17 TESTICULAR HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RAMS TREATED WITH LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
M. R. Bianchi-Alves ◽  
E. C. C. Celeghini ◽  
R. P. de Arruda ◽  
A. F. C. De Andrade ◽  
L. Batissaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Scrotal Insulation ◽  
Testicular Degeneration ◽  
Group 1

Testicular degeneration is caused by the loss of testicular thermoregulation induced by high environmental temperature, reproductive disruptions, fever, and others processes. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is an important tool to induce cellular proliferation and to stimulate mitosis. This biostimulatory effect was observed in the seminiferous epithelium of rats treated with LLLT, obtaining better results using a cumulative dose of 28.05 J cm–2 rather than 46.80 J cm–2 (Taha and Valojerdi 2004 Lasers Surg. Med. 34, 352–359). Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different LLLT protocols on testes histopathological characteristics of rams submitted to scrotal insulation for the induction of the testicular degeneration. For this, 6 rams were divided in 3 groups: (1) control, without LLLT treatment (n = 2); (2) LLLT treatment with a cumulative dose of 28 J cm–2 (n = 2); and (3) LLLT treatment with a cumulative dose of 56 J cm–2 (n = 2). Treatment was performed once a day and repeated every 48 h during a 15-day interval in the treated groups (2 and 3). The output power used was the same for the treated groups (30 mW). Scrotal insulation was done in all rams at 72 h before the beginning of the treatment period. The rams were castrated after 35 days of scrotal insulation. Both testes were divided in 3 parts: ventral, medium, and dorsal. The testes segments were fixed using Bouin fluid and stained using hematoxylin-eosin. Analyses were performed by light microscopy (model 80i; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) using the NIS-Elements AR® to measure the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and the seminiferous tubules total area. Ten different areas of each testicular segment were analysed and, in each area, 2 seminiferous tubules were chosen randomly. For this analysis, the percentage of the lumen area of the seminiferous tubule in relation to the total area of the seminiferous tubule (lumen/lumen + tubule) was determined. In parallel, degree of degeneration was classified by blind analysis, as light, moderate, or severe, in each testicular segment. The data was analysed employing SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The treatment effect was tested using PROC GLM (ANOVA). Tukey's test was used to compare the averages. A treatment effect (P < 0.001) was observed. Group 2 (14.55 ± 2.08%) presented a lower percentage of lumen than did group 1 (36.78 ± 3%) and 3 (30.98 ± 2.24%). The degeneration degree of ram testes of group 1 was classified as moderate for 1 ram and severe for the other, whereas, in group 2, it was classified as light for both rams. For group 3, it was classified as moderate for both rams. Thus, it is possible to conclude that LLLT treatment is efficient, and that the cumulative dose of 28 J cm–2 is more efficient than the cumulative dose of 56 Jcm–2, a corroboration of previous results in rats (Ibid.). However, the results are preliminary and more studies are being done by our group. The authors acknowledge FAPESP processes 2012/00040-0 and 2011/16744-3.

scholarly journals Experimental model for low level laser therapy on ischemic random skin flap in rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Paschoal Prado ◽  
Richard Eloin Liebano ◽  
Bernardo Hochman ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Pinfildi ◽  
Lydia Masako Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental model to be used in the study of low level Laser therapy on viability of random skin flap in rats. METHODS: The sample was 24 Wistar-EPM rats. The random skin flap measured 10 x 4 cm and a plastic sheet was interposed between the flap and donor site. Group 1 (control) underwent sham irradiation with diode laser (830 nm). Group 2 was submitted to laser irradiation with diode laser (830 nm). The animals were submitted to Laser therapy with 36 J/cm² energy density (72 seconds) immediately after the surgery and on the four subsequent days. The probe was usually held in contact with the skin flap surface on a point at 2.5 cm cranial from the flap base. On the seventh postoperative day, the percentage of necrotic area was measured and calculated. RESULTS: Group 1 reached an average necrotic area of 48.86%, Group 2 - 23.14%. After the statistic analysis, compared with the control group, Group 2 showed a statistically significant increase in survival area (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The experimental model proved to be reliable to be used in the study of effects of low level laser therapy in random skin flap in rats.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Irradiation in Reducing Pain and Accelerating Socket Healing After Undisturbed Tooth Extraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Ahrari ◽  
Majid Eshghpour ◽  
Reza Zare ◽  
Samaneh Ebrahimi ◽  
Amir Fallahrastegar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on reducing complications following tooth extraction. Methods: This randomized clinical trial consisted of 40 subjects who underwent lower molar extraction. The patients were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 was irradiated with a 660 nm laser (200 mW, 30 seconds radiation to lingual, buccal and occlusal surfaces of the socket, 6 J/area). In group 2, an 810 nm laser was applied similar to group 1. In group 3, a combination of 660 and 810 nm lasers was used. The patients in group 4 served as a placebo group. LLLT was performed after 0.5-1 hour of extraction and 2 days later. The participants were asked to record pain degree using a visual analogue scale (VAS) over 7 days. The amount of wound healing was evaluated on the third and seventh days. Results: There was no significant difference in pain scores among the groups at any of the assessment intervals (P>0.05). The between-group differences in wound healing scores were small and insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: LLLT with 660 nm or 810 nm lasers or their combination had no greater effect than the placebo laser for reducing the complications of tooth extraction.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) vs. topical application of amlexanox + lidocaine to treat recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs): A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Charu Mohan Marya ◽  
Jiksha Mehlawat ◽  
Ruchi Nagpal ◽  
Sakshi Kataria ◽  
Pratibha Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Aphthous Ulcers ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background. The present study aimed to assess and compare the pain perception and ulcer sizes before and after applying low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and Amlexanox + lidocaine. Methods. Twenty-six patients referring to the out-patient department of the institution and diagnosed with recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) were assigned to two groups to receive either LLLT or Amlexanox + lidocaine. In group 1, the patients were provided with amlexanox + lidocaine to apply topically four times daily. In group 2, the patients underwent LLLT with no tissue contact in inward circular motions for two cycles for 30 seconds. This study was registered in "the Clinical Trials Registry- India" (CTRI), with the registration number CTRI/2019/09/028222. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16. Results. The intergroup comparison was performed using Mann-Whitney U test, and intragroup comparisons were made using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test. The level of significance was set at P<0.05. The results showed that pain perception and ulcer size were significantly lower in group 2 subjects than group 1 subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion. LLLT was more effective than amlexanox + lidocaine in the management of RAU. It is a cost-effective therapy for treating RAU.

Can addition of low level laser therapy to conventional physical therapy be beneficial for management of pain and cervical range of motion in patients with trigger point of upper trapezius?

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Iqra Waseem ◽  
Fahad Tanveer ◽  
Arooj Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Cervical Range Of Motion ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Group 1

Objective: Trigger points commonly develop in upper trapezius muscle. These might be associated with neck pain arising from trigger points of trapezius. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of conventional physical therapy (CPT) with and without low level laser therapy (LLLT) on pain and cervical range of motion (ROM) in patients with trigger point of upper trapezius muscle. Methodology: An RCT was conducted with a sample size of 62 patients. The study was completed within 9 months after approval of synopsis. Data were collected from Health Care Physiotherapy, Sports, Spine & Rehabilitation Center, Faisalabad (Pakistan). Patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups; 31 patients of Group-1 received low-level laser therapy with CPT, while Group-2 (n=31) patients received CPT as the only treatment protocol. Patients pain level was assessed using Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and cervical ROM was measured by goniometry at baseline and subsequently at 2nd and 4th week follow-ups. Results: Results of the study obtained by applying repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was mean reduction in pain scores from day 1 to week 4 in within group analysis of LLLT + CPT Group (Group=1) and within group analysis of CPT Group (Group=2) (p < 0.05). Statistically significant improvement was observed in all mean cervical ROMs especially for lateral flexion ROM for both groups in within group analysis (p < 0.05). Statistically significant improvement was seen in NPRS score at week four between Group-1 and 2, measured by independent sample t-test with p < 0.05. Whereas, independent sample t-test results showed no significant improvement in cervical ROMs at week four between Group-1 and 2 (p ˃ 0.05). Conclusion: Conventional physical therapy and low level laser therapy used in combination are more effective than conventional physical therapy alone in patients of trigger points of upper trapezius. Citation: Waseem I, Tanveer F, Fatima A. Can addition of low level laser therapy to conventional physical therapy be beneficial for management of pain and cervical range of motion in patients with trigger point of upper trapezius? Anaesth pain & intensiv care 2019;23(2):__ DOI: https://doi.org/10.35975/apic.v24i1. Received – 4 September 2019, Reviewed – 31 December 2019, 26 January 2020, Revised – 18 March 2020, Accepted – 9 May 2019

scholarly journals Measurements of jaw movements and TMJ pain intensity in patients treated with GaAlAs laser

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Oliveira Mazzetto ◽  
Takami Hirono Hotta ◽  
Renata Campi de Andrade Pizzo
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Laser Application ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Group A ◽  
Tmj Pain ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mandibular Movements

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the improvement of the mandibular movements and painful symptoms in individuals with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Forty patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=20): Group 1 received the effective dose (GaAlAs laser ? 830 nm, 40 mW, 5J/cm2) and Group 2 received the placebo application (0 J/cm2), in continuous mode on the affected condyle lateral pole: superior, anterior, posterior, and posterior-inferior, twice a week during 4 weeks. Four evaluations were performed: E1 (before laser application), E2 (right after the last application), E3 (one week after the last application) and E4 (30 days after the last application). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed significant more improvements (p<0.01) in painful symptoms in the treated group than in the placebo group. A significant improvement in the range of mandibular movements was observed when the results were compared between the groups at E4. Laser application can be a supportive therapy in the treatment of TMD, since it resulted in the immediate decrease of painful symptoms and increased range of mandibular movements in the treated group. The same results were not observed in the placebo group.

scholarly journals THU0338 THE CIRCULATING CD19-POSITIVE LYMPHOCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: MODULATION WITHIN A YEAR AFTER THE INITIATION OF RITUXIMAB THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 400.1-400
Author(s):  
L. P. Ananyeva ◽  
L. Garzanova ◽  
O. Koneva ◽  
M. Starovoytova ◽  
O. Desinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Short Disease Duration ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background:Significant disorders of B-cell homeostasis have been detected in systemic sclerosis (SSc) [1,2]. The improvement of the disease with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (RTM) has been shown in SSc [3]. There are limited data on change in circulating B lymphocytes count after RTM treatment in patients with SSc.Objectives:to investigate the modulations in absolute and relative numbers of circulating CD19-positive B lymphocytes (B-lymph) in patients with SSc within a year after the initiation of RTM therapy.Methods:71 pts with SSc were included in the prospective study. Mean age was 46±13 yrs., 83% were women, 59% had diffuse subset. Duration of SSC from the first non-Raynaud`s symptom was 5.6 ± 4.4 yrs. All pts received low doses of glucocorticoids and 45% -immunosuppressive medications. The average follow-up of patients was 13.2 ± 2.0 (11-18) months. The mean dose of RTM for the period of follow up was 1.43 ± 0.60 grams, 48 patients received < 2 g of RTM (group 1, mean of 1.1 ± 0.1 g) and 23 patients received ≥ 2 grams of RTM (group 2, mean dose of 2.2 ± 0.6 g). Peripheral blood CD19-positive cell count was obtained by flow cytometry in patients and in 20 healthy persons, comparable in sex and age. Data are presented as the percentage (P %) and absolute number (AN) of B-lymph per ml of blood. In patients, the number of B-lymph was determined before (n=67 pts), within first month after the first introduction of RTM (n=66), 6 months later (n=34) and at the end of the study (n=71)Results:At baseline, the AN and P% of B-lymph in pts did not differ from the healthy control. In pts with short disease duration (≤ 3 yrs.) the number of B-lymph before treatment with RTM was the higher (compared with longer duration > 3 yrs) those who was ill ≥3 yrs.) and there was negative correlation between B-lymph count and duration of the disease (R - 0.36, p=0.003 for AN and R - 0.48, p=0.001 for P %). The number of B-lymph was significantly lower in patients receiving cyclophosphamide (Cyc) before being started with RTM. There was a negative correlation between the AN of B-lymph and the cumulative dose of Cyc (R -0.293, p=0.016). In 1 month after the initiation of RTM a complete depletion of B-lymph was observed in all pts and in six months it persisted in 79% of cases, the rest began to repopulate (15%) or reached a normal levels (6%). At the end of the follow up the number of B-lymph was significantly lower than before treatment and a complete (n=41 pts) or partial (n=23) depletion of B-lymph remained, and only in 7 (10%) pts the count of this cells was normalized. We revealed a negative correlation between the AN of B-lymph and the cumulative dose of RTM (R-0.237, p=0.048). Higher doses of RTM in group 2 induced a more significant depletion than in group 1. Change in forced vital capacity and diffusing capacity of the lung (% predicted) during follow up were less pronounced for pts in group 1 compared with group 2 (ΔFVC 2,4% and 7,5% p=0,01; ΔDLCO -0,35% and 5,05%, p=0,001, respectively).Conclusion:RTM may be more effective at the early stage of the disease, when the level of B-lymph is the highest. In SSc, the repopulation of B-lymph after depletion with RTM develops slowly. There were a more significant depletion of B-lymph and a more pronounced improvement in pulmonary function with the higher dose of RTM to compare with the lower one. This results indicate the option of a flexible dosing regimen of RTM.References:[1]Sanges S. et al. La Revue de médecine interne 38 (2017) 113–124[2]Forestier A. et al. Autoimmunity Reviews 17 (2018) 244–255[3]Jordan S, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2015;74:1188–1194.doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204522Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Histopathologic features of male domestic cat (Felis domestica) testes induced by bisphenol-A orally

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fachira Ulfa Makmur ◽  
Fika Yuliza Purba ◽  
Dwi Kesuma Sari
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Group 1

Infertility in cat becomes a serious problem in pet community since many compounds of infertility-caused can be found widely in the environment. One of the compounds causing infertility in mammals is Bisphenol-A (BPA), which is known as an estrogenic compound. The purpose of this research is to observe the changes in testicular histology of male domestic cat (Felis domestica) induced by BPA orally. Sample used in this study were 24 male domestic cats divided into 4 groups, namely the group 1 as control, group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with BPA about 5, 10 and 100 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively for 5 days. The results showed that the estrogenic effect of BPA affects the reproductive system of the cat. The effects of BPA in cat included decrease in the amounts of spermatozoa, vacuolization of seminiferous tubules cells, degeneration of Leydig cells, degeneration of tubular epithelial cells,  irregular forms of the germ, interstitial tissue hemorrhage, debris cell filled the lumen of seminiferous tubules. These results suggested that BPA can be harmful to the reproductive system of the cat

scholarly journals Histological and Weight Changes in the Testes of Plasmodium Berghei- Infected Swiss Mice Treated with Chloroquine

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
N.S. Etukudoh ◽  
A.B. Deko ◽  
Uchejeso Obeta ◽  
S.K. Oyero ◽  
O.R. Ejinaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Chloroquine has gained great emphasis in the treatment of malaria. This study sought experimentally to determine the histomorphological and weight changes in the testes of male mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine. The study used 30 Swiss mice divided into five groups. Group 1 is Control that was not infected with Plasmodium berghei and not treated with chloroquine as control, Group 2 is Plasmodium (Plasmodiul berghei) Infected animals but not treated, Group 3 is Plasmodium Infected animals + Chloroquine (5mg/kg), Group 4 is Plasmodium Infected animals + Chloroquine (10mg/kg) and Group 5 is Plasmodium Infected animals + Chloroquine (15mg/kg). The mice were treated for 7 days after parasitaemia was confirmed and the Group 2-5 testes studied with reference to Group 1. The results showed that the Group 2 showed a little distortion, difference in spermatogenic activities and increased cellular activities; Group 3 showed large, convoluted tubules, moderate number of spermatids and large interstitial spaces, Group 4 showed Large seminiferous tubules, large spermatids, increased distortion and group 5 showed shrinking of seminiferous tubules, degeneration of interstitial cells of Leydig cells and Sertolic cells with spermatids. Groups 1-5 showed no significant effect in in body weights and testes weights of Swiss mice. Plasmodium berghei (malaria) and chloroquine have effects on histomorphological structures of Swiss mice testes but not on their teste’s weights. The testicular section from Swiss mice infected with malaria and treated at various doses when compared with the Control (Group 1) showed some moderate distortion in some structures like seminiferous tubules, connective tissues between the tubules, lumen and interstitial spaces. It can be deducted that Plasmodium berghei which caused parasitaemia in mice could cause a little tissue effect on mice if not treated.

scholarly journals Implication of Membrane Androgen Receptor (ZIP9) in Cell Senescence in Regressed Testes of the Bank Vole

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Profaska-Szymik ◽  
Anna Galuszka ◽  
Anna J. Korzekwa ◽  
Anna Hejmej ◽  
Ewelina Gorowska-Wojtowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Membrane Androgen Receptor ◽  
Group 1

Here, we studied the impact of exposure to short daylight conditions on the expression of senescence marker (p16), membrane androgen receptor (ZIP9) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2), as well as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and testosterone levels in the testes of mature bank voles. Animals were assigned to groups based on an analysis of testis diameter, weight, seminiferous tubule diameter and the interstitial tissue area: group 1, not fully regressed (the highest parameters); group 2 (medium parameters); or group 3, regressed (the lowest parameters). Cells positive for p16 were observed only in the seminiferous tubule epithelium. However, in groups 1 and 2, these were mostly cells sloughed into the tubule lumen. In group 3, senescent cells resided in between cells of the seminiferous epithelium. Staining for ZIP9 was found in Sertoli cells. Western blot analysis showed a trend towards a decreased expression of p16 and ZIP9 in the testes of the voles in groups 2 and 3, compared to group 1. In addition, a trend towards an increased expression of ERK, as well as an increase of cAMP and testosterone levels, was revealed in group 2. In the regressed testes, a functional link exists between senescence and androgen levels with implication of ZIP9 and cAMP/ERK signaling pathways.

scholarly journals A pilot study on the use of biolase in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcer

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. e18464
Author(s):  
Nazih shaban Mustafa ◽  
Muhannad Ali Kashmoola ◽  
Muhamad ZulhelmiBaharudin ◽  
Hafiz Izzuddin Hashim ◽  
Omar Abdul Jabbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
Pain Reduction ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Aphthous Ulcer ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer (RAU) is a common oral pathology that produces pain which affects the lifestyle of the patient. Its aetiology and pathogenesis still remain unclear. A considerable number of treatments are available with the main goal directed towards pain relief. Previous studies on RAU treatment using low level laser therapy (LLLT) show immediate pain relief after application. Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare treatment effectiveness in relieving pain provided by Waterlase (BIOLASE) LLLT and conventional topical corticosteroid using Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% dental paste. Methods: Thirty (30) volunteered patients of age between 18-27 years old were divided into two groups. Each group consists of 15 patients with 7 males and 8 females. Group 1 patients were treated by using LLLT while group 2 patients were treated by using triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%. The patient’s details, pain intensity and clinical photographs were recorded in a specially prepared case sheet. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare significance in pain reduction provided by both methods of treatment. Results: Both groups showed significant pain reduction immediately, day 3 and day 7. Higher reduction in pain intensity was observed immediately (p=0.001) and 3 days (p=0.002) after treatment in group 1 patients (LLLT) compared to group 2 patients (triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%). Conclusion: Waterlase (BIOLASE) LLLT is clinically more effective in relieving pain compared to Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1%.

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