Advantages of Hyaluronic Acid and Its Combination with Other Bioactive Ingredients in Cosmeceuticals

This study proposes a review on hyaluronic acid (HA) known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate and its derivates and their application in cosmetic formulations. HA is a glycosaminoglycan constituted from two disaccharides (N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid), isolated initially from the vitreous humour of the eye, and subsequently discovered in different tissues or fluids (especially in the articular cartilage and the synovial fluid). It is ubiquitous in vertebrates, including humans, and it is involved in diverse biological processes, such as cell differentiation, embryological development, inflammation, wound healing, etc. HA has many qualities that recommend it over other substances used in skin regeneration, with moisturizing and anti-ageing effects. HA molecular weight influences its penetration into the skin and its biological activity. Considering that, nowadays, hyaluronic acid has a wide use and a multitude of applications (in ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, aesthetic medicine, oncology, nutrition, and cosmetics), the present study describes the main aspects related to its use in cosmetology. The biological effect of HA on the skin level and its potential adverse effects are discussed. Some available cosmetic products containing HA have been identified from the brand portfolio of most known manufacturers and their composition was evaluated. Further, additional biological effects due to the other active ingredients (plant extracts, vitamins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, saccharides, probiotics, etc.) are presented, as well as a description of their possible toxic effects.

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Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata) and Their Constituents as Active Cosmeceutical Ingredients

Cosmetics ◽

10.3390/cosmetics9010007 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Antonietta Cerulli ◽

Milena Masullo ◽

Paola Montoro ◽

Sonia Piacente

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Whitening Effect ◽

Specialized Metabolites ◽

Potential Value ◽

Cosmetic Formulations ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Hair Care

The interest in plant extracts and natural compounds in cosmetic formulations is growing. Natural products may significantly improve cosmetics performance since they have both cosmetic and therapeutic-like properties, known as cosmeceutical effects. Glycyrrhiza genus, belonging to the Leguminosae family, comprises more than 30 species, widely distributed worldwide. The rhizomes and roots are the most important medicinal parts currently used in pharmaceutical industries and in the production of functional foods and food supplements. In the last few years, the interest in their potential activities in cosmetic formulations has greatly increased. Glycyrrhiza spp. extracts are widely implemented in cosmetic products for their good whitening effect. The biological effects of Glycyrrhiza extracts are especially ascribable to the occurrence of specialized metabolites belonging to the flavonoid class. This review focuses on the botany and the chemistry of the main investigated Glycyrrhiza spp. (G. glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata) along with their cosmeceutical activities categorized as skin anti-aging, photoprotective, hair care, and anti-acne. It has been highlighted how, along with Glycyrrhiza extracts, three main flavonoids namely licochalcone A, glabridin, and dehydroglyasperin C are the most investigated compounds. It is noteworthy that other molecules from licorice show potential cosmeceutical effects. These data suggest further investigations to clarify their potential value for cosmetic industries.

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Effects of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine supplementation on the perivitelline space during the IVM of pig oocytes

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd20109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 941

Author(s):

J. Z. Current ◽

B. D. Whitaker

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Embryo Development ◽

Glucuronic Acid ◽

The Other ◽

Perivitelline Space

The objective of this study was to minimise polyspermic penetration by increasing the perivitelline space (PVS) thickness through supplementation of the hyaluronic acid components glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc). Oocytes (n=4690) were supplemented during the first 24h and/or the remainder of maturation (final 16–18h) with 0.01mM glucuronic acid and 0.01mM GlcNAc and then evaluated for PVS thickness, hyaluronic acid, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase concentrations. Fertilised oocytes were evaluated for polyspermic penetration and embryo development. The PVS thickness and amount of hyaluronic acid was significantly (P<0.05) greater in oocytes supplemented with 0.01mM glucuronic acid and 0.01mM GlcNAc during the second part or all of maturation compared with the other treatments. In addition, polyspermic penetration was significantly (P<0.05) less in oocytes supplemented with 0.01mM glucuronic acid and 0.01mM GlcNAc during the second part or all of maturation compared with the other treatments. Supplementing 0.01mM glucuronic acid and GlcNAc during maturation significantly (P<0.05) increased the percentage of cleaved embryos by 48h after IVF and blastocysts formed by 144h after IVF compared those not supplemented. These results indicate that supplementing PVS components during maturation decreases polyspermic penetration by increasing PVS thickness.

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Plants causing dermatosis in humans

Acta herbologica ◽

10.5937/actaherb2001005j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 5-24

Author(s):

Vaskrsija Janjić

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Direct Contact ◽

Human Population ◽

World Population ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

The World ◽

Different Types ◽

Other Substances ◽

The Usa ◽

Everyday Problem

Many plants cause dermatosis in the human population, thus presenting an everyday problem for dermatologists and allergologists around the world. To this day it is still not known how common are plant-induced dermatosis. It is estimated that around 334 million people worldwide, or 3.5% of the world population, is affected by dermatosis each year. The onset of dermatitis is most common in the early childhood. Around 20% of children in Great Britain and 10% in the USA are affected by different types of dermatosis. It is believed that around 10,000 plant species can cause dermatosis in humans. Phytodermatosis are dermatosis caused by plants. They are usually induced by direct contact with a plant, but can also occur without a direct contact or be activated by the sun. Dermatosis which occur without a direct contact with the plant are observed in those cases where certain perfumes, cremes or other cosmetic products are used. Some cosmetic products contain substances such as eugenol, isoeugenol, cinnamaldehyde, colophonium, turpentines and other substances which originate from plants. Similarly, lichens, which are not plants, but organisms resulting from a fungi and algae symbiosis, produce usnic acids, which are most commonly used in sun protection products.

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Macrophage Biocompatibility of CoCr Wear Particles Produced under Polarization in Physiological Hyaluronic Acid Solution

10.20944/preprints201803.0126.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Blanca Teresa Perez-Maceda ◽

María Encarnación López-Fernández ◽

Iván Díaz ◽

Aaron kavanaugh ◽

Fabrizio Billi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Primary Response ◽

Wear Particles ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Fluid Concentration ◽

Wear Products ◽

Living Tissues ◽

Pin On Disk

Macrophages are cells involved in the primary response to debris derived from wear of implanted CoCr alloys. The biocompatibility of wear particles from a high carbon CoCr alloy produced under polarization in physiological hyaluronic acid (HA) solution was evaluated in J774A.1 mouse macrophages cultures. Polarization was applied to mimic the electrical interactions observed in living tissues. Wear tests were performed in a pin-on-disk tribometer integrating an electrochemical cell in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and in PBS supplemented with 0.3% HA, physiological synovial fluid concentration, used as lubricant solution. Wear particles produced in 0.3% HA solution showed a higher biocompatibility in J774A.1 macrophages in comparison to those elicited by PBS. A considerable improvement in macrophages biocompatibility in the presence of 0.3 % of HA was further observed by the application of polarization at potentials having current densities typical of injured tissues suggesting that polarization produces an effect on the surface of the metallic material that leads to the production of wear particles that are macrophages biocompatible and less cytotoxic. The results showed the convenience to consider electric interactions together with other particles parameters, as are size and composition, to get a better understanding of the biological effects of the wear products.

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Effect of fermentation time on the content of bioactive compounds with cosmetic and dermatological properties in Kombucha Yerba Mate extracts

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98191-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aleksandra Ziemlewska ◽

Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska ◽

Tomasz Bujak ◽

Martyna Zagórska-Dziok ◽

Magdalena Wójciak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucuronic Acid ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Fibroblast Cell ◽

Raw Material ◽

Yerba Mate ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Active Chemical ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Fibroblast Cell Lines

AbstractKombucha is a beverage made by fermenting sugared tea using a symbiotic culture of bacteria belonging to the genus Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, and the yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces along with glucuronic acid, which has health-promoting properties. The paper presents the evaluation of ferments as a potential cosmetic raw material obtained from Yerba Mate after different fermentation times with the addition of Kombucha. Fermented and unfermented extracts were compared in terms of chemical composition and biological activity. The antioxidant potential of obtained ferments was analyzed by evaluating the scavenging of external and intracellular free radicals. Cytotoxicity was determined on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines, resulting in significant increase in cell viability for the ferments. The ferments, especially after 14 and 21 days of fermentation showed strong ability to inhibit (about 40% for F21) the activity of lipoxygenase, collagenase and elastase enzymes and long‐lasting hydration after their application on the skin. Moreover, active chemical compounds, including phenolic acids, xanthines and flavonoids were identified by HPLC/ESI–MS. The results showed that both the analyzed Yerba Mate extract and the ferments obtained with Kombucha may be valuable ingredients in cosmetic products.

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Sulfide (Na2S) and Polysulfide (Na2S2) Interacting with Doxycycline Produce/Scavenge Superoxide and Hydroxyl Radicals and Induce/Inhibit DNA Cleavage

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24061148 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anton Misak ◽

Lucia Kurakova ◽

Eduard Goffa ◽

Vlasta Brezova ◽

Marian Grman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydroxyl Radicals ◽

Plasmid Dna ◽

Dna Cleavage ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Antibacterial Treatment ◽

Ros Production ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Cleavage Assay

Doxycycline (DOXY) is an antibiotic routinely prescribed in human and veterinary medicine for antibacterial treatment, but it has also numerous side effects that include oxidative stress, inflammation, cancer or hypoxia-induced injury. Endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and polysulfides affect similar biological processes, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role. Herein, we have studied the interaction of DOXY with H2S (Na2S) or polysulfides (Na2S2, Na2S3 and Na2S4) to gain insights into the biological effects of intermediates/products that they generate. To achieve this, UV-VIS, EPR spectroscopy and plasmid DNA (pDNA) cleavage assay were employed. Na2S or Na2S2 in a mixture with DOXY, depending on ratio, concentration and time, displayed bell-shape kinetics in terms of producing/scavenging superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and decomposing hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, the effects of individual compounds (except for Na2S2) were hardly observable. In addition, DOXY, as well as oxytetracycline and tetracycline, interacting with Na2S or other studied polysulfides reduced the •cPTIO radical. Tetracyclines induced pDNA cleavage in the presence of Na2S. Interestingly, they inhibited pDNA cleavage induced by other polysulfides. In conclusion, sulfide and polysulfides interacting with tetracyclines produce/scavenge free radicals, indicating a consequence for free radical biology under conditions of ROS production and tetracyclines administration.

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Evaluation of the Rheologic and Physicochemical Properties of a Novel Hyaluronic Acid Filler Range with eXcellent Three-Dimensional Reticulation (XTR™) Technology

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12081644 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1644

Author(s):

Giovanni Salti ◽

Salvatore Piero Fundarò

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Research Laboratory ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Size Distributions ◽

The Novel ◽

Independent Research ◽

Aesthetic Medicine ◽

Dimensional Network ◽

Pore Size Distributions ◽

Patient Profiles

Soft-tissue fillers made of hyaluronic acid and combined with lidocaine have recently become a popular tool in aesthetic medicine. Several manufacturers have developed their own proprietary formulae with varying manufacturing tools, concentrations, crosslinked three-dimensional network structures, pore size distributions of the fibrous networks, as well as cohesivity levels and rheological properties, lending fillers and filler ranges their unique properties and degradability profiles. One such range of hyaluronic acid fillers manufactured using the novel eXcellent three-dimensional reticulation (XTR™) technology was evaluated in comparison with other HA fillers and filler ranges by an independent research laboratory. Fillers manufactured with the XTR™ technology were shown to have characteristic rheological, crosslinking and biophysical factors that support the suitability of this filler range for certain patient profiles.

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PHENETHYL ALCOHOL IS AN EFFECTIVE NON-TRADITIONAL PRESERVATIVE AGENT FOR COSMETIC PREPARATIONS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18572 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sasithorn Sirilun ◽

Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽

Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽

Sartjin Peerajan ◽

Naphatsorn Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Appearance ◽

Foam Formation ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

High Concentration ◽

Potential Growth ◽

Phenethyl Alcohol ◽

Natural Substances ◽

Cosmetic Formulations ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Objective: Preservatives are used in the cosmetic products to protect the potential growth of microbes, therefore to prolong the shelf-life of products and to protect the consumer from infections. However several preservatives can cause various health problems, and the safety profiles of those preservatives are still unclear. Many natural substances are used in the cosmetic products to substitute the traditional preservatives. The present study deals with the evaluation of conservative nature of phenethyl alcohol (PEA) in three cosmetic formulations (emulsion, cleansing, and conditioner).Methods: Three different concentration of PEA (0.3, 1, and 2.5 %) were used in cosmetic formulations. The physical appearance of the formulas was assessed manually, and the antimicrobial nature of PEA and PEA-containing cosmetic formulations were evaluated by agar well plate assay. Results: The use of PEA has not affected the physical appearance, and quality of the formulations, except the high concentration of PEA in the cleansing solution, which reduced the foam formation. The minimal required concentration of PEA in emulsions and cleansings were 1.0% and 2.5% in the conditioners. All cosmetic preparations were subjected to antibacterial and antifungal evaluation. The alkaline pH (> 8) affected the antimicrobial activity of PEA in a cosmetic product.Conclusion: The results suggested that PEA is a potent non-traditional preservative for the cosmetic formulations especially in the emulsion, cleansing solutions, and conditioners.

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