The postpartum endometrial inflammatory response: a normal physiological event with potential implications for bovine fertility

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aspinas Chapwanya ◽  
Kieran G. Meade ◽  
Cathriona Foley ◽  
Fernando Narciandi ◽  
Alexander C. O. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase Protein ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Severe Inflammation ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Bovine Fertility ◽  
Key Events

After calving, the bovine endometrium undergoes marked morphological and functional changes that are necessary for subsequent re-breeding. Regulation and integration of these key events are largely uncharacterised. Here, endometrial swabs and biopsies were taken at 15, 30 and 60 days postpartum (DPP) from 13 healthy primiparous cows, 10 of which subsequently conceived, with a view to characterising innate and inflammatory gene expression profiles. Endometrial biopsies exhibited severe inflammation (>75 leukocytes per high-power field) at 15 DPP, which had begun to resolve by 30 DPP and had completely resolved by 60 DPP. The severe inflammation at 15 DPP coincided with uterine infection in all cows and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the expression of all of 16 genes investigated, including CD45, IL8, IL6, IL1, TNF, TAP, SAA3 and HP at 15 DPP, relative to 60 DPP. All of these parameters had begun to return to normal physiological levels at 30 DPP. Systemically, serum protein concentrations of IL-8 were elevated at 15 DPP compared with 60 DPP (78 pg mL–1 vs 48 pg mL–1; P = 0.02). These results indicate that endometrial inflammation, leukocyte infiltration and increased expression of pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial and acute-phase protein genes are expected features of the postpartum period, critical to bacterial clearance and uterine involution.

scholarly journals Age-related differences in monocyte DNA methylation and immune function in healthy Kenyan adults and children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Dobbs ◽  
Paula Embury ◽  
Emmily Koech ◽  
Sidney Ogolla ◽  
Stephen Munga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adults And Children

Abstract Background Age-related changes in adaptive and innate immune cells have been associated with a decline in effective immunity and chronic, low-grade inflammation. Epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional changes in monocytes occur with aging, though most studies to date have focused on differences between young adults and the elderly in populations with European ancestry; few data exist regarding changes that occur in circulating monocytes during the first few decades of life or in African populations. We analyzed DNA methylation profiles, cytokine production, and inflammatory gene expression profiles in monocytes from young adults and children from western Kenya. Results We identified several hypo- and hyper-methylated CpG sites in monocytes from Kenyan young adults vs. children that replicated findings in the current literature of differential DNA methylation in monocytes from elderly persons vs. young adults across diverse populations. Differentially methylated CpG sites were also noted in gene regions important to inflammation and innate immune responses. Monocytes from Kenyan young adults vs. children displayed increased production of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70 in response to TLR4 and TLR2/1 stimulation as well as distinct inflammatory gene expression profiles. Conclusions These findings complement previous reports of age-related methylation changes in isolated monocytes and provide novel insights into the role of age-associated changes in innate immune functions.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Profiles and microRNA Regulation Networks in Tiller Primordia, Stem Tips, and Young Spikes of Wheat Guomai 301

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Jiao ◽  
He ◽  
Sun ◽  
Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Tillering and spike differentiation are two key events for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A study on the transcriptomes and microRNA group profiles of wheat at the two key developmental stages will bring insight into the molecular regulation mechanisms. Guomai 301 is a representative excellent new high yield wheat cultivar in the Henan province in China. The transcriptomes and microRNA (miRNA) groups of tiller primordia (TPs), stem tips (STs), and young spikes (YSs) in Guomai 301 were compared to each other. A total of 1741 tillering specifically expressed and 281 early spikes differentiating specifically expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Six major expression profile clusters of tissue-specific DEGs for the three tissues were classified by gene co-expression analysis using K-means cluster. The ribosome (ko03010), photosynthesis-antenna proteins (ko00196), and plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075) were the main metabolic pathways in TPs, STs, and YSs, respectively. Similarly, 67 TP specifically expressed and 19 YS specifically expressed differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, 65 of them were novel. The roles of 3 well known miRNAs, tae-miR156, tae-miR164, and tae-miR167a, in post-transcriptional regulation were similar to that of other researches. There were 651 significant negative miRNA–mRNA interaction pairs in TPs and YSs, involving 63 differentially expressed miRNAs (fold change > 4) and 416 differentially expressed mRNAs. Among them 12 key known miRNAs and 16 novel miRNAs were further analyzed, and miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks during tillering and early spike differentiating were established.

scholarly journals Olfactory bulb astrocytes mediate sensory circuit processing through Sox9 in the mouse brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Ung ◽  
Teng-Wei Huang ◽  
Brittney Lozzi ◽  
Junsung Woo ◽  
Elizabeth Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Functional Changes

AbstractThe role of transcription factors during astrocyte development and their subsequent effects on neuronal development has been well studied. Less is known about astrocytes contributions towards circuits and behavior in the adult brain. Astrocytes play important roles in synaptic development and modulation, however their contributions towards neuronal sensory function and maintenance of neuronal circuit architecture remain unclear. Here, we show that loss of the transcription factor Sox9 results in both anatomical and functional changes in adult mouse olfactory bulb (OB) astrocytes, affecting sensory processing. Indeed, astrocyte-specific deletion of Sox9 in the OB results in decreased odor detection thresholds and discrimination and it is associated with aberrant neuronal sensory response maps. At functional level, loss of astrocytic Sox9 impairs the electrophysiological properties of mitral and tufted neurons. RNA-sequencing analysis reveals widespread changes in the gene expression profiles of OB astrocytes. In particular, we observe reduced GLT-1 expression and consequential alterations in glutamate transport. Our findings reveal that astrocytes are required for physiological sensory processing and we identify astrocytic Sox9 as an essential transcriptional regulator of mature astrocyte function in the mouse OB.

scholarly journals LIGHT controls distinct homeostatic and inflammatory gene expression profiles in esophageal fibroblasts via differential HVEM and LTβR-mediated mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario C. Manresa ◽  
Amanda Wu ◽  
Quan M. Nhu ◽  
Austin W. T. Chiang ◽  
Kevin Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Gene ◽  
Primary Fibroblasts ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype

AbstractFibroblasts mediate tissue remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic allergen-driven inflammatory pathology. Diverse fibroblast subtypes with homeostasis-regulating or inflammatory profiles have been recognized in various tissues, but which mediators induce these alternate differentiation states remain largely unknown. We recently identified that TNFSF14/LIGHT promotes an inflammatory esophageal fibroblast in vitro. Herein we used esophageal biopsies and primary fibroblasts to investigate the role of the LIGHT receptors, herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) and lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTβR), and their downstream activated pathways, in EoE. In addition to promoting inflammatory gene expression, LIGHT down-regulated homeostatic factors including WNTs, BMPs and type 3 semaphorins. In vivo, WNT2B+ fibroblasts were decreased while ICAM-1+ and IL-34+ fibroblasts were expanded in EoE, suggesting that a LIGHT-driven gene signature was imprinted in EoE versus normal esophageal fibroblasts. HVEM and LTβR overexpression and deficiency experiments demonstrated that HVEM regulates a limited subset of LIGHT targets, whereas LTβR controls all transcriptional effects. Pharmacologic blockade of the non-canonical NIK/p100/p52-mediated NF-κB pathway potently silenced LIGHT’s transcriptional effects, with a lesser role found for p65 canonical NF-κB. Collectively, our results show that LIGHT promotes differentiation of esophageal fibroblasts toward an inflammatory phenotype and represses homeostatic gene expression via a LTβR-NIK-p52 NF-κB dominant pathway.

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