preference and Selection of the Giant Gartersnake: A Threatened Predator in a Nonnative Prey-Dominated Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-173
Author(s):  
Julia S.M. Ersan ◽  
Brian J. Halstead ◽  
Erica L. Wildy ◽  
Michael L. Casazza ◽  
Glenn D. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Prey Preference ◽  
Live Prey ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Behavioral Trials ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The introduction of exotic species into an environment can introduce great change in the trophic dynamics of native species. This is of even greater concern if the native species is of conservation concern. The giant gartersnake, Thamnophis gigas, an endemic predator of the Central Valley of California and a species of conservation concern at the state and federal levels, has declined as a result of conversion of its once vast wetland habitat to agriculture. Another anthropogenic factor contributing to this snake's changing ecology is the introduction of nonnative prey into the species' habitats. These introductions have resulted in a prey community that is almost completely composed of exotic species and have potential for considerable effects. In order to assess prey preference and selection we performed three sets of behavioral trials on naïve neonates. We examined 1) neonate prey preference in response to olfactory cues of prepared prey extracts, 2) neonate consumption of different live prey items presented simultaneously; and 3) terrestrial feeding behavior and/or latency to successful attack. Results from the olfactory study suggest that native Sierran treefrogs, Pseudacris sierra, are preferred by neonates. Results from consumption trials suggest that neonates are more likely to select frog species than fish species. This is the first study that we are aware of that examines prey selection of this threatened species and serves to inform its conservation and management.

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