Introducing the D4 Diagnostic Quadrant as a targeting tool: developing a framework for the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS interventions in Tanzania and beyond

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Andre M. N. Renzaho ◽  
Matthew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Risky Sexual Practices ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Hiv Aids

The current study develops and evaluates a tool to distinguish four different categories of educators for the effective delivery of HIV/AIDS health education using data from 548 randomly selected participants aged 16 years. The D4 Diagnostic Quadrant is based on HIV knowledge and sexual practice behaviours and indicates four distinct typologies of educator. The discerning educator has high HIV/AIDS knowledge and healthy sexual practices. The dissolute educator has high HIV/AIDS knowledge but employs unhealthy or risky sexual practices. The decorous educator has low HIV/AIDS knowledge but practices healthy sexual practices. The disempowered educator has low HIV/AIDS knowledge and employs unhealthy or risky sexual practices. The study found that the two categories that will result in the most effective behaviour-change interventions are those that target ‘discerning’ and ‘decorous’ individuals as the educators. Both these categories have underlying healthy practices that minimise the risk of HIV transmission. The D4 Diagnostic Quadrant tool provides information as to existing knowledge and beliefs about HIV/AIDS that can inform decisions relating to the allocation of scarce resources. The tool will be very useful in the selection process of would-be educators particularly in health-promotion interventions.

HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Among Late Adolescents in Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Ganga Mahat ◽  
Geeta Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Aids

The purpose of this study was to explore HIV/AIDS knowledge and self-efficacy for limiting sexual risk behavior in Nepalese late adolescents attending college. A convenience sample of 229 baccalaureate college students completed three instruments: demographic, HIV/AIDS knowledge questions and the self-efficacy for limiting sexual risk behavior questions. The findings of this study showed that Nepalese youth had moderate HIV/AIDS knowledge and a moderate level of self-efficacy. However, they lacked knowledge in certain aspects of HIV transmission. HIV/AIDS knowledge was strongly correlated with self-efficacy for limiting sexual risk behavior. There was no statistical difference in HIV/AIDS knowledge and self-efficacy by gender. However, when each self-efficacy item was analyzed by gender, there were significant differences in a few items by gender. ANOVA analysis showed no significant differences on HIV/AIDS knowledge and self-efficacy by the level of education. The findings of this study indicate that there is a need for developing school-based and/or community-based programs that will increase HIV/AIDS awareness among youth and help them develop decision making and communication skills. It is also important to look at the school and college curricula and integrate more HIV/AIDS information in the curriculum.

scholarly journals Adaptation and Validation of The HIV-Kq-18 HIV Knowledge Questionnaire for Healthy Indonesian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bustanul Arifin ◽  
M. Rifqi Rokhman ◽  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain ◽  
Dyah Aryani Perwitasari ◽  
Marianti Manggau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Adaptation Phase ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Indonesia does not have a validated instrument to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge. The HIV-KQ-18 is one of the most extensively used instruments for assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge, and it has been translated into various languages throughout the world. This paper describes the process of adapting and validating the HIV-KQ-18, an instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge.Methods: In the adaptation phase, feedback for the initial Bahasa Indonesia version was gathered from two HIV activists, an obstetrician, two general practitioners, and 60 pilot participants from the physician. Additional descriptions (namely synonyms or examples) were added to the particular terms in the 6 items to make it more understandable.Results: In the validation phase 1,249 participants were recruited. The online link of HIV-KQ-18 Bahasa Indonesia was distributed to participants from six major regions in Indonesia. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha, while construct validity was determined using factor analysis. Based on visual observation of the scree tree in the factor analysis, one factor was preferable. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.82.Conclusion: Therefore, HIV-KQ-18 Bahasa Indonesia is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge in Indonesia.

HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE, WOMEN’S EDUCATION, EPIDEMIC SEVERITY AND PROTECTIVE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANA SNELLING ◽  
D. WALTER RASUGU OMARIBA ◽  
SUNGJIN HONG ◽  
KATHOLIKI GEORGIADES ◽  
YVONNE RACINE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Protective Behaviour ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Low And Middle Income ◽  
Hiv Aids

Summary.A fundamental public health strategy to reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS is to increase levels of awareness and knowledge about the disease. Although knowledge about HIV/AIDS and protective sexual behaviour are linked theoretically, relatively little is known about their empirical relationship. Using Demographic and Health Survey data from 23 low- and middle-income countries, this study used multilevel logistic regression models: to examine cross-national variability in the relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge and protective behaviour (condom use and restricted sex); to investigate the moderating influences of women’s educational attainment on this relationship; and to test the extent to which severity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic accounts for cross-national variability in the association between HIV/AIDS knowledge and protective behaviour. There was an association between increased knowledge of HIV/AIDS and condom use that varied in strength and form cross-nationally. This cross-national variation was accounted for partially by the socioeconomic characteristics of women resident in the study countries and between-country differences in the severity of the HIV epidemic. While education modified the association between HIV/AIDS knowledge and protective behaviour – stronger associations at lower levels of education – epidemic severity exerted a stronger influence on behaviour than any other characteristic. Finally, this study indicates that protective sexual practices are disturbingly low. In eight of 23 countries, overall levels of condom use to prevent STDs and HIV/AIDS were less than 5·0%. Waiting for the spread of HIV/AIDS infection to change sexual practices in low- and middle-income countries will result in dramatic unnecessary suffering.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Beliefs Among Haitian Adolescents in Miami-Dade County, Florida

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Herns Marcelin ◽  
H. Virginia McCoy ◽  
Ralph J. DiClemente
Keyword(s):  
Dade County ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Haitian Adolescents ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals Determinants and Distribution of Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Knowledge in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ama P. Fenny ◽  
Aba O. Crentsil ◽  
Derek Asuman
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Aids

Globally, nearly 37 million people are living with HIV with about 70 percent of these living in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Stigma and discrimination remain one of the major barriers to preventing new infections in the country. However, misconceptions about HIV/AIDS have been indicated as one of the key drivers of the disease. Efforts to prevent new infections have not been entirely successful. Therefore, this study aims to examine the trends and distribution in comprehensive knowledge of HIV and AIDS and determine the factors associated with comprehensive awareness of HIV and AIDS among adult women and men. The study relies on data from three rounds of Ghana Demographic & Health Surveys conducted in 2003, 2008 and 2014 to show trends. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. The thematic mapping of HI/AIDS comprehensive knowledge was conducted using ArcGIS version 10.4 using GPS coordinates in the 2014 GDHS which contained aggregated individual characteristics and HIV knowledge scores.While comprehensive HIV and AIDS knowledge is above 50% among adult population in Ghana, the results show a significant decrease in comprehensive knowledge from 72% in 2008 to 59% in 2013. The strongest predictors for having comprehensive knowledge were found to be education; gender, marital status, locality, occupation and wealth status. The paper demonstrates that preventive activities leading to improvement in the comprehensive knowledge of HIV and AIDS in Ghana is needed. Sound knowledge about HIV and AIDS is critical for the adoption of behaviours that reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Education on HIV prevention must be expanded to improve the comprehensive knowledge of the disease.

scholarly journals Effects of Peer and Provider-Based Education Interventions on HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Behaviour-Risk among in-School Adolescents in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-114
Author(s):  
A. F. Chizoba ◽  
H. N. Chineke ◽  
P. O. U. Adogu ◽  
A. E. Nwafia ◽  
C. J. Chizoba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Health Provider ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Hiv Education ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Adolescents and youths are at high risk due to knowledge gap and behaviour risks related to HIV/AIDS thus need for intervention programs. There is paucity of data on comparative analysis on effect of the education intervention models such as peer-based and provider-based models. This study assessed the effect of peer and provider-based HIV/AIDS education on HIV knowledge and behaviour risk among adolescents and youths in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This study involved 2 intervention groups (peer-based and health provider-based) and 1 control group. Multistage sampling was used to select participants. HIV education was provided by peers and health providers in the two intervention groups, but hygiene education was given to the control group. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires were deployed to assess baseline and effect of intervention on HIV/AIDS knowledge and behaviour risk. Total participants were 1831 shared among the 3 groups. Result: Total baseline mean knowledge score was 48.8 and behaviour risk was 42.3. Within the intervention groups, significant changes were recorded in terms of knowledge gain and behaviour risk reduction post-intervention (p<0.05). No change was observed in control group. Provider-based group had higher knowledge gain and better behaviour risk reduction than peer-based group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Baseline HIV knowledge among adolescents and youths was on unimpressive, and behaviour risk was high.  Education resulted in better knowledge and lower behaviour risk in the two groups, but health provider-based group had better outcome than peer-based group. It is recommended that the two models of HIV education intervention be adopted in secondary schools in view of their peculiarities and applicability.

scholarly journals HIV Knowledge and Stigmatizing Attitude towards People Living with HIV/AIDS among Medical Students in Jordan

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Malik Sallam ◽  
Ali M. Alabbadi ◽  
Sarah Abdel-Razeq ◽  
Kareem Battah ◽  
Leen Malkawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

The stigmatizing attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can be a major barrier to effective patient care. As future physicians, medical students represent a core group that should be targeted with focused knowledge and adequate training to provide patient care without prejudice. The aim of the current study was to examine HIV/AIDS knowledge, and the stigmatizing attitude towards PLWHA, among medical students in Jordan. The current study was based on a self-administered online questionnaire, which was distributed during March–May 2021, involving students at the six medical schools in Jordan, with items assessing demographics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, and HIV/AIDS stigmatizing attitude, which was evaluated using the validated HIV-stigma scale. The total number of respondents was 1362, with predominance of females (n = 780, 57.3%). Lack of HIV/AIDS knowledge among the study participants was notable for the following items: HIV transmission through breastfeeding (40.8% correct responses), HIV is not transmitted through saliva (42.6% correct responses), and vertical transmission of HIV can be prevented (48.8% correct responses). Approximately two-thirds of the respondents displayed a positive attitude towards PLWHA. For six out of the 14 HIV/AIDS knowledge items, lack of knowledge was significantly correlated with a more negative attitude towards PLWHA. Multinomial regression analysis showed that a significantly more negative attitude towards PLWHA was found among the pre-clinical students compared to the clinical students (odds ratio (OR): 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.43–0.97, p = 0.036); and that affiliation to medical schools that were founded before 2000 was associated with a more positive attitude towards PLWHA compared to affiliation to recently founded medical schools in the country (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.42–2.42, p < 0.001). About one-third of medical students who participated in the study displayed a negative attitude towards PLWHA. Defects in HIV/AIDS knowledge were detected for aspects involving HIV transmission and prevention, and such defects were correlated with a more negative attitude towards PLWHA. It is recommended to revise the current medical training curricula, and to tailor improvements in the overall HIV/AIDS knowledge, which can be reflected in a more positive attitude towards PLWHA, particularly for the recently established medical schools in the country.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Students regarding HIV/AIDS at a Rural University in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Tinotenda S. Murwira ◽  
Lunic B. Khoza ◽  
Jabu T. Mabunda ◽  
Sonto M. Maputle ◽  
Mamotena Mpeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: Knowledge about HIV/AIDS is essential for facilitating safer sexual behaviour hence, it is important in controlling HIV. Therefore, in the absence of a cure for the pandemic, adequate knowledge about the virus remains the backbone of prevention efforts. Objective: To assess the knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among undergraduate students at a rural university in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative survey-based study was conducted at a rural-based university in South Africa. Stratified random sampling was used to select 345 students. A self-administered questionnaire composed of 26 questions was utilised to gather data and the data were analysed using SPSS version 26. Multiple logistic regression and chi-square tests [χ2] were employed to determine the association between HIV/AIDS knowledge and demographic variables. Results: The overall HIV/AIDS knowledge score of students shows that (74)21% had a poor level of knowledge, (126)37% had average knowledge, and (145)42% had adequate knowledge. There was no significant difference between male and female students regarding their knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Factors, such as age, level of study, the field of study, and religion, were not significantly associated with HIV/AIDS knowledge. However, the race was significantly associated with knowledge with coloureds and mixed races, almost six times less knowledgeable than blacks. Conclusion: In conclusion, students had inadequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS facts, transmission routes, and prevention aspects were also prevalent among students. The present study accentuates the need for providing students with more HIV/AIDS education to fill HIV knowledge gaps and misconceptions.

scholarly journals Determinants of Overall HIV/AIDS Knowledge Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women Aged 15–24 Years in Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrispin Mandiwa ◽  
Bernadetta Namondwe ◽  
Mtondera Munthali
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background HIV epidemic remains a major public health issue in Malawi especially among adolescent girls and young women. Having accurate knowledge about HIV/AIDS is a key component of preventing the spread of HIV among adolescent girls and young women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the determinants of overall HIV/AIDS knowledge among adolescent girls and young women in Malawi.Methods The study was based on cross-sectional data from the 2015-2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. It involved 10132 adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 years who reported to have ever heard of HIV/AIDS. The outcome variable was overall HIV/AIDS knowledge. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation and multivariable logistic regression models. All the analyses were performed using complex sample analysis procedure of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) to account for complex survey design.Results Of the total 10132 participants included in the study, 82.2% (n=8326) had high overall knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Around 25% of the participants did not know that using condoms consistently can reduce the risk of HIV and 23% of the participants believed that mosquitoes could transmit HIV. Several factors were significantly associated with women’s overall HIV/AIDS knowledge. Women who were aged 20–24 years (AOR=1.16; 95% CI=1.04–1.29), women from rich households (AOR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.08–1.39),women who were working (AOR=1.29; 95% CI=1.16–1.44),women who were listening to radio at least once a week (AOR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.05–1.35) and women who had secondary or higher education (AOR = 3.43; 95% CI = 2.67–4.42) were more likely to have high overall knowledge about HIV/AIDS compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that some adolescent girls and young women in Malawi are lacking comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. Lack of knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention methods among young women might pose a challenge to efforts to stop the spread of the HIV epidemic. To reduce the incidence of HIV, it is essential to design effective interventions that can increase HIV/AIDS knowledge among adolescent girls and young women in Malawi.

scholarly journals HIV knowledge and related sexual practices among Portuguese men who have sex with men

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2423-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Nodin ◽  
Isabel Pereira Leal ◽  
Alex Carballo-Diéguez
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Relational Practice ◽  
Risk Practices ◽  
Sex With Men

Qualitative studies of the sexual risk practices of Portuguese men who have sex with men (MSM) are scarce, as have been campaigns to target this group despite high HIV infection rates. This study investigates the concepts and practices of safer sex of a group of 36 Portuguese self-identified gay men (age: x = 34.4, SD = 9.1) who have met sexual partners online; two identified as HIV positive. Thematic analysis of interviews showed that our participants were aware of HIV transmission risks and tended to protect themselves in most sexual practices. Oral sex and steady relationships, however, did not always include safer practices. Participants tended to rely on indirect sources of information when assessing their partners’ HIV status, such as their physical characteristics or the information available in online profiles. Contrasting HIV positive and negative men’s sexual expectations and practices indicated that communication shortcomings might be putting some at risk. Findings suggest that safe sex is a relational practice which can only be understood and addressed within the context in which it occurs.

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