Effects of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine supplementation on the perivitelline space during the IVM of pig oocytes

The objective of this study was to minimise polyspermic penetration by increasing the perivitelline space (PVS) thickness through supplementation of the hyaluronic acid components glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc). Oocytes (n=4690) were supplemented during the first 24h and/or the remainder of maturation (final 16–18h) with 0.01mM glucuronic acid and 0.01mM GlcNAc and then evaluated for PVS thickness, hyaluronic acid, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase concentrations. Fertilised oocytes were evaluated for polyspermic penetration and embryo development. The PVS thickness and amount of hyaluronic acid was significantly (P<0.05) greater in oocytes supplemented with 0.01mM glucuronic acid and 0.01mM GlcNAc during the second part or all of maturation compared with the other treatments. In addition, polyspermic penetration was significantly (P<0.05) less in oocytes supplemented with 0.01mM glucuronic acid and 0.01mM GlcNAc during the second part or all of maturation compared with the other treatments. Supplementing 0.01mM glucuronic acid and GlcNAc during maturation significantly (P<0.05) increased the percentage of cleaved embryos by 48h after IVF and blastocysts formed by 144h after IVF compared those not supplemented. These results indicate that supplementing PVS components during maturation decreases polyspermic penetration by increasing PVS thickness.

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175 EFFECTS OF GLUCURONIC ACID AND N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERIVITELLINE SPACE DURING THE IN VITRO MATURATION OF PORCINE OOCYTES

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv29n1ab175 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 196

Author(s):

J. Z. Current ◽

B. D. Whitaker

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Glucuronic Acid ◽

Assay Method ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cortical Granule ◽

Perivitelline Space ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pronuclear Formation

Pig oocytes fertilized in vitro experience high polyspermic penetration rates due to inadequate cortical granule exocytosis into reduced perivitelline space (PVS) thickness. The objective of this study was to minimize polyspermic penetration by increasing the PVS thickness through supplementation of its hyaluronic acid components, glucuronic acid (GA), and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) during maturation. Oocytes were supplemented during the first 24 h or second 24 h of maturation with 0.01 mM GA and 0.01 mM GlcNAc and then evaluated for nuclear maturation (n = 200), PVS thickness (n = 245), and the amount of hyaluronic acid (n = 245) present. The PVS thickness was determined at the equatorial plane of the oocyte using a micrometer. Hyaluronic acid concentrations were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Oocytes (n = 800) were fertilized using frozen-thawed semen and evaluated for fertilization characteristics and subsequent embryonic development at 48 and 144 h for cleavage and blastocyst formation, respectively. The PVS thickness was significantly thicker (P < 0.05) with oocytes supplemented with 0.01 mM GA and 0.01 mM GlcNAc during the first half of maturation (3.20 ± 0.29) and all of maturation (2.78 ± 0.21) compared with no supplementation (2.22 ± 0.13) and supplementation during only the second half of maturation (2.02 ± 0.16). The amount of hyaluronic acid present at 24 h of maturation was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in oocytes supplemented with the PVS components (2.03 ± 0.07 pg/oocyte) compared with no supplementation (0.21 ± 0.02 pg/oocyte). At the end of maturation, oocytes supplemented with 0.01 mM GA and 0.01 mM GlcNAc during the entire maturation had significantly greater (P < 0.05) amounts of hyaluronic acid present (4.16 ± 0.19 pg/oocyte) compared with all other groups. There was no significant difference in penetration rates between the groups. Polyspermic penetration was significantly less (P < 0.05) in oocytes supplemented with 0.01 mM GA and 0.01 mM GlcNAc during the first half of maturation compared with no supplementation or supplementation during only the second half of maturation. Oocytes supplemented with 0.01 mM GA and 0.01 mM GlcNAc during the first half of maturation (87.36 ± 4.01) compared with no supplementation (76.47 ± 5.67) or supplementation during only the second half of maturation (80.23 ± 3.21) had significantly higher percentages (P < 0.05) of male pronuclear formation by 12 h after IVF. Supplementing 0.01 mM GA and 0.01 mM GlcNAc during maturation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of cleaved embryos by 48 h after IVF and the percentage of those reaching the blastocyst stage by 144 h after IVF compared with those that were not supplemented during maturation (55.00 ± 6.43, 20.00 ± 6.16). There were no significant differences between the supplementation treatment groups at 48 or 144 h after IVF. These results indicate that supplementing GA and GlcNAc to the media during maturation, specifically during the first 24 h, decreases polyspermic penetration by increasing PVS thickness, hyaluronic acid amount, and male pronuclear formation, which improves subsequent embryonic development.

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HYALURONIDASE ACTIVITY OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/16.11.688 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 688-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

JOHN F. GOGGINS ◽

GERALD S. LAZARUS ◽

HAROLD M. FULLMER

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Alveolar Macrophages ◽

Glucuronic Acid ◽

Crude Enzyme ◽

The Other ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Ph Optimum ◽

Rabbit Lung ◽

Hyaluronidase Activity ◽

High Concentrations

Hyaluronidase activity was detected in preparations of isolated rabbit lung alveolar macrophages. The enzyme manifested a pH optimum of 3.9 with no activity detected above pH 5. Analysis of reaction products isolated from digests containing low enzyme concentrations revealed the production of large oligosaccharides from hyaluronic acid without the liberation of free N-acetylglucosamine or glucuronic acid. On the other hand, smaller oligosaccharides and free N-acetylglucosamine were obtained from digests with high concentrations of the crude enzyme. These data in conjunction with the findings of others indicate that macrophages contain hyaluronidase and other enzymes active against polymerized hyaluronic acid and its digestion products.

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Binding of lead and copper(II) cations to hemicelluloses of rye bran

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19862250 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 51 (10) ◽

pp. 2250-2258 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rudolf Kohn ◽

Zdena Hromádková ◽

Anna Ebringerová

Keyword(s):

Uronic Acid ◽

Equilibrium Solution ◽

Glucuronic Acid ◽

The Other ◽

Carboxyl Groups ◽

Stoichiometric Ratio ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Free Ions ◽

Uronic Acid Content ◽

The Relationship

Several fractions of acid hemicelluloses isolated from rye bran were characterized by molar ratios of saccharides (D-Xyl, L-Ara, D-Glc, D-Gal) and 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid and protein content. Binding of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions to these acid polysaccharides was considered according to function (M)b = f([M2+]f), expressing the relationship between the amount of metal (M)b bound to 1 g of the substance and the concentration of free ions [M2+]f in the equilibrium solution and according to the association degree β of these cations with carboxyl groups of uronic acid at a stoichiometric ratio of both components in the system under investigation. Acid hemicelluloses contained only a very small portion of uronic acid ((COOH) 0.05-0.18 mmol g-1); the model polysaccharide, 4-O-methyl-D-glucurono-D-xylan of beech, was substantially richer in uronic acid content ((COOH) 0.73 mmol g-1). Consequently, the amount of lead and copper bound to acid hemicelluloses is very small ((M)b 0.017-0.025 mmol g-1) at [M2+]f = 0.10 mmol l-1. On the other hand, much greater amount of cations ((M)f 0.09-0.10 mmol g-1) was bound to the glucuronoxylan. The association degree β was like with the majority of samples (β = 0.31-0.38). The amount of lead and copper(II) bound to acid hemicelluloses from rye bran is several times lower than that bound to dietary fiber isolated from vegetables (cabbage, carrot), rich in pectic substances.

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Advantages of Hyaluronic Acid and Its Combination with Other Bioactive Ingredients in Cosmeceuticals

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154429 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4429

Author(s):

Anca Maria Juncan ◽

Dana Georgiana Moisă ◽

Antonello Santini ◽

Claudiu Morgovan ◽

Luca-Liviu Rus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Glucuronic Acid ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Aesthetic Medicine ◽

Cosmetic Formulations ◽

Other Substances ◽

Bioactive Ingredients ◽

Brand Portfolio

This study proposes a review on hyaluronic acid (HA) known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate and its derivates and their application in cosmetic formulations. HA is a glycosaminoglycan constituted from two disaccharides (N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid), isolated initially from the vitreous humour of the eye, and subsequently discovered in different tissues or fluids (especially in the articular cartilage and the synovial fluid). It is ubiquitous in vertebrates, including humans, and it is involved in diverse biological processes, such as cell differentiation, embryological development, inflammation, wound healing, etc. HA has many qualities that recommend it over other substances used in skin regeneration, with moisturizing and anti-ageing effects. HA molecular weight influences its penetration into the skin and its biological activity. Considering that, nowadays, hyaluronic acid has a wide use and a multitude of applications (in ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, aesthetic medicine, oncology, nutrition, and cosmetics), the present study describes the main aspects related to its use in cosmetology. The biological effect of HA on the skin level and its potential adverse effects are discussed. Some available cosmetic products containing HA have been identified from the brand portfolio of most known manufacturers and their composition was evaluated. Further, additional biological effects due to the other active ingredients (plant extracts, vitamins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, saccharides, probiotics, etc.) are presented, as well as a description of their possible toxic effects.

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Composition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa slime

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1120521 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 112 (4) ◽

pp. 521-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

M. R. W. Brown ◽

J. H. Scott Foster ◽

J. R. Clamp

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Nucleic Acid ◽

Growth Medium ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

The Other ◽

Minor Components ◽

Polysaccharide Fraction ◽

Defined Media ◽

Rna And Dna

1. The slime produced by eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on a number of different media was demonstrated to be qualitatively the same. Small quantitative differences may be occasioned by differences in the extraction procedure, the growth medium or the strain of organism used. 2. The slime was shown to be predominantly polysaccharide with some nucleic acid material and a small amount of protein. 3. The hydrolysed polysaccharide fraction consists mainly of glucose with smaller amounts of mannose. This accounts for some 50–60% of the total slime. In addition, there is some 5% of hyaluronic acid. The nucleic acid material represents approx. 20% of the total weight, and is composed of both RNA and DNA. 4. Minor components are protein, rhamnose and glucosamine, the protein being less than 5% of the total. 5. Hyaluronic acid is produced in greater quantities from nutrient broth than from chemically defined media, and is more firmly attached to the cells than the other components.

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THE ALDOBIOURONIC ACIDS OF HEMICELLULOSE B OF OAT HULLS

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v56-049 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 338-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

E. L. Falconer ◽

G. A. Adams

Keyword(s):

Glucuronic Acid ◽

The Other ◽

Partial Hydrolysis ◽

Oat Hulls ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Partial hydrolysis of hemicellulose B from oat hulls yielded two aldobiouronic acids, which were identified as 2-O-(4-O-methyl-α-D-glucopyruronosyl)-D-xylose and 2-O-(α-D-glucopyruronosyl)-D-xylose respectively. In addition, two aldotriouronic acids were isolated, one yielding on hydrolysis xylose and 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid, and the other, xylose, galactose, and glucurone.

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P–060 Dose- dependent mitigation of lead acetate toxicity in males on embryo development in female mice

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab130.059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

P Dolati ◽

M J Zamiri ◽

A Akhlaghi ◽

Z Jahromi

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Embryonic Development ◽

Embryo Development ◽

Lead Acetate ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Cell Number ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Mice ◽

Female Mice

Abstract Study question Does quercetin (75 or 100 mg/kg BW/day) co-administration with lead acetate to male mice affects embryonic development in female mice? Summary answer The low-dose quercetin (75 mg/kg BW/day) ameliorated the adverse effects of lead acetate on mouse embryogenesis. What is known already Lead causes male infertility by impacting on endocrine system and spermatogenesis, and may exert undesirable effects on the offspring. The currently approved treatment for lead poisoning is the use of chelating agents, which form an insoluble complex with lead and shield it from biological targets; thus, reducing its toxicity. One of the main mechanisms of lead-induced toxicity is oxidative stress, and it has been reported that natural antioxidants can reduce the heavy metals toxicity. The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effects of quercetin on the toxicity induced by lead acetate on the embryogenesis in mice. Study design, size, duration Sexually mature (eight-week-old) NMRI male mice (n = 24) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6 per group) receiving (i) distilled water (control group); (ii) lead acetate (150 mg/kg BW/day) dissolved in deionized water (LA); (iii) lead acetate (150 mg/kg BW/day) + quercetin (75 mg/kg BW/day) (LQ75); (IV) lead acetate (150 mg/kg BW/day) + quercetin (100 mg/kg BW/day) (LQ100). Treatments were applied daily as oral gavages for one cycle of the seminiferous epithelium (35 days). Participants/materials, setting, methods At the end of treatment administration, the males were joined with super-ovulated females, and the retrieved zygotes were cultured for evaluation of the embryo development (at 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, and blastocyst stages), and blastocyst cell number using differential staining (propidium iodide and bisbenzimide). After incubation of capacitated sperm with oocytes, an ultraviolet light microscope was used following 3 min incubation with 25 µg⁄mL bisbenzamide solution for fertilization assessment. Main results and the role of chance Lead acetate (LA) treatment of male mice decreased the 2-cell stage compared with the control group (P > 0.05). There was no difference between control and LQ75, and between LA and LQ100. The other stages of embryonic development were not significantly affected by the treatment. Overall, early embryonic development in the control and LQ75 mice were better than LQ100 and LA mice. The number of cells in the trophectoderm and inner-cell mass were not affected by treatments. However, the total blastocyst cell number in the control was higher than in the other groups; there was no significant difference between LQ100, LQ75 and LA groups. Fertilization rate was not affected by the treatments (P < 0.05). Quercetin acts as a potent antioxidant at low doses, but at high doses exerts a pro-oxidant action. According to previous reports, higher concentrations of quercetin increased apoptosis and necrosis while decreasing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Also, it has been suggested that quercetin might disrupt the endocrine system and interfere with Sertoli cell function and sperm motility. Limitations, reasons for caution A limitation of this study is narrow dose selection; more studies are needed to determine the effective dose of quercetin in ameliorating the lead toxicity. There are also side effects of lead-quercetin chelates such as metal redistribution, essential metal loss, accumulation and persistency in intracellular sites, and peroxidation. Wider implications of the findings: Lead administration adversely impacted on the embryogenesis; on the other hand, paternal quercetin co-administration somewhat ameliorated the adverse effects of lead on mice embryogenesis. Trial registration number Not applicable

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Collagen binding by vaginal aggregative lactobacilli

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/11932-vetmed ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

I. Štyriak ◽

V. Demečková ◽

B. Žatkovič ◽

V. Kmeť

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Heparan Sulphate ◽

The Other ◽

Collagen Binding ◽

Vaginal Lactobacillus ◽

Gene Coding ◽

Vaginal Swabs

Ten autoaggregating vaginal Lactobacillus strains (five of these strains were selected among isolates from sows‘ vaginal swabs and the other five among isolates from cows‘ vaginal swabs) were investigated for their ability to bind type Icollagen (Cn-I). All 10 autoaggregating strains in the range of A<sub>570nm</sub> readings 0.118–1.806 bound to immobilised Cn-I (at concentration of 100 μg/ml) in wells of microtitre plates, however, Lactobacillus acidophilus SV31 was much more adherent than the rest of the tested strains. The influence of culture medium on Cn-I binding was confirmed only in 50% of the tested strains when agar-grown cells bound significantly more Cn-I than broth-grown cells. The specificity of the binding was confirmed since the Cn-I binding by lactobacilli was abolished after their preincubation with this protein. The effect of heparan sulphate and hyaluronic acid was tested on 5 vaginal strains displaying the best Cn-I binding in microtitre plates after their cultivationon MRS agar plates. Both selected inhibitors significantly (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01) reduced Cn-I binding by the majority of strains. The presence of the gene coding APF (aggregation-promoting factor) was detected in seven strains (all five sows‘ and two cows‘ Lactobacillus strains) by PCR.

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Embryo Development and Anatomy in Araucaria Juss

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9830125 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 125 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

RJ Haines

Keyword(s):

Embryo Development ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Mature Embryo ◽

The State ◽

Root Cap ◽

The Other ◽

Published Data ◽

General Outline ◽

Mature Embryos

Embryo development following suspensor elongation was studied in three species of Araucaria: A. cunninghamii, A. heterophylla and A. bidwillii. The mature embryos of these species were compared with those of A. hunsteinii and species for which published data are available. In general outline, the embryogeny of Araucaria resembles that described for a number of other conifers. Differences are evident among species of Araucaria with respect to the following features of the mature embryo: overall size; relative lengths of the cotyledons, hypocotyl and root cap; cotyledon number; the presence of stomates; the extent and arrangement of the vascular and secretory tissues; and the state of differentiation of the vascular tissue. Consideration of all these features lends some support to the generally recognized division of the genus into four sections, although there is some evidence to suggest a relationship between the Eutacta and Intermedia species, on one hand, and the Columbea and Bunya species, on the other.

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