A preliminary floristic survey of the benthic marine algae of Rotuma Island

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
A De R N'Yeurt
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Floristic Survey ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Island Group ◽  
Probable Consequence ◽  
Fiji Island ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Oceanic Currents

A preliminary study of the intertidal benthic macroalgal flora of the island of Rotuma (12°30'S 177°05'E; politically attached to the Fiji Island group) has revealed a total of 88 taxa, including 41 Rhodophyceae, 11 Phaeophyceae and 36 Chlorophyceae, representing the first published records of marine algae for this island. Of these, 30 represent new records for the Fijian flora. The Rotuman flora is distinct from that of Fiji, a probable consequence of habitat limitations and high exposure regimes on Rotuman reefs that have led to a predominance of low-profile, robust algal species. A distinct north-south distribution pattern was found, brought about by variations in exposure regimes. Biogeographic considerations further dissociated the Rotuman and Fijian floras, the former being more equatorial and in the path of oceanic currents dispersing algal species from donor areas in the central and western Pacific.

scholarly journals c-AMP Dependent Protein Kinase a Inhibitory Activity of Six Algal Extracts from South Eastern Australia and Their Fatty Acid Composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Ana Zivanovic ◽  
Danielle Skropeta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Algal Extracts

c-AMP Dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A, PKA) is an important enzyme involved in the regulation of an increasing number of physiological processes including immune function, cardiovascular disease, memory disorders and cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the PKA inhibitory activity of a range of algal extracts, along with their fatty acid composition. Six algal species were investigated including two Chlorophyta ( Codium dimorphum and Ulva lactuca), two Phaeophyta ( Phyllospora comosa and Sargassum sp.) and two Rhodophyta ( Prionitis linearis and Corallina vancouveriensis), with the order of PKA inhibitory activity of their extracts identified as follows: brown seaweeds > red seaweeds > green seaweeds with the brown alga Sargassum sp. exhibiting the highest PKA inhibitory activity (84% at 100 μg/mL). GC/MS analysis identified a total of 18 fatty acids in the six algal extracts accounting for 72-87% of each extract, with hexadecanoic acid and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid as the dominant components. The most active extract ( Sargassum sp.) also contained the highest percentage of the saturated C14:0 fatty acid (12.8% of the total extract), which is a known to inhibit PKA. These results provide the first description of the PKA inhibitory activity of marine algae along with the first description of the fatty acid composition of these six algal species from South Eastern Australian waters. Importantly, this study reveals that abundant and readily available marine algae are a new and relatively unexplored source of PKA inhibitory compounds.

scholarly journals Betaine Yields from Marine Algal Species Utilized in the Preparation of Seaweed Extracts Used in Agriculture

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Blunden ◽  
Peter F. Morse ◽  
Imre Mathe ◽  
Judit Hohmann ◽  
Alan T. Critchley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minor Constituent ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
A Minor

Ascophyllum nodosum, and to a lesser extent, Laminaria digitata, L. hyperborea and Fucus serratus, are marine algal species utilized in the commercial production of seaweed extracts used in agriculture. Betaines have been shown to be important constituents of these extracts, but there appears to have been no study made on whether there are variations in the betaine contents of these species based on either the place or date of collection. Samples of each of the four species were collected from widely separated areas at different times of the year. Also, in the case of A. nodosum, approximately monthly collections were made from one location. The betaines detected in the various collections of the same species showed little variation, although in the case of A. nodosum, glycinebetaine was found as a minor constituent in some samples, but was not detected in others. Trigonelline was found in all the tested samples of the two Laminaria species; this is, to our knowledge, the first record of this betaine in marine algae. With the exception of trigonelline in the Laminaria species, the betaine yields from the various samples of L. digitata, L. hyperborea and F. serratus showed little variation, regardless of either the place or date of collection. The trigonelline contents of the Laminaria species collected at one location (Finavarra, Ireland), in particular of L. hyperborea, was substantially greater than those from the other places of collection. In the case of A. nodosum, the betaine yields from samples collected at one site (Dale, Pembrokeshire, UK) were significantly higher than those from the other places of collection, which were very similar to each other. There was no clear indication of seasonal variation in betaine yields from A. nodosum.

scholarly journals Plant virus inhibitors from marine algae

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
K I Pardee ◽  
P Ellis ◽  
M Bouthillier ◽  
G HN Towers ◽  
C J French
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
New World ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Methanolic extracts from 30 species of marine algae were assayed for antiviral activity against Potato virus X (PVX) in local lesion assays, using Chenopodium quinoa L. as host. Extracts from six algal species (Fucus gardneri Silva, Alaria marginata Postels & Ruprecht, Ralfsia sp. (Berkeley), Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, Fragilaria oceanica Cleve, and Egregia menziesii (Turner) J.E. Areschoug) inhibited PVX infectivity by more than 80%. Most extracts with antiviral activity came from algae that belong to the phylum Heterokontophyta. Fractionation of a crude extract from F. gardneri resulted in identification of the polysaccharide alginate as an antiviral component. Alginate inhibited PVX infectivity by 95%, and the mode of action may be via aggregation of virus particles. The present study is the first to investigate New World algae for compounds with activity against plant viruses and the first report that extracts of F. gardneri, Ralfsia sp., and Fragilaria oceanica are sources of antiviral activity.Key words: marine algae, plant viruses, antiviral activity, alginate, polysaccharides, Fucus gardneri.

scholarly journals AMPLIFIKASI GEN 16S-rRNA BAKTERI EPIFIT PADA ALGA MERAH Kappaphycus alvarezii

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Rico Rico Taareluan ◽  
Letha L Wantania ◽  
Elvy L Ginting ◽  
Remy E.P. Mangindaan ◽  
Deislie R.H. Kumampung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Epiphytic Bacteria

Bacteria are microscopic organism found living in marine algae.  So far, species of bacteria in marine algae are not well known.  In this study, epiphytic bacteria in algal species of Kappaphycus alvarezii (red algae) were isolated to amplify their 16S-rRNA gene. Sample K.alvarezii was collected from the island of Nain.  The isolated epiphytic bacteria from the red algae K.alvarezii were grown in Nutrient Broth (NB) media.  DNA extraction was carried out using InnuPREP DNA Mini Kit.  16SrRNA genes was performed using primer pair of 8F and 1492R. Two different character of epiphytic bacteria were successfully isolated from K. alvarezii.  16S-rRNA genes from the two isolates was successfully amplified, indicated by the presence of DNA band in each sample gel electrophoreses at around 1500 bp.Keywords : Amplification, 16S-rRNA Genes, Kappapchycus alvarezii, Bacterial, Epiphytic  Abstrak Bakteri adalah organisme mikroskopis yang ditemukan hidup di alga laut. Sejauh ini, spesies bakteri di alga laut belum dikenal. Dalam penelitian ini, bakteri epifit pada spesies alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (alga merah) diisolasi untuk memperkuat gen 16S-rRNA mereka. Sampel K.alvarezii dikumpulkan dari pulau Nain. Bakteri epifit terisolasi dari alga merah K.alvarezii ditanam dalam media Nutrient Broth (NB). Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan InnuPREP DNA Mini Kit. Gen 16S-rRNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan pasangan primer 8F dan 1492R. Dua karakter bakteri epifit yang berbeda berhasil diisolasi dari K. alvarezii. Gen 16S-rRNA dari dua isolat berhasil diamplifikasi, ditunjukkan oleh adanya pita DNA pada setiap sampel gel elektroforesis sekitar 1500 bp. Kata Kunci: Amplifikasi, gen 16S-rRNA, Kappapycus alvarezii, Bakteri, Epifit

Studying selenium and sulfur volatilisation by marine algae Emiliania huxleyi and Thalassiosira oceanica in culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja E. Luxem ◽  
Bas Vriens ◽  
Renata Behra ◽  
Lenny H. E. Winkel
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Selenium Compounds ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Volatile Sulfur

Environmental contextVolatile selenium compounds from the oceans may ultimately be an important selenium source for agricultural soils. It has been hypothesised that marine algae are responsible for volatile selenium emissions, but in laboratory experiments, we observed minimal volatile selenium production by two marine algae known to produce large amounts of volatile sulfur. Instead, we found hints that bacterial processes may be important in the production of volatile selenium in the oceans. AbstractVolatile methylated selenium compounds, especially dimethylselenide, are thought to comprise the majority of marine selenium emissions. Despite their potential importance for the global redistribution of this trace element, which is essential for human health, little is known about the algal production of volatile organic selenium compounds. Previous studies have found correlations between dissolved dimethylselenide concentrations, dimethylsulfide concentrations (the sulfur analogue of dimethylselenide) and proxies for algal activity, most notably during a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi. In culturing studies, we investigated the ability of three globally important marine algal species, E. huxleyi, Phaeocystis globosa and the diatom Thalassiosira oceanica, to produce dimethylselenide. Despite substantial uptake of selenium and the production of volatile sulfur, E. huxleyi and T. oceanica produced negligible volatile selenium (<2nM). P. globosa produced low amounts of volatile selenium (~8nM), but grew poorly in our laboratory. However, cultures of marine bacteria and mixed bacterial–algal cultures showed that substantial amounts of volatile selenium can be produced in the presence of marine bacteria. In addition, a culture of marine bacteria alone produced ~50nM volatile selenium, far more than axenic cultures of E. huxleyi when exposed to equivalent selenite concentrations. Our results hint that marine algae may be of minor importance in the direct production of volatile selenium in the oceans, and suggest that the production of these compounds in the marine biosphere may instead be controlled by bacterial activity.

scholarly journals New marine algal records from Arabian Gulf coastline of Kuwait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
REDHA H. AL-HASAN ◽  
◽  
FATEMAH M. AL-KHERAINEJ ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
New Records ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Epiphytic Diatoms ◽  
Marine Algal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Marine Angiosperm

During 2014-2016 a project was launched to update and examine the current status of five phyla of benthic marine algae, in addition to epiphytic diatoms and marine Tracheophyta thriving along the coastal area of Kuwait. 173 species of algae were collected and identified. Fourteen new records of algal species for Kuwait including 2 species as new records from the Arabian Gulf are here reported for the first time. These species are assigned to the Chlorophyta (4), Ochrophyta (1), Rhodophyta (5) and Cyanobacteria (4). From Kuwait coastal line one species of marine angiosperm is also found for the first time. Five algal species collected from Kuwait coastal line remain unidentified.

The excretion of organic nitrogen by marine algae in batch and continuous culture

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2605-2611 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Newell ◽  
G. Dalpont ◽  
B. R. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Continuous Cultures

Production of varying amounts of dissolved organic nitrogen has been demonstrated in cultures of eight species of marine algae. The material appears to be polypeptide. Continuous culture experiments with two algal species showed that production of this organic material was not increased by stress in the form of changes in growth rate, light, carbon dioxide, or pH. It was increased when the continuous cultures were allowed to stagnate.

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