Factors Affecting The Participation of Tammekkawatang Grazing Pasture Regency of Pinrang, South Sulawesi

Participation is an important component in the process of empowering a community, especially farmers. In this process, the community is supported to improve prosperity independently. The role of institutions as facilitators who accompany the empowerment process. In principle, the community is the perpetrator and the subject of development. it requires Information related factors that influence the participation of breeders in the Empowerment program so that the preparation of empowerment strategy can be more directional and the result will be more optimal. This research aims to determine the factors affecting the participation of farmers in the grazing Empowerment program as a reference to create a more interesting empowerment program. The research was conducted in the Pinrang district of Suppa and Mattirobulu sub-districts with samples of 147 breeders. The collection of research data is done using questionnaires and then carried out data using the SmartPLS statistics tool. The result of this research is known that the factors affecting the participation of farmers are the motivation and stakeholder role.

Identification of Worm Types that Infest Bali Cattle in Bolo District

Bali cattle are the primary genetic resources of Indonesia. Besides beef cattle are used as breeds, they are also distributed to all regions in Indonesia. One of the requirements for good quality of beef cattle is to be free from parasitic diseases. Bima Regency is one of the areas of Bali cattle population centers in West Nusa Tenggara, but the Bali cattle maintenance system in Bima Regency is generally still extensive, certainly increasing the potential for diseases. The disease can cause economic losses, disrupt the health of livestock and the health of people who consume meat derived from parasitic-infected animals. This study used 50 stool samples of Bali cattle aged 5 to 12 months taken randomly. The sedimentation and flotation method was used to identify nematode worm eggs. The parameters observed were gastrointestinal parasitic morphology, and then the data were analyzed descriptively. It was found two types of parasites that infected bali cattle in Bolo Sub-district, Ascaris spp, and Trichuris sp. As caris spp infected as many as 72% of 50 bali cattle faecal samples, 72% were infected by Trichuris sp., and mixture of Ascaris spp and Trichuris spp infected 54 % of the sampled cattle. The improvement of cage management and cattle maintenance system are necessary to implement. Those are by taking into high-quality nutrition feeding, regular anthelminthic treatment, and avoiding the feeding of green forage to avoid worm infection and re-infection.

Lung Change Pattern On Domestic Cat (Felis Silvestris Catus) Exposed By Factory Air Pollution With X-Ray Thorax Interpretation

The pathology density changes for X-Ray interpretation of the lungs are difficult to distinguish, because the disease is not easily classified and may represent a variety of lung disorders. The study was aimed of this research to found the lung disease of domestic cats (Felis Silvestris Catus) that exposure to air pollutions in the industrial area of region Manyar, district Gresik. The type of this research was observational study Explorative that using the simple random sampling and observed nine cats for the sampling.The results of X-ray Thorax in this research showed that there are changing in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, an 9th of the sampling cats. On the third, fifth and the seventh of the cats, we found the same condition that there was change the vascular patterns that were enlargement, vascular constriction or ambiguity structures. From the results of the vascular patern indicate the disorder of left-sided heart failure (Mitral Isufisiency) or obstruction of the left atrium. On the fourth of the cat, there was bronchial pattern that showed the classification, dilatation and thickness of the lung. On the sixth of the cats, there were changes on interstitial pattern with the pictures of nodulars that were not structures and on the ninth of the cats, we can found the same conditions with the fourth and the sixth of cats were visible Interstitial Pattern and Bronchial Interstitial Pattern.

Ethanolic extract of black grapes (Vitis Vinifera) ameliorates overtraining-induced pancreatic β-cells and muscle damage

Overtraining is a high-volume, high-intensity, long-duration, and high-frequency training. The heavier physical training, the more oxygen needed for metabolism. Increasing oxygen usage causes an elevation of electron leakage in mitochondria;thus,produce a higher amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant inhibits oxidative damage in a target molecule. Grapes contain a lot of antioxidants, such as polyphenols and anthocyanins. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ethanol extract of Balinese grapes (Vitis vinifera) on β-cells and muscle damage in overtraining-induced rats. This study was a completely randomized experimental study using a posttest only control group design. Samples were 36 male albino rats (Rattus norvergicus), aged 2.5-3 months, divided randomly into two groups. The control group (P0), 18 rats, were given overtraining and placebo of 2 ml distilled water; the treatment group (P1) 18 rats, were given overtraining and 25g/kg.BW ethanol extract of Balinese grapes. The result showed the average amount of pancreatic β-cells in the P0 group was higher than the P1 group (p< 0.001). In addition, the average level of creatine kinase was also higher in the P1 group than those of the P0 group (p<0,001). It can be concluded that the administration of ethanolic extract of Balinese grapes mitigates the damage on pancreatic β-cells and muscle cells induced with overtraining.

Physiological Status of Stunned and Non-Stunned Broilers: Blood Profile, and Brain Histopathology

Stunning method before slaughtering is considered more animal welfare compared to a non-stunning method and also reduces stress levels in broilers. As for the bleed-out efficiency, testing was done indirectly by blood volume measurement which consists of erythrocyte count, leucocyte count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit values, and erythrocyte index in broilers. Brain histopathology was also carried out to see the effect of electrical stunning towards the brain tissues. The stunning method used is electrical stunning via water bath with the capacity of 146 mAh. The results showed that the stunning method before slaughtering caused smaller number of erythrocytes and hematocrit values, and the brain histopathology showed that stunning causes encephalopathy.

Encoding Gene Identification in Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B from Nasal Mucosa of the Dog

This research aimed to know the enterotoxin B in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the nasal mucosa of the dog. Six of fifteen samples have characteristics like cocci shaped, Gram-positive, mannitol fermented, produce catalase, coagulase and acetyl methyl carbinol. Then to identify enterotoxin B in 6 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus using PCR techniques. Result of the identification of gene that are 50% positive samples had enterotoxin B. Further research is needed on high sensitivity antibiotic for treatment of the caused by Staphylococcus aureus infections, as well as the need cautious to the spread of enterotoxin B in Staphylococcus aureus.

Determining Image Opacity in Broiler Respiratory Radiographic Using ImageJ and Ansel Adam’s Zone System

The diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory, lung, and air sacs generally uses radiographic images by radiologists. Therefore, the results are very subjective, causing differences in the interpretation and diagnosis among different radiologists. A radiographic image reading needs to be made in the form of a simple, fast, and accurate algorithm. The study aimed to reduce subjectivity and be easily carried out by radiology medical personnel, especially veterinarians. This study carried out density measurements by image processing using ImageJ software on 14 radiographic images of broiler chickens. Furthermore, the density value is associated with the Ansel Adam's - grayscale system to determine the opacity of respiratory tract tissues/organs, which were previously inhaled by one of them with chitosan-iopamidol nanoparticles using a nebulizer. The results of density measurements for the category of opacity in radiographic images are that seven spot areas lead brighter (radiopaque) only in chickens that are inhaled mist maker of chitosan-iopamidol nanoparticles. Then the determination of the value range is obtained average value on two ventrodorsal radiographic images, which are inhaled by mist maker of chitosan-iopamidol nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticle compressor. The conclusion of this study was only in chickens that were infested with mist maker chitosan-iopamidol, whose radiographic image had a radiopaque spot and middle-value area.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Fasciolosis in Bali Cattle in Ujung Loe Subdistrict, Bulukumba Regency

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of fasciolosis in Bali cattle in Ujung Loe District, Bulukumba Regency. A total of 157 Balinese cattle fecal samples were collected and selected proportionally from 13 villages in Ujung Loe Subdistrict, Bulukumba Regency. The fecal examination was carried out by the sedimentation method to detect the presence of Fasciola sp. eggs based on the morphology. Risk factors of fasciolosis such as animal age, management, cage condition, intermediate host control, and farmer knowledge were analyzed using Chi-square and Odds Ratio. The results of this study indicated that the prevalence of fasciolosis in Ujung Loe District, Bulukumba Regency was 4.4%. The results of the Chi-square analysis showed that age and management system had a relationship with the incidence of fasciolosis, while other factors were not related to fasciolosis.

Follicular Development of Aged Rats Ovarian Injected Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Female reproductive system showing the fastest signs of aging. The ovarian aging characterized by a decrease in follicular development. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells and can form a variety of different cells as the foundation of tissues and organs. Previous studies reported that Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation can restore follicular development in damaged ovarian rats. This study aimed to analyze the number of follicular development in aged rats and to analyze the capability of human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hUC-MSCs) to improving follicular development in aged rats. This study used 3 mature rats (4 months old), and 9 nine aged rats (22-24 months old), Spraque Dawley (SD) strain. They were divided into four groups. The first and the second group was mature rats and aged rats without injection. The third and the fourth group was aged rats injected hUC-MSCs dose 106 cells/kgBW and hUC-MSCs dose 107 cells/kgBW. The injection carried out 4 times at 3-month intervals. The parameters observed were follicular development and homing image of hUC-MSCs in ovarian tissue. The results showed that the number of follicular developments in aged rats 22-24 months decreased significantly compared to mature rats 4 months old. Injection of hUC-MSCs at dose 106 cells/kgBW and 107 cells/kgBW did not increase follicular development in aged rats. hUC-MSCs did not found in ovarian tissue. It could be concluded that aged rats 22-24 months old no longer productive indicated from the number of follicular developments and corpus luteum decreased. The injection of hUC-MSCs intravenously did not indicate an improvement of follicular development in aged rats 22-24 months old.

UNILATERAL SPECTACULOTOMY ON A BURMESE PYTHON (Python bivittatus) WITH SUBSPECTACULAR ABSCESS: A CASE REPORT

A three year old female adult albino Python bivittatus weighing 12 kilograms was presented with a chief complaint of right spectacle growth and whitening. The snake also had a respiratory infection which started about 2 weeks prior to being presented. Physical examination showed bubbly nostrils, inflammation on the right eye, inflammation on the right palatum of the oral cavity, and crackling sound during auscultation when exhaling and hissing. The snake was diagnosed with subspectacular abscess and respiratory infection. Spectaculotomy was performed under general and local anesthesia. All abscesses were removed using a sterile sexing probe while continuously flushing the eye. Topical antiseptic was diluted and flushed into the eye before topical antibiotic eye ointment was applied. Post-operative treatment included daily flushing using an intravenous catheter, eye ointment application, and administration of systemic antibiotic and NSAID to treat the co-related respiratory infection. Three weeks after the surgery the snake went through ecdysis, after which the snake regained its appetite and recovery was thereafter significantly improved.