Genetic differentiation among and within three red mahoganies (series Annulares), Eucalyptus pellita, E. resinifera and E. scias (Myrtaceae)

The red mahogany group (Eucalyptus ser. Annulares Blakely) includes some of the most important commercial species (i.e. Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.Blake) worldwide for forestry in the subtropics and tropics. However, the taxonomic status of some species in this group is unclear and the relationship among and genetic structuring within some species is unresolved. The present study examined genetic variation at 13 microsatellite loci in E. pellita F.Muell., E. resinifera Smith and E. scias L.Johnson & K.Hill. Despite close geographical proximity and natural hybridisation in northern Queensland, E. resinifera and E. pellita remain genetically distinct as taxa. Within E. pellita, two genetic groups were clearly resolved, one from New Guinea and one from Queensland (Cape York Peninsula populations were not sampled). Geographic structuring was also evident in E. resinifera, with northern Queensland populations separating from those from Fraser Island southwards. Ecological factors and species disjunctions were implicated in the genetic substructuring of these two taxa because patterns of geographic variation aligned with biogeographical regions. E. scias was indistinguishable from southern E. resinifera and its three subspecies could not be resolved.

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Etude Eco-Dendrométrique Du Dépérissement Du Cèdre De l’Atlas Dans Le Parc National De Theniet El Had “Algérie”

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2016.v12n29p112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (29) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Taleb Mohamed Lamine ◽

Maatoug M’hamed ◽

Azouzi Blel ◽

Zedek Mohamed ◽

Hellal Benchabane

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

National Park ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Management Plan ◽

Ecological Data ◽

Descriptive Data ◽

North West ◽

The North ◽

The Relationship

This study aims to search the relationship between the decline of the Atlas cedar and the eco-dendrometrique factors in the National Park of Theniet El Had located in the north-west of Algeria. This study takes place throughout 30 circular plots of 1.000m2 area in which, a dendrometric measures and ecological data are taken in addition to descriptive data for Atlas cedar trees. The descriptive data shows that 34% of inventoried Atlas cedar have damaged leaves and 30% have more then 25% of their crowns damaged. The analysis of variance shows that there is no relationship between the rate of the Atlas cedar decline ant the ecological factors, components of the soil and dendrometric parameters except for the average circumference witch is influenced by the competition between trees. Therefor, a particular management plan for the regulation of competition is a necessity for this park.

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Tracking Species in Space and Time: Assessing the Relationships Between Paleobiogeography, Paleoecology, and Macroevolution

The Paleontological Society Papers ◽

10.1017/s1089332600001704 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 233-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alycia L. Stigall

Keyword(s):

Ecological Factors ◽

Geographic Range ◽

Individual Species ◽

Species Ranges ◽

Speciation Rate ◽

Biogeographic Patterns ◽

Environmental Controls ◽

Historical Factors ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

In all species, geographic range is constrained by a combination of ecological and historical factors. Ecological factors relate to the species' niche, its environmental or biotic limits in multidimensional space, while historical factors pertain to a species' ancestry, specifically the location at which a species evolved. Historical limitations are primary during speciation, while ecological factors control the subsequent expansion and contraction of species range. By assessing biogeographic changes during the lifespan of individual species, we can assess the relationship between paleobiogeography, paleoecology, and macroevolution. Quantitative paleobiogeographic analyses, especially those using GIS-based and phylogenetic methods, provide a framework to rigorously test hypotheses about the relationship between species ranges, biotic turnover, and paleoecology. These new tools provide a way to assess key questions about the co-evolution of life and earth. Changes in biogeographic patterns, reconstructed at the species level, can provide key information for interpreting macroevolutionary dynamics–particularly speciation mode (vicariance vs. dispersal) and speciation rate during key intervals of macroevolutionary change (biodiversity crises, widespread invasion events, and adaptive radiations). Furthermore, species ranges can be reconstructed using ecological niche modeling methods to examine the effects of environmental controls on geographic range shifts. Particularly fruitful areas of investigation in future paleobiogeographic analysis include (1) the relationship between species ranges and speciation events/mode, (2) relationship between shifting ecological regimes and range expansion and contraction, (3) the impact of interbasinal species invasions on both community structure and macroevolutionary dynamics, (4) the mechanics of transitions between endemic to cosmopolitan faunas at local, regional, and global scales, (5) how ecology and geographic range impacts species extinction during both background and crisis intervals.Three case studies are presented to illustrate both the methods and utility of this theoretical approach of using paleobiogeographic patterns to assess macroevolutionary dynamics. The first case study examines paleobiogeographic patterns in shallow marine invertebrates during the Late Devonian Biodiversity Crisis. During this interval, speciation by vicariance declined precipitously and only species exhibiting expanding geographic ranges survived the crisis interval. Patterns of biogeographic change during the Late Ordovician Richmondian invasion (Cincinnati Arch region) reveal similar patterns; speciation rate declines during invasion intervals and widely distributed endemic species are best able to survive in the new invasive regime. Phylogenetic biogeographic patterns during the Miocene radiation of North American horses suggest climatic parameters were important determinants of speciation and dispersal patterns.

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Shell variations in the gastropod, Monodonta labio, in the North-western Pacific: the important role of temperature in the evolution process

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315419000481 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (7) ◽

pp. 1591-1599

Author(s):

Dan Zhao ◽

Ling-Feng Kong ◽

Takenori Sasaki ◽

Qi Li

Keyword(s):

Environmental Gradients ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Local Maximum ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Shell Shape ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Genetic Structuring ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

China Sea

AbstractMolluscan shells showing phenotypic variations are ideal models for studying evolution and plasticity. In north-eastern Asia, genetic and morphological diversity of the gastropod, Monodonta labio, were assumed to be influenced by both palaeoclimatic changes and current ecological factors. In this study, we examined spatial variations in shell shape of M. labio using general measurement and geometric morphometric analysis. We also investigated whether shell shape variation is best explained by environmental gradients or by genetic structuring, based on our prior molecular phylogeographic study. Two common morphological forms were observed among Chinese populations and in the adjacent Asian areas. Both the analyses revealed separation patterns in morphological variations of shell shape among the clades and populations. Environmental modelling analysis showed a significant correlation between shape variations and local maximum temperatures of the warmest month, indicating the role of natural selection in the evolution of this species. Data obtained in this study, combined with the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) molecular phylogenetic data from the prior study, showed that morphological variations in M. labio were constrained by both local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. We hypothesized that geographic separation by the Dongshan Landbridge was the first step towards its diversification, and that the temperature gradient between the East China Sea and South China Sea probably was the selective force driving the divergence of its morphological variations.

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Taxonomic status of Clematis acerifolia var. elobata, based on molecular evidence

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.268.3.5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 268 (3) ◽

pp. 209 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

SHUANG-XI YAN ◽

HUI-JIE LIU ◽

LE-LE LIN ◽

SHUAI LIAO ◽

JIN-YU LI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Taxonomic Status ◽

Species Level ◽

Distribution Area ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Discrimination Power ◽

Nuclear Its ◽

The Mean ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

The Relationship ◽

Better Than

The morphologically based taxonomic status of Clematis acerifolia var. elobata has been controversial. This study used two nuclear (ITS and ETS) and six plastid (rps16, rpl16, accD, trnS-trnG, atpB-rbcL, and trnV-atpE) molecular markers, and a DNA barcoding analysis to address the taxonomic status of C. acerifolia var. elobata and the relationship among other Clematis species. Our results showed that the discrimination power of ITS, ETS, and atpB-rbcL was better than that of the other tested DNA regions. When all tested sequences combined, most of the sampled taxa were resolved. Though the two taxa are closely related, they have differentiated clearly and formed two clades respectively. The mean divergence of the two taxa was 0.78%, which was higher than closely related Clematis species such as C. heracleifolia and C. pinnata (0.50 %). Considering molecular divergence, morphological differences, and distribution area, we raised C. acerifolia var. elobata to species level.

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Sapindaceae and the biogeography of eastern Australia

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb9960133 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H Turner

Keyword(s):

New Guinea ◽

Western Pacific ◽

Dispersal Pattern ◽

The West ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Cape York ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Dispersal Events ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Western Pacific

The biogeographic relations within eastern Australia and of this region to surrounding areas in New Guinea, West Malesia and the western Pacific are analysed using eight monophyletic groups of Sapindaceae. The results show that areas within eastern Australia are related (Cape York (Atherton Plateau + South East Queensland)), confirming similar results obtained by revious authors. The relationship between eastern Australia and surrounding areas is shown to be complex, involving both vicariance and dispersal events. There are at least two patterns connecting Australia to the West Pacific: an old vicariance (or dispersal) pattern involving the eastern end of the Inner Melanesian Arc and a more recent dispersal pattern via New Guinea involving the Outer Melanesian Arc. West Malesia is also probably connected to eastern Australia by numerous dispersal events via New Guinea. At least two patterns relate eastern Australia to New Guinea: an old vicariance pattern and a younger dispersal pattern from New Guinea back to Australia. These results are compared briefly with those obtained in earlier studies.

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Review for "Moderating effects of socio‐ecological factors on the relationship between adolescent exposure to media violence and attitudes towards school bullying"

10.1111/jan.14478/v2/review2 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Ecological Factors ◽

School Bullying ◽

Media Violence ◽

Moderating Effects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Adolescent Exposure

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Review for "Moderating effects of socio‐ecological factors on the relationship between adolescent exposure to media violence and attitudes towards school bullying"

10.1111/jan.14478/v1/review1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Ecological Factors ◽

School Bullying ◽

Media Violence ◽

Moderating Effects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Adolescent Exposure

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Genetic Diversity of Rice vampireweed (Rhamphicarpa fistulosa) Populations in Rainfed Lowland Rice in West Africa

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-15-00143.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 430-440

Author(s):

Norliette Zossou ◽

Hubert Adoukonèou-Sagbadja ◽

Daniel Fonceka ◽

Lamine Baba-Moussa ◽

Mbaye Sall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Lowland Rice ◽

Rice Grain ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Groups ◽

Rainfed Lowland ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

The Relationship ◽

Aflp Technique

Rice vampireweed belongs to the Orobanchaceae and is found in Africa and Australia. It is a hemiparasitic weed of lowland rice genotypes and causes losses of 40 to 100% of rice grain yield. Our study addressed the genetic diversity of rice vampireweed in Benin and Senegal. The specific objectives of this research were to study the genetic diversity of rice vampireweed accessions in Benin and Senegal and the relationship between the different genotypes of rice vampireweed through agroecological areas. To achieve these objectives, the genetic diversity of rice vampireweed accessions using the AFLP technique was studied. Based on our results, dendrogram classification has distinguished four different genetic groups. The populations of Benin and Senegal are genetically diverse. Substantial genetic differentiation (GST) exists among agroecological areas within Benin and Senegal (GST = 0.17). The high genetic diversity of rice vampireweed in Benin and Senegal presents a challenge for the development of resistant rice germplasm.

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Infants' Mental and Motor Development: Effects of Home Environment, Maternal Attitudes, Marital Adjustment, and Socioeconomic Status

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1982.54.3.695 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 695-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Robert H. Poresky ◽

Michael L. Henderson

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Home Environment ◽

Motor Development ◽

Marital Adjustment ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Mental Development ◽

Psychomotor Development ◽

Maternal Attitude ◽

Maternal Attitudes ◽

The Relationship

27 two-yr.-old infants and their mothers were studied in their homes to analyze the relationship between infants' development and their home environment, mothers' attitudes as parents, mothers' marital adjustment, and families' socioeconomic status. Bayley Mental Development Indexes correlated with the infants' home environment, families' socioeconomic status, and maternal attitudes. Bayley Psychomotor Development Indexes related to home environment and socioeconomic status. Home environment, maternal attitude, and marital adjustment scores correlated with socioeconomic status. The implications of these ecological factors on infants' mental and motor development are discussed.

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