Computer modelling of the effect of revegetation strategies on salinity in the western wheatbelt of Western Australia 1. The impact of revegetation strategies

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Clarke ◽  
G. W. Mauger ◽  
R. W. Bell ◽  
R. J. Hobbs CSIRO
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Distributed Parameter ◽  
Remnant Vegetation ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Saline Area ◽  
The Many ◽  
Revegetation Strategies ◽  
The Impact

The interactions between land, vegetation, and climate are highly complex and there are few demonstrations of the many potential combinations of treatments which could be used to combat dryland salinity. For this reason, computer simulations are used. This is the first of 2 papers that describe the results of computer modelling of revegetation strategies to reduce land and water salinisation in the western wheatbelt of Western Australia. A distributed parameter, physically based, cellular, 2-layer, mathematical model was used to simulate the effect of a variety of treatments. Modelling predicted that if current land use continues, 40% of the cleared area will become saline. Modelling replacement of the annual pasture with a deep-rooted perennial pasture or pristine native vegetation prevented the onset of salinity, but block or alley treatments always left a significant residual saline area and seepage even at the highest density of revegetation modelled. Combining remnant vegetation in pristine condition, 60-m-spaced tree belts and deep-rooted perennial pasture in mainly the upper mid-slope bays between tree belts reduced saline land to 10% of the cleared area and seepage volume to 30% of the untreated case. The second paper describes the impact of faults on treatment effectiveness.

Computer modelling of the effect of revegetation strategies on salinity in the western wheatbelt of Western Australia 2.

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Clarke ◽  
G. W. Mauger ◽  
R. W. Bell ◽  
R. J. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
Revegetation Strategies ◽  
The Impact

This is the second of 2 papers to describe computer modelling of the effect of revegetation strategies on land and stream salinity in the wheatbelt of Western Australia and deals with the impact that the higher hydraulic conductivity within major fault zones has on the effectiveness of revegetation treatments. Increasing the hydraulic conductivity by factors of 5 or 10 increases saline seepage by about 140% or 160%, respectively, for most treatments. For a treatment to have the same effect with the fault as without it requires an increase of 50% in the number of tree rows. This has major consequences for the management of water resources, as ignoring faults seriously underestimates the problem. Increasing the hydraulic conductivity has only a fairly small effect on the area of salinised land, an increase of up to 4% of the cleared area. However, tree-row spacing may need to be reduced by two-thirds to have the same effect as would be expected without the fault. Thus, although the change in salt land area is relatively small, the fault still has a big impact on the density of treatments necessary to get the same effect, which has some consequences for land managers.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITIES TO RESTORE NATURAL WATER REGIME IN THE ŽUVINTAS LAKE AND SURROUNDING WETLANDS ‐ MODELLING ANALYSIS APPROACH/NATŪRALAUS VANDENS REŽIMO ŽUVINTO EŽERE IR APLINKINĖSE PELKĖSE ATKŪRIMO ANALIZĖ TAIKANT MATEMATINĮ MODELIAVIMĄ/ AНAЛИЗ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ВОДНОГО РЕЖИМА В ОЗЕРЕ ЖУВИНТАС И ОКРУЖАЮЩИХ БОЛОТАХ С ПОМОЩЬЮ МЕТОДА МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvydas Povilaitis ◽  
Erik P. Querner
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Distributed Parameter ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Management Alternatives ◽  
The Impact

The Žuvintas Lake, located in southern Lithuania in the basin of the Dovine River is one of the biggest lakes and the oldest natural reserves of the country. However, the changes in the hydrology of the Dovine River basin, caused by large‐scale melioration and water management works carried out in the 20th century, have resulted in significant alteration of hydrological regime and decrease in biodiversity of the Žuvintas Lake and surrounding wetlands. In order to prevent the ongoing deterioration of the Lake and wetlands solutions have to be found. Therefore, various scenarios have been analysed to evaluate the impact of water management alternatives. For these scenarios the physically‐based distributed parameter model SIMGRO was used. The results have shown that natural water regime in the Žuvintas Lake is hardly reversible. However, the replacement of sluice‐gates implemented at the outlet of the Žuvintas Lake by overflow weir as well as the blocking of drainage ditches and the removal of scrubs and trees in the wetlands surrounding the Lake can be highly successful measures to improve hydrological conditions. Santrauka Dovinės upės (dešinysis Šešupės upės intakas) baseine yra seniausias Lietuvoje Žuvinto biosferos rezervatas ir kitos europinės svarbos saugomos teritorijos. Tose vietose hidrologinis režimas tiesiogiai reguliuojamas šešiose vietose pastatytais reguliavimo šliuzais. Šiuo metu poreikio reguliuoti nėra, todėl darbe analizuojamos natūralaus vandens režimo atkūrimo galimybės Žuvinto ežere ir aplinkinėse pelkėse. Tam buvo taikytas matematinio modeliavimo metodas naudojant pasiskirsčiusių parametrų SIMGRO modelį. Ankstesni tyrimai parodė, kad atkurti natūralų hidrologinį režimą vien panaikinus reguliavimo šliuzą žemiau Žuvinto ežero, negalima. Tai sunaikintų ežerą ir neigiamai paveiktų požeminio vandens režimą Žuvinto ir Amalvos pelkių komplekse. Siekiant bent dalinio vandens režimo natūralizavimo reguliavimo šliuzą siūloma rekonstruoti į slenkstinę nuopylą įrengiant žuvitakį. Žuvinto ir Amalvos pelkių masyve požeminio vandens režimui pagerinti rekomenduojama pašalinti ten augančią sumedėjusią augaliją ir apypelkio teritorijose patvenkti melioracijos griovius. Pateikiamas tokių priemonių galimas poveikis Žuvinto ežero ir aplinkinių pelkių hidrologiniam režimui. Peзюме Водный режим бассейнa реки Довине в южной части Литвы в прошлом столетии был подвержен важным изменениям. Там находится старый заповедник Литвы – озеро Жувинтас c близлежащими болотaми. В статье представлен сценарий по восстановлению водного режима в озере Жувинтас и окружающих болотах. Для исследования была применена математическая модель SIMGRO. Результаты показали, что полное восстановление гидрологического режима в озере невозможно. Для улучшения водного режима предложен ряд мер.

scholarly journals Quality not quantity: conserving species of low mobility and dispersal capacity in south-western Australian urban remnants

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanda Denise Mason ◽  
Grant Wardell-Johnson ◽  
Barbara York Main
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Remnant Vegetation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Western Australian

Urban remnant vegetation is subject to varying degrees of disturbance that may or may not be proportional to the size of the patch. The impact of disturbance within patches on species with low mobility and dispersal capabilities was investigated in a survey targeting nemesiid species of the mygalomorph spider clade in the Perth metropolitan area, south-western Australia. Nemesiid presence was not influenced by patch size, but presence did negatively correlate with higher degrees of invasive grass and rabbit disturbance. Further, patch size was significantly positively correlated with degree of disturbance caused by rabbits. Compared with quadrats, patches were not as effective as sample units in determining the impact of disturbance on nemesiid presence.

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

The impact of cultural factors on attachment dynamics: a view from Irish society

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Michael O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Seamus Heaney ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
Irish Context ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

In this article I examine aspects of the relationship between mothers and sons from an attachment perspective in an Irish context. Through the works of Irish writers such as Seamus Heaney, John McGahern, and Colm Tóibín, I focus on particular aspects of this relationship, which fails to support the developmental processes of separation and individuation in the many men who come to me for psychotherapy. I illustrate key points concerning this attachment dynamic through the use of clinical examples of my work with two men from my practice. While acknowledging that many other cultural factors play a significant role in the emotional development of children, integrating the work of our poets, novelists, and scholars with an attachment perspective

The unknown acquaintance, or the impact factor and others

2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Anna Berhidi ◽  
Edit Csajbók ◽  
Lívia Vasas
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Scientific Performance ◽  
H Index ◽  
Master List ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Nobody doubts the importance of the scientific performance’s evaluation. At the same time its way divides the group of experts. The present study mostly deals with the models of citation-analysis based evaluation. The aim of the authors is to present the background of the best known tool – Impact factor – since, according to the authors’ experience, to the many people use without knowing it well. In addition to the „nonofficial impact factor” and Euro-factor, the most promising index-number, h-index is presented. Finally new initiation – Index Copernicus Master List – is delineated, which is suitable to rank journals. Studying different indexes the authors make a proposal and complete the method of long standing for the evaluation of scientific performance.

Surveying adherence of dental clinic patients to preventive measures in oral cavity

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
V. V. Tachalov ◽  
E. S. Loboda ◽  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
E. Yu. Nechai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

Relevance. Periodontal diseases are a medical and social problem due to the wide spread among the population of developed countries and the impact on the quality of life. Among the many factors that are important in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases, an important role is played by adherence to the recommendations of the dentist in respecting oral hygiene. Aim of the work was to study the adherence of patients of the dental clinic to compliance with preventive measures in the oral cavity.Materials and methods. A total of 98 patients of dental clinic, 62 female (medial age 38,6 ± 14,0 years) and 36 male (medial age 37,2±13,1 years) participated in survey. The study participants flled in the profle and answered questions about age, gender, harmful working conditions and bad habits, frequency of visits to the dental clinic, attitudes to the prevention of dental diseases, knowledge about the means and methods of oral hygiene.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, respondents are employed in production that does not adversely affect their health (91%), only 8% of patients indicated harmful working conditions.Conclusions. The study revealed that, despite the recommendations of the dentist, patients are not always committed to the implementation of preventive measures in the oral cavity. Dentists need to motivate patients to use not only the usual methods and means of hygiene, but also additional ones necessary for maintaining dental health.

Individuality and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Zavatta
Keyword(s):  
Moral Autonomy ◽  
First Line ◽  
Philosophical Interpretation ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The World ◽  
Regulative Ideal ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Based on an analysis of the marginal markings and annotations Nietzsche made to the works of Emerson in his personal library, the book offers a philosophical interpretation of the impact on Nietzsche’s thought of his reading of these works, a reading that began when he was a schoolboy and extended to the final years of his conscious life. The many ideas and sources of inspiration that Nietzsche drew from Emerson can be organized in terms of two main lines of thought. The first line leads in the direction of the development of the individual personality, that is, the achievement of critical thinking, moral autonomy, and original self-expression. The second line of thought is the overcoming of individuality: that is to say, the need to transcend one’s own individual—and thus by definition limited—view of the world by continually confronting and engaging with visions different from one’s own and by putting into question and debating one’s own values and certainties. The image of the strong personality that Nietzsche forms thanks to his reading of Emerson ultimately takes on the appearance of a nomadic subject who is continually passing out of themselves—that is to say, abandoning their own positions and convictions—so as to undergo a constant process of evolution. In other words, the formation of the individual personality takes on the form of a regulative ideal: a goal that can never be said to have been definitively and once and for all attained.

Textual Transformations

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Book History ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lucy Hutchinson ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This collection of twelve original essays by an international team of eminent scholars in the field of book history explores the many ways in which early modern books were subject to reworking, re-presentation, revision and reinterpretation. Their history is often the history of multiple, sometimes competing, agencies as their texts were re-packaged, redirected and transformed in ways that their original authors might hardly recognize. The essays discuss the processes of editing, revision, redaction, selection, abridgement, glossing, disputation, translation and posthumous publication that resulted in a textual elasticity and mobility that could dissolve distinctions between text and paratexts, textuality and intertextuality, manuscript and print, author and reader or editor, such that title and author’s name are no longer sufficient pointers to a book’s identity or contents. The essays are alive to the impact of commercial and technological aspects of book production and distribution (discussing, for example, the career of the pre-eminent bookseller John Nourse, the market appeal of abridgements, and the financial incentives to posthumous publication), but their interest is also in the many additional forms of agency that shaped texts and their meanings as books were repurposed to articulate, and respond to, a variety of cultural and individual needs. They engage with early modern religious, political, philosophical and scholarly trends and debates as they discuss a wide range of genres and kinds of publication (including fictional and non-fictional prose, verse miscellanies, abridgements, sermons, religious controversy) and of authors and booksellers (including Lucy Hutchinson, Richard Baxter, Thomas Burnet, Elizabeth Rowe, John Dryden, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lucy Hutchinson, Henry Maundrell, John Nourse; Jonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, John Tillotson, Isaac Watts and John Wesley).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document