Neuronal damage in the developing brain following intrauterine asphyxia

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Mallard ◽  
CE Williams ◽  
BM Johnston ◽  
PD Gluckman
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Still Birth ◽  
Prenatal Factors

Perinatal asphyxia is thought to be a significant cause of still birth and neurological sequelae. Although several different patterns of neuronal injury are seen in the newborn, previously little was known about the precise cause and effect relationships. This brief review summarizes recent research which has identified how prenatal factors such as recurrent episodes of asphyxia, gestational age, growth retardation and cerebral temperature may influence the severity and regional distribution of neuronal loss.

scholarly journals Perinatal Asphyxia Among Neonates Admitted Jimma Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2098130
Author(s):  
Ebissa Bayana Kebede ◽  
Adugna Olani Akuma ◽  
Yonas Biratu Tarfa
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Extension Workers ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Prolonged Labor

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is a severe problem which causes serious problem in neonates in developing countries. This study is aimed to determine magnitude of perinatal asphyxia and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among neonates admitted over a period of 4 years on 740 samples. Systematic sampling method was employed to get required samples from log book. Epi-data 3.1 is used for data entry and the entered data was exported to SPSS Version 23 for analysis. Bivariable and multiple variable logistic regressions analysis were applied to see the association between dependent and independent variables. Finally, P-value <.05 at 95% CI was declared statistically significant. Results: The main significant factor associated to perinatal asphyxia were prolonged labor ( P = .04, AOR = 1.68 95%CI: [1.00, 2.80]), being primipara ( P = .003, AOR = 2.06, 95%CI: [1.28, 3.30]), Small for Gestational Age (SGA) ( P = .001, AOR = 4.35, 95%CI: [1.85, 10.19]), Large for Gestational Age ( P = .001, AOR = 16.75, 95%CI: [3.82, 73.33]) and mode of delivery. Conclusion: The magnitude of perinatal asphyxia was 18%. Prolonged labor, parity, birth size, mode of delivery, and APGAR score at 1st minute were significantly associated with perinatal asphyxia. So, Nurses, Midwives, Medical Doctors, and health extension workers have to engage and contribute to on how to decrease the magnitude of perinatal asphyxia.

Categories of intrauterine growth retardation

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A Fay ◽  
David A Ellwood
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Different Types

Originally all low birthweight infants were considered to be premature. When prematurity was redefined in terms of gestational age (SGA) and not preterm. With the large scale collection of obstetric data the distributions of birthweight at different gestational ages were described and from these, infants who were SGA could be defined. SGA became synonymous with terms such as growth retardation, but it soon became appearent that the two were not necessarily interchangeable. Scott and Usher found that it was the degree of soft tissue wasting rather than birthweight that related to poor perinatal outcome. Miller and Hassanein stated that: “birthweight by itself is not a valid measure of fetal growth impairment”. They used Rorher’s Ponderal Index (weight (g) × 100/length (cm)) to diagnose the malnourished or excessively wasted infants with reduced soft tissue mass. Most studies of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) still use low birthweight for gestational age centile as their only definition of IUGR or only study infants who have a low birthweight. Altman and Hytten expressed disquiet about this definition and stated: “There is now an urgent need to establish true measures of fetal growth from which deviations indicating genuine growth retardation can be derived” and that “it is particularly important that some reliable measures of outcome should be established”. In large series of term deliveries published recently, two groups of IUGR infants with different growth patterens have been identified. These studies confirm that birthweight alone is inadequate to define the different types of IUGR. They established that low Ponderal Index (PI) is a measure of IUGR associated with an increased incidence of perinatal problems and that it is time to re-evaluate IUGR in terms of the different types of aberrant fetal growth.

scholarly journals The Childhood Growth of Twin Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Luke ◽  
S. Leurgans ◽  
L. Keith ◽  
D. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Twin Children ◽  
Current Weight

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the childhood growth of twin children in terms of the effects of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and discordancy at birth on the incidence and severity of stunting and discordancy in current height and weight. The study was part of a cross-sectional field project conducted at the Annual Twins Days Festival in Twinsburg. Ohio, USA, during 1990, 1991, and 1993, and including all twin children between 2 and 12 years of age. Mothers of twins were interviewed regarding their children's birthweights and gestational age; the twin children were measured for their current heights and weights. The study population included 990 twin children, including 555 boys and 435 girls, of which there were 254 boy pairs and 194 girl pairs. Birthweight for gestational age and current weight and height were each converted into Z-scores and characterized as severe (Z-score <−2,0), or moderate IUGR or stunting (Z-score > −2.0 and < −1.2). For the present study discordancy in birthweight, and current height and weight was calculated for like-gender twin pairs. Only twin children with severe IUGR at birth showed an increased risk of stunting in their current height or weight, and this risk was only for moderate, not severe, stunting. Boy twins with severe IUGR at birth were at increased risk of moderate stunting in their current weight (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.55, 4.58, P = 0.002), while girl twins with severe IUGR at birth were at increased risk of moderate stunting in their current height (OR 4,09, 95% CI 1.49, 10.99, p = 0.003). Among like-gender twin pairs, there were no differences in mean or categories of birthweight or current weight discordancy, but boy twin pairs did show a significantly greater proportion of current weight discordancy compared to girl twin pairs (p = 0.005). Overall, there was a significant tendency for differences in height and weight between like-gender twin pairs to disappear over time, with the effect being greater for boy twin pairs. We conclude from these findings that twin children tend to overcome growth retardation and discordancy present at birth, and although children who had severe IUGR or discordancy at birth were more likely to have some residual moderate stunting or discordancy in height or weight, they still tended to be within normal values for their gender and current age.

Intrauterine growth retardation risk detection for fetuses of unknown gestational age

1982 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Sholl ◽  
Diana Woo ◽  
Jonathan M. Rubin ◽  
Chin-Chu Lin ◽  
Atef H. Moawad
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Risk Detection

scholarly journals Transitory hypothermia as early prognostic factor in term newborns with intrauterine growth retardation

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Lazic-Mitrovic ◽  
Milan Djukic ◽  
Nedjo Cutura ◽  
Spaso Andjelic ◽  
Aleksandar Curkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
The One

Introduction. According to numerous researches, transitory hypothermia is a part of the neonatological energetic triangle and represents a significant prognostic factor within morbidity and mortality in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), that are, due to their characteristics, more inclined to transitory hypothermia. Objective. The aim of the study was an analysis of frequency of transitory hypothermia in term newborns with IUGR, as well as an analysis of frequency of the most frequent pathological conditions typical of IUGR newborns depending on the presence of transitory hypothermia after birth (hypoglycaemia, perinatal asphyxia, hyperbilirubinaemia and hypocalcaemia). Methods. The study included 143 term newborns with IUGR treated at the Neonatology Ward of the Gynaecology- Obstetrics Clinic ?Narodni front?, Belgrade. The newborns were divided into two groups: the one with registered transitory hypothermia - the observed group, and the one without transitory hypothermia - the control group. The data analysis included the analysis of the frequency of transitory hypothermia depending on gestation and body mass, as well as the analysis of pathological conditions (perinatal asphyxia, hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia) depending on the presence of hypothermia.The analysis was done by statistical tests of analytic and descriptive statistics. Results. In morbidity structure dominate hypothermia (65.03%), hypoglycaemia (43.36%), perinatal asphyxia (37.76%), hyperbilirubinaemia (30.77%), hypocalcaemia (25.17%). There were 93 newborns in the observed group, and 50 in the control one. Mean value of the measured body temperature was 35.9?C. 20 newborns (32.26%) had moderate hypothermia, and 73 newborns (67.74%) had mild hypothermia. In the observed group, average gestation was 39.0 weeks, and 39.6 (p<0.01) in the control group. Average body mass at birth in the whole group was 2339 g: 2214 g in the observed and 2571 g in the control group. The frequency of hypoglycaemia in the observed group was 53.8%, and 24% in the control group (p<0.01). In the observed group, the frequency of pH<7.25 was 38.71%, and 14% in the control group (p<0.05). The frequency of hyperbilirubinaemia was 38.71% in the observed group, and 16% in the control group (p<0.01). The frequency of hypocalcaemia was 32.26% in the observed, and 12% in the control group (p<0.01). Conclusion. Transitory hypothermia in the first ten hours of life represents a significant risk factor for deepening hypoglycaemia, asphyxia, hyperbilirubinaemia and hypocalcaemia in term newborns with IUGR.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional features of platelets in premature newborns with very low and extremely low body weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Budalova ◽  
Natalia V. Kharlamova ◽  
Galina N. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background. Currently, the development of medicine in the field of perinatology is aimed at improving the quality of medical care for newborns, especially those born prematurely. Premature newborns are most likely to develop hemorrhagic disorders, which often aggravates their condition and determines high morbidity and mortality. On modern hematological analyzers, it has become possible to evaluate a larger number of blood parameters, including platelet parameters, however, there are a small number of studies devoted to the study of platelet parameters in premature newborns. The aim was to study the morphofunctional features of platelets in premature newborns with very low and extremely low body weight. Materials and methods. The study included 78 newborns born at 2534 weeks of gestation, with a body weight of less than 1500 grams. On the 3rd5th day of life, a clinical blood test was performed on the Advia 2120i hematological analyzer (Siemens), with the determination of platelet parameters: PLT, 103 cells/l, PCT, %, PDW, %, Large Plt, 103 cells/l, MPC, g/dl, MRM, pg. Results. In newborns with ELBW, a decrease in the number and granularity of platelets in the blood, an increase in the average dry mass of platelets was found. Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation have a reduced platelet count and reduced thrombocrit. In premature newborns with a gestational age of 2527 weeks, blood circulation of platelets with a reduced volume was established, and in newborns who were born at a gestational age of 3234 weeks with increased granularity. In the absence of antenatal prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns, there is a decrease in thrombocrit, the number of platelets, including large forms in the blood. In premature newborns born in a state of severe asphyxia, a decrease in platelet granularity was noted. The use of high concentrations of O2 in the oxygen-air mixture during respiratory therapy leads to a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. Conclusions. Factors determining the morphofunctional state of platelets in premature newborns were established: the presence of a full course of antenatal prevention of respiratory distress syndrome of newborns, gestational age, the severity of asphyxia at birth, as well as the concentration of O2 in the oxygen-air mixture used in respiratory therapy. Newborns with ELBW have a reduced platelet count, low-granulated platelets, and an increased average dry platelet mass. Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation have a reduced number of platelets and thrombocrit in the blood. The revealed morphofunctional features of platelets allow us to clarify the nature of changes in the platelet link of hemostasis in premature newborns for the timely prevention of complications during the underlying disease.

The Prognostic Significance of Antenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Retardation

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingemar Leijon
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Antenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIntrauterine growth retardation is associated with high risk of perinatal asphyxia. The neonatal mortality rate of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants (birthweight ≤ 2 SD) in Sweden decreased from 5.6% in 1973 to 2.0% in 1987. During the same period, the number SGA infants with postnatal asphyxia (5 min Apgar score <7) decreased from 10% to 5%. Based on antenatal diagnosis of fetal growth retardation, an optimal time of delivery reduces the risk of major neurological and developmental sequelae of the individual infant.

Effect of Infertility Treatments on Rates of Small for Gestational Age Infants and Still Birth

2022 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. S768-S769
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Muller ◽  
Jessica Schnorr ◽  
Ralitza H. Peneva ◽  
Eliza R. McElwee ◽  
Gene Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Still Birth ◽  
Infertility Treatments

HUMAN FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION: I. CLINICAL FEATURES OF SAMPLE WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-558
Author(s):  
J. Urrusti ◽  
P. Yoshida ◽  
L. Velasco ◽  
S. Frenk ◽  
A. Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Normal Term

Intrauterine growth was assessed in a series of 128 cases. Thirty-six infants were small for gestational age, and showed the usual signs of intrauterine growth retardation (IUM). The head circumference of these infants was small, with reference to normal term babies (FT) and comparable to premature infants, appropriately sized for a gestational age (ACA) five weeks less than that of the IUM's. There were 12 neonatal deaths, three among IUM infants within 24 hours and nine in the low birth weight AGA group within 72 hours. The mothers of these three groups of infants were similar with respect to age, weight, height, nutritional patterns, and prior pregnancy histories.

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