95 THE EFFECT OF FREEZING TECHNIQUES ON QUALITY OF CAT TESTICULAR SPERM

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
M. Techakumphu ◽  
S. Buarpung ◽  
T. Tharasanit
Keyword(s):  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Testicular Sperm ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Senior Research ◽  
Conventional Freezing

Cryopreservation of testicular tissue is beneficial for valuable animals that die unexpectedly or when elective castration is required. Until recently, knowledge regarding cryopreservation of testicular tissue/sperm in the domestic cat has been limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of freezing techniques and cryoprotectants on quality of testicular sperm. In Experiment 1, each testis was cut into 10 equal small pieces (∼2 × 3 × 5 mm) and cryopreserved in freezing medium containing with 5% (v/v) glycerol using conventional (10 min in liquid nitrogen vapors) or controlled-rate freezing techniques. In Experiment 2, testicular tissues were conventionally frozen with different types of 5% (v/v) cryoprotectants [glycerol (Gly), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), 1,2-propanediol (PrOH), or ethylene glycol (EG)]. Non-cryopreserved testicular sperm was used as a control. After thawing, testicular sperm were extracted and examined for viability and DNA integrity using non-membrane-permeable DNA staining (Ethidium homodimer-1) and TUNEL assay, respectively. Viability of testicular sperm cryopreserved by controlled-rate cryopreservation (45.9 ± 3.7) was significantly lower than non-frozen control (60.3 ± 0.9) and conventional freezing technique (55.0 ± 2.7). Gly (58.2 ± 2.6) and EG (53.3 ± 2.3) yielded a similar viability compared with non-frozen control (P > 0.05), whereas DMSO and PrOH demonstrated an inferior cryoprotectant for feline testicular sperm (% viability for DMSO and PrOH: 46.3 ± 3.3 and 44.3 ± 2.9, respectively). In both experiments, DNA integrity of frozen–thawed testicular sperm did not significantly differ from the control group. In conclusion, cat testicular tissue can be frozen as small pieces using both conventional technique and controlled rate freezing. However, freezing technique and type of cryoprotectant markedly affect the post-thawed quality of testicular sperm. Further study requires examination of the optimal cooling rate during cryopreservation and also the fertilizability of frozen–thawed testicular sperm. This study was financially supported by CHE-TRF Senior Research Scholars RTA-5080010.

scholarly journals Thymoquinone enhances sperm DNA integrity in nicotineinduced infertile male rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225
Author(s):  
Farah Dayana Rosli ◽  
Noor Hashida Hashim ◽  
Yusmin Mohd Yusuf ◽  
Khairul Osman ◽  
Siti Fatimah Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Potential Benefits

Purpose: To assess the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on the integrity of sperm DNA in nicotineinduced sperm impairment in rats. Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into four equal groups: control group received normal saline orally for 60 days; nicotine group was subcutaneously injected with 5 mg/kg/day nicotine for 30 days and then given normal saline for the next 30 days; TQ group was given normal saline for 30 days followed by TQ at 5 mg/kg/day for 30 days; and nicotine-TQ group received 5 mg/kg of nicotine for 30 days and 5mg/kg of TQ for another 30 days. Sperm DNA breakages were evaluated using Comet assay. The expression levels of protamine 1 (PT1) and transition nuclear protein 2 (Tnp2) genes which are essential for the proper compaction of the sperm DNA were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: Thymoquinone significantly decreased DNA fragmentation in the sperm of nicotine-treated rats. However, there was no change in PT1 gene expression. Tnp2 was downregulated in the nicotine group and slightly upregulated in nicotine-TQ group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrate the potential benefits of TQ in improving sperm DNA quality of nicotine-induced male infertility.

scholarly journals IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE, WEIGHT LOSS AND COMORBIDITIES: a study comparing the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch and the banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ignez Xavier de Toledo DUARTE ◽  
Debora Pastore BASSITT ◽  
Otávio Cansanção de AZEVEDO ◽  
Jaques WAISBERG ◽  
Nagamassa YAMAGUCHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types

Context Few studies have evaluated the results of different types of bariatric surgery using the Medical Outcome Study 36 - Health Survey Short-Form (SF-36) quality of life questionnaire, the Bariatric and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) and the reviewed Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life II Questionnaire (M-A QoLQ II) that is part of BAROS. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most common morbid obesity surgery worldwide. However, there is evidence indicating that a biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (DS) is more effective than RYGB in weight loss terms. Objectives To evaluate the impact of different types of bariatric surgery on quality of life, comorbidities and weight loss. Methods Two groups of patients who underwent bariatric surgery conventional Banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (BRYGB) or DS were evaluated through monitoring at 12 to 36 months after surgery, as well as a control group of obese patients who had not undergone surgery. The tools used for this were SF-36, BAROS and M-A QoLQ II. The DS group consisted of 17 patients and the BRYGB group consisted of 20. The control group comprised 20 independent, morbidly obese individuals. Results The mean age of the patients in the groups was 45.18 in the DS group, 49.75 in the BRYGB group and 44.25 in the control group, with no significant difference. There was no difference in the ratio of men to women in the groups. The patients that had surgery showed a significant improvement in all domains of quality of life vs the control group. Comparing the two groups that underwent surgery, the DS group achieved better quality of life results in terms of “general state of health” and “pain”, according to responses to the SF-36 tool, and in terms of “sexual interest”, according to responses to the M-A QoLQ II tool. There was no significant difference among the three groups regarding the ratio of occurrence of comorbidities. In the groups that had surgery, the resolution of comorbidities was similar. The final classification according to the BAROS Protocol was excellent for the DS group and very good for the BRYGB group, with a statistical difference in favor of the DS group (P = 0.044*). There was no difference in the percentages of excess weight loss between the DS group (82.1%) and the BRYGB group (89.4%) (P = 0.376). Conclusions A comparison of the performance of the groups, which were monitored from 12 to 36 months after surgery, showed that the two types of surgery are effective to improve quality of life, comorbidities and weight loss. The DS surgery produced better results in the quality of life evaluations regarding 2 of 8 domains according to the SF-36, and “sexual interest” according to the M-A QoLQ II. In the groups that had surgery, the patients showed high rates of comorbidity resolution. Weight loss was similar for the two surgical groups.

scholarly journals Face Likeness Affects Face Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Balas ◽  
Claire Bailly
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Training Task ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Robust Recognition ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

Learning to recognize new faces depends critically on learning to cope with the substantial appearance variability that faces are subject to: The same individual can look very different under different viewing conditions. When attempting to match or discriminate between unfamiliar faces, observers tend to misinterpret instances of within-person variability as different exemplars. Exposure to high variability during face learning tends to support better performance in subsequent recognition tasks, and idiosyncratic face variability becomes a part of representations that support accurate face recognition. Though it is clear that the amount of variability is important for learning, it remains an open question whether or not different types of variability support more robust recognition abilities after training. In the present study, we addressed this question by asking observers to complete an incidental learning task in which they were either presented with good likenesses or poor likenesses of target faces. Following this training task, all participants were tested with a novel set of face images including new exemplars of the individuals presented during training. We found that the quality of face likenesses affected performance during the training task, but did not lead to different outcomes at test. Both kinds of training improved different aspects of performance relative to a control group that received no training at all, however, suggesting that both good and poor examples of an individual’s appearance are useful for establishing representations for recognition.

scholarly journals The effect on sleep quality of music in older people in rest homeHuzurevinde yaşayan yaşlılarda müziğin uyku kalitesine etkisi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 3939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şebnem Çınar Yücel ◽  
İsmet Eşer ◽  
Leyla Khorshid ◽  
Serkan Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Material Research ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rest Home

Purpose: This research is an experimental randomized controlled study (pretest-posttest control group of the study) which is carried out to investigate the effect on sleep quality of two different types of music in older people who had poor quality of sleep in rest home.Method and material: Research was conducted in a rest home in İzmir between the dates November 2010 and February 2012. The research sample was comprised of a total of 35 older persons who met the research criteria in the Turkish Art Music (n=18) and Western Classical Music (n =17) groups. Data were collected by using Elderly Information Form, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Sleep Log and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. It was following elderly people in groups during three weeks. The older people listened 30 minutes of music prior to bedtime. The sleep quality of older people was measured with the PSQI one weekly before music and the three weeks when the music was listened. In the data analysis were used chi square, repeated measures analysis of variance, Mann Whitney U test and LSD (Least-Significant difference) tests.Results: According to the research findings, the PSQI total mean scores of older people in both groups were lower on the weeks when the music was done than prior to music (p<0.05). It was found that the music increased older persons’ sleep quality in TAM and WCM groups. The findings of this study indicated that music has a positive effect on improvement of sleep quality.Conclusion: As a result, this method in practice for nurses have recommended that it was significant in sleep quality of two different types of music in older people in rest home.  ÖzetAmaç: Bu araştırma, huzurevinde yaşayan uyku kalitesi kötü olan yaşlı bireylerde iki farklı müzik türünün uyku kalitesine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmış randomize kontrollü deneysel (ön test-son test kontrol gruplu çalışma)  bir çalışmadır.Yöntem: Araştırma, Kasım 2010 – Şubat 2012 tarihleri arasında İzmir’de bir huzurevinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini,  araştırma örneklem seçim kriterlerine uyan 18’i Türk Sanat Müziği (TSM), 17’si Klasik Batı Müziği (KBM) grubu olmak üzere toplam 35 yaşlı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri, Yaşlı Tanıtım Formu, Durumluk-Sürekli Anksiyete Ölçeği, Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği, Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi, Günlük Uyku Kayıt Formu ve Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi uygulanarak toplanmıştır. TSM ve KBM grubundaki yaşlılar üç hafta süresince takip edilmiştir. Yaşlılara, yatma saatinden önce 30 dakika süreyle müzik dinletilmiştir. Yaşlıların uyku kalitesi, müzik uygulanmadan önceki bir hafta ve müziğin dinletildiği üç hafta PUKİ ile ölçüldü. Verilerin analizinde ki-kare, tekrarlayan ölçümlerde varyans analizi, Mann Whitney U testi ve LSD (Least-Significant difference) testi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırma bulgularına göre; her iki gruptaki yaşlılarda, müziğin dinletildiği haftalardaki PUKİ toplam puan ortalamaları müziğin uygulanmadığı haftaya göre daha düşüktü (p<0.05). Müziğin, TSM ve KBM gruplarındaki yaşlıların uyku kalitesini arttırdığı bulundu. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, müziğin uyku kalitesini iyileştirmede pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlılarda iki farklı müzik türünün uyku kalitesinde anlamlı bir değişiklik meydana getirmesi nedeniyle bu yöntemin hemşireler tarafından uygulanması önerilmektedir.

scholarly journals hCG Priming Before Ovary Collection Increasing The Oocyte Quality In The Domestic Cat

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Karisma Mardatillah ◽  
Rini Widyastuti ◽  
Diah Nugrahani Pristihadi ◽  
Wahyudin ◽  
Sigit Prastowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Slicing Method ◽  
Determining Factor

Oocyte competence is a determining factor that influences the embryo development. Embryos produced in vitro have a reduced developmental competence than embryos produced in vivo. Therefore, human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) injection was carried out to improve the quality of the oocytes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ovarian stimulation with hCG before ovary collection on oocyte quality in the domestic cat. Oocyte donors were either 1) treated with a single dose of 200 IU hCG four days before ovary collection (hCG group), or, 2) no treatment before ovary collection (control group). The oocytes were collected by the slicing method. Immature cumulus oophorus complexes (COCs) from both groups were pooled and matured in vitro for 24-26 hours. Then mature oocytes were fertilized with epididymal sperm and cultured in vitro for seven days. The results study showed that the number of the dominant follicle (DF) and the number of COCs in the hCG group was higher than the control group in right and left ovaries (p<0.05). The morulae and blastocyst rates from cleavage embryos were 88% and 75%, respectively. These results demonstrate that hCG priming of oocytes donors before ovary collection improve oocyte quality.

scholarly journals Effects of Kapok Seed Extract(Ceiba pentandra Gaertn) as Contraceptive Agent to the Quality of the Spermatozoa in Domestic Cat (Felis domestica)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitti Mughniati ◽  
Dwi Kesuma Sari ◽  
Dedy Rendrawan ◽  
Lellah Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Group I

Contraception is a way to prevent the fusion of mature egg cell and sperm during the intercourse, so the fertilization will not occur. Some contraceptive methods in small animals have been evolved. This research aimed to determine the effects of kapok seed (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn) extract as contraception agent to the quality of spermatozoain domestic cats. The animals were divided into four group with each group consisted of six male cats. Group I, II, III was designated as the treatment groups and IV as the control group. The cats were given the emulsion of kapok seeds extract orally with concentration of 0,1%  b/v, 0,71 mg/kg BB, 0,36 mg/kg BB and 0,21 mg/kg BB doses. This study used Randomized Complete Random Design (RAL) design from sperm quality data and used ANOVA statistic test. The result showed that the concentration of sperm decreased in the treatment groups compared with the control group. Statistically, the sperm concentration decreased significantly (P < 0,05) between the control group and treatment groups. The average motility in low and medium doses was above 40% while it was below than 40% in the high doses group. Based on the results, the granting of kapok seed extract inhibited the viability of spermatozoa of cats with significant results (P < 0,05). Sperm abnormalities in this study was obtained from the control group with percentage average of 1 % , while it was significantly increased in the treatment groups marked by abnormalities in the shape of the head and tail of the spermatozoa. These results suggested that kapok seed extract can be used as one of the contraceptive agents in domestic cat (Felis domestica) because it can decrease the sperm quality significantly.

scholarly journals Quality of life indicators in pregnant women with a history of different types of infertility

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
L.E. Tumanova ◽  
◽  
E.V. Kolomiets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Ii

Purpose — to study the indicators of quality of life in pregnant women with a history of different types of infertility. Materials and methods. The study of quality of life indicators was carried out in 127 women aged 20 to 49 years, 97 of whom had a history of infertility of various origins and 30 pregnant women who had it. The distribution of pregnant women into groups was based on the factor of infertility: Group I — 35 pregnant women with a history of endocrine infertility, Group II — 37 pregnant women with a history of inflammatory infertility, Group III — 25 pregnant women with a history of combined infertility of inflammatory genesis with endocrine, Group IV (control) — 30 healthy pregnant women who did not have a history of infertility. The method of assessing quality of life was the WHOQOL-BREF Short Questionnaire. Results. The indicators of quality of life and general health, according to the subjective assessment of the patients, were the lowest in group III — 2.5±0.10 points and 2.1±0.05 points. In group I patients, the score was 3.1±0.15 points and 3.2±0.20 points and in group II — 3.2±0.10 points and 3.3±0.07 points, respectively. It should be noted that the most positive assessment of these indicators took place in the control group of pregnant women — 5.0±0.3 points. Thus, the physical functioning was assessed by the patients of group III at 16.7±1.1 points, and self+perception — at 20.5±1.6 points. A patient of groups I and II with a history of infertility assessed these indicators — 18.2±1.3 points; 23.4±1.5 points and 19.5±1.4 points; 22.6±1.6 points, respectively. The women in the control group had higher scores — 24.7±1.8 points; 25.7±1.7 points. Microsocial support in groups I, II, III was assessed 8.2±0.3 points; 9.3±0.5 points; 7.7±0.2 points, but in the control group — 13.7±0.1 points. The indicators of social well+being were 22.4±1.8 points; 23.5±1.9 points; 20.6±1.5 in groups I, II, III, and in the control group — 36.4±2.1 points. Conclusions. In women who became pregnant after long-term treatment of infertility in anamnesis, there was a significant deterioration in quality of life indicators compared with healthy women, which is explained by the high incidence of obstetric complications in them. Determination of quality of life indicators in women with a history of infertility is an integral part of monitoring during pregnancy, which allows adequate assessment and timely correction of physical, social and psycho-emotional functions in the interests of the mother and the fetus. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: short WHO questionnaire, quality of life assessment, pregnancy after infertility.

Epistemic and relational conflicts in sharing identical vs. complementary information during cooperative learning

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Darnon ◽  
Céline Buchs ◽  
Fabrizio Butera
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Relational Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

When interacting on a learning task, which is typical of several academic situations, individuals may experience two different motives: Understanding the problem, or showing their competences. When a conflict (confrontation of divergent propositions) emerges from this interaction, it can be solved either in an epistemic way (focused on the task) or in a relational way (focused on the social comparison of competences). The latter is believed to be detrimental for learning. Moreover, research on cooperative learning shows that when they share identical information, partners are led to compare to each other, and are less encouraged to cooperate than when they share complementary information. An epistemic vs. relational conflict vs. no conflict was provoked in dyads composed by a participant and a confederate, working either on identical or on complementary information (N = 122). Results showed that, if relational and epistemic conflicts both entailed more perceived interactions and divergence than the control group, only relational conflict entailed more perceived comparison activities and a less positive relationship than the control group. Epistemic conflict resulted in a more positive perceived relationship than the control group. As far as performance is concerned, relational conflict led to a worse learning than epistemic conflict, and - after a delay - than the control group. An interaction between the two variables on delayed performance showed that epistemic and relational conflicts were different only when working with complementary information. This study shows the importance of the quality of relationship when sharing information during cooperative learning, a crucial factor to be taken into account when planning educational settings at the university.

Results of osteopathic correction of patients with post-traumatic coccygodynia

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Antonova ◽  
A. M. Iskandarov ◽  
I. B. Mizonova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
Osteopathic Treatment ◽  
Post Traumatic

Introduction.Coccygodynia is a multidisciplinary disease which is diffi cult to treat. It seriously limits the ability to work and signifi cantly affects the quality of life of patients. The study of somatic dysfunctions in patients with coccygodynia and the analysis of the results of osteopathic treatment of such patients makes it possible to justify the necessity of osteopathic correction of coccygodynia.Goal of the study— to determine the structure of the leading somatic dysfunctions in patients with coccygodynia and to study the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment of this pathology.Materials and methods.The study involved 44 patients from 25 to 65 years old, randomly divided into two groups. The main group of 24 people (20 women and 4 men) received osteopathic treatment, in accordance with the identifi ed leading somatic dysfunctions. Patients of the control group (16 women and 4 men) were treated locally with soft manual techniques (the treatment area was limited by the pelvic region). In order to assess the results of the treatment, we examined the intensity of the pain syndrome and the psycho-emotional state of patients. The severity of the pain syndrome was assessed in accordance with the visual analogue scale (VAS). The psycho-emotional state (with physical and mental components) was assessed with the help of the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire.Results.Somatic dysfunctions typical for patients with coccygodynia have been identifi ed. Osteopathic treatment has proven to be more effective in comparison with local manual therapy of coccygodynia both in early periods and in 3 months after the end of the treatment course.Conclusion.Osteopathic treatment of post-traumatic coccygodynia is effective, and can be recommended for treatment of such patients.

Experience of using time-lapse microscopy in IVF and ICSI programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
N. V. Saraeva ◽  
N. V. Spiridonova ◽  
M. T. Tugushev ◽  
O. V. Shurygina ◽  
A. I. Sinitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Single Embryo Transfer ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Lapse Microscopy

In order to increase the pregnancy rate in the assisted reproductive technology, the selection of one embryo with the highest implantation potential it is very important. Time-lapse microscopy (TLM) is a tool for selecting quality embryos for transfer. This study aimed to assess the benefits of single-embryo transfer of autologous oocytes performed on day 5 of embryo incubation in a TLM-equipped system in IVF and ICSI programs. Single-embryo transfer following incubation in a TLM-equipped incubator was performed in 282 patients, who formed the main group; the control group consisted of 461 patients undergoing single-embryo transfer following a traditional culture and embryo selection procedure. We assessed the quality of transferred embryos, the rates of clinical pregnancy and delivery. The groups did not differ in the ratio of IVF and ICSI cycles, average age, and infertility factor. The proportion of excellent quality embryos for transfer was 77.0% in the main group and 65.1% in the control group (p = 0.001). In the subgroup with receiving eight and less oocytes we noted the tendency of receiving more quality embryos in the main group (р = 0.052). In the subgroup of nine and more oocytes the quality of the transferred embryos did not differ between two groups. The clinical pregnancy rate was 60.2% in the main group and 52.9% in the control group (p = 0.057). The delivery rate was 45.0% in the main group and 39.9% in the control group (p > 0.050).

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