Plant litter variability and soil N mobility

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Zhong ◽  
Carol Smith ◽  
Brett Robinson ◽  
Young-Nam Kim ◽  
Nicholas Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Litter Addition ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Nitrogen Pollutants

Laboratory incubation studies were used to investigate whether and how variability of different plant litters modifies the mobility of nitrogen in soil. Fallen plant foliage from native New Zealand plants of diverse fibre and nutrient content were selected, with C:N ratios ranging from 14 to 102. Different litters provided substantially different inputs of macro- and micronutrients to soil that affected the mobility of N. Both fibre content and C:N ratios were influential. A primary effect of litter addition to soil was modification of pH, largely attributable to calcium enrichment. Nitrate in soil was reduced by up to 85% following litter amendments. Incorporation of five native plant litters into soil significantly suppressed emissions of nitrous oxide. We interpret these findings in the context of plant residues from naturalistic planting on the borders of farm paddocks that may play a role in tightening the N cycle and restricting spillover of nitrogen pollutants to the wider environment.

Nitrous oxide emissions from red clover and winter wheat residues depend on interacting effects of distribution, soil N availability and moisture level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi ◽  
Baldur Janz ◽  
Rodrigo Labouriau ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
Klaus Butterbach-Bahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil N Availability

scholarly journals Changes in Denitrifier Abundance, Denitrification Gene mRNA Levels, Nitrous Oxide Emissions, and Denitrification in Anoxic Soil Microcosms Amended with Glucose and Plant Residues

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 2155-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri L. Henderson ◽  
Catherine E. Dandie ◽  
Cheryl L. Patten ◽  
Bernie J. Zebarth ◽  
David L. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Denitrification Gene ◽  
Gene Mrna ◽  
Amended Soil

ABSTRACT In agricultural cropping systems, crop residues are sources of organic carbon (C), an important factor influencing denitrification. The effects of red clover, soybean, and barley plant residues and of glucose on denitrifier abundance, denitrification gene mRNA levels, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and denitrification rates were quantified in anoxic soil microcosms for 72 h. nosZ gene abundances and mRNA levels significantly increased in response to all organic carbon treatments over time. In contrast, the abundance and mRNA levels of Pseudomonas mandelii and closely related species (nirS P) increased only in glucose-amended soil: the nirS P guild abundance increased 5-fold over the 72-h incubation period (P < 0.001), while the mRNA level significantly increased more than 15-fold at 12 h (P < 0.001) and then subsequently decreased. The nosZ gene abundance was greater in plant residue-amended soil than in glucose-amended soil. Although plant residue carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratios varied from 15:1 to 30:1, nosZ gene and mRNA levels were not significantly different among plant residue treatments, with an average of 3.5 � 107 gene copies and 6.9 � 107 transcripts g−1 dry soil. Cumulative N2O emissions and denitrification rates increased over 72 h in both glucose- and plant-tissue-C-treated soil. The nirS P and nosZ communities responded differently to glucose and plant residue amendments. However, the targeted denitrifier communities responded similarly to the different plant residues under the conditions tested despite changes in the quality of organic C and different C:N ratios.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on nitrous oxide emission in a nitrogen-rich and two nitrogen-limited tropical forests

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3503-3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mianhai Zheng ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Weixing Zhu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) deposition is generally considered to increase soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in N-rich forests. In many tropical forests, however, elevated N deposition has caused soil N enrichment and further phosphorus (P) deficiency, and the interaction of N and P to control soil N2O emission remains poorly understood, particularly in forests with different soil N status. In this study, we examined the effects of N and P additions on soil N2O emission in an N-rich old-growth forest and two N-limited younger forests (a mixed and a pine forest) in southern China to test the following hypotheses: (1) soil N2O emission is the highest in old-growth forest due to the N-rich soil; (2) N addition increases N2O emission more in the old-growth forest than in the two younger forests; (3) P addition decreases N2O emission more in the old-growth forest than in the two younger forests; and (4) P addition alleviates the stimulation of N2O emission by N addition. The following four treatments were established in each forest: Control, N addition (150 kg N ha−1 yr−1), P addition (150 kg P ha−1 yr−1), and NP addition (150 kg N ha−1 yr−1 plus 150 kg P ha−1 yr−1). From February 2007 to October 2009, monthly quantification of soil N2O emission was performed using static chamber and gas chromatography techniques. Mean N2O emission was shown to be significantly higher in the old-growth forest (13.9 ± 0.7 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) than in the mixed (9.9 ± 0.4 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) or pine (10.8 ± 0.5 µg N2O-N m−2 h−1) forests, with no significant difference between the latter two. N addition significantly increased N2O emission in the old-growth forest but not in the two younger forests. However, both P and NP addition had no significant effect on N2O emission in all three forests, suggesting that P addition alleviated the stimulation of N2O emission by N addition in the old-growth forest. Although P fertilization may alleviate the stimulated effects of atmospheric N deposition on N2O emission in N-rich forests, this effect may only occur under high N deposition and/or long-term P addition, and we suggest future investigations to definitively assess this management strategy and the importance of P in regulating N cycles from regional to global scales.

Interactions between invasive plants and heavy metal stresses: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Zhanrui Leng ◽  
Yueming Wu ◽  
Yizhou Du ◽  
Zhicong Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Global changes have altered the distribution pattern of the plant communities, including invasive species. Anthropogenic contamination may reduce native plant resistance to the invasive species. Thus, the focus of the current review is on the contaminant biogeochemical behavior among native plants, invasive species and the soil within the plant-soil ecosystem to improve our understanding of the interactions between invasive plants and environmental stressors. Our studies together with synthesis of the literature showed that a) the impacts of invasive species on environmental stress were heterogeneous, b) the size of the impact was variable, and c) the influence types were multidirectional even within the same impact type. However, invasive plants showed self-protective mechanisms when exposed to heavy metals (HMs) and provided either positive or negative influence on the bioavailability and toxicity of HMs. On the other hand, HMs may favor plant invasion due to the widespread higher tolerance of invasive plants to HMS together with the “escape behavior” of native plants when exposed to toxic HM pollution. However, there has been no consensus on whether elemental compositions of invasive plants are different from the natives in the polluted regions. A quantitative research comparing plant, litter and soil contaminant contents between native plants and the invaders in a global context is an indispensable research focus in the future.

scholarly journals Dynamics of microbial communities during decomposition of litter from pioneering plants in initial soil ecosystems

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 5115-5124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Esperschütz ◽  
C. Zimmermann ◽  
A. Dümig ◽  
G. Welzl ◽  
F. Buegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Litter Addition ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Soil Ecosystems

Abstract. In initial ecosystems, concentrations of all macro- and micronutrients can be considered as extremely low. Plant litter therefore strongly influences the development of a degrader's food web and is an important source for C and N input into soil in such ecosystems. In the present study, a 13C litter decomposition field experiment was performed for 30 weeks in initial soils from a post-mining area near the city of Cottbus (Germany). Two of this region's dominant but contrasting pioneering plant species (Lotus corniculatus L. and Calamagrostis epigejos L.) were chosen to investigate the effects of litter quality on the litter decomposing microbial food web in initially nutrient-poor substrates. The results clearly indicate the importance of litter quality, as indicated by its N content, its bioavailability for the degradation process and the development of microbial communities in the detritusphere and soil. The degradation of the L. corniculatus litter, which had a low C / N ratio, was fast and showed pronounced changes in the microbial community structure 1–4 weeks after litter addition. The degradation of the C. epigejos litter material was slow and microbial community changes mainly occurred between 4 and 30 weeks after litter addition to the soil. However, for both litter materials a clear indication of the importance of fungi for the degradation process was observed both in terms of fungal abundance and activity (13C incorporation activity)

Sources of nitrous oxide from 15N-labelled animal urine and urea fertiliser with and without a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD)

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Di ◽  
K. C. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
N Pool

A field lysimeter study was conducted to determine the sources of N2O emitted following the application of dairy cow urine and urea fertiliser labelled with 15N, with and without a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD). The results show that the application of cow urine at 1000 kg N/ha significantly increased N2O emissions above that from urea applied alone at 25 kg N/ha. The application of urine seemed to have a priming effect, increasing N2O emissions from the soil N pool. Treating the soil with DCD significantly (P < 0.05) decreased N2O emissions from the urine-applied treatment by 72%. The percentage of N2O-N derived from the applied N was 53.1% in the urine-applied treatment and this was reduced to 29.9% when DCD was applied. On average, about 43% of the N2O emitted in the urine-applied treatments was from nitrification. The application of DCD did not have a major effect on the relative contributions of nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions in the urine treatments. This indicates that the DCD nitrification inhibitor decreased the contributions to N2O emissions from both nitrification and denitrification.

Growth of Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) in Hydrosoils of Different Composition

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry K. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Rooting Media

Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata(L. f.) Royle ♯ HYLLI] was cultured in flowing water in outside aquaria on rooting media differing in fertility and texture. Nutrient content was determined for rooting media at the beginning of the experiment and for plant tissues at harvest. Growth, as measured by rates of stem elongation, areal coverage of aquaria by plants, and biomass accrual, was highly related to N-, P-, and K-fertility of rooting media. Rooting media were the most important source of phosphorous since water supplies were not adequate to support plant growth. There was evidence of P-deficiencies in plants grown on infertile rooting media. Both N and K were adequately supplied from either water, rooting media, or both. Production of plant biomass was most closely related to P-levels in tissues which were closely related to supplies in rooting media. Pretest soil N (comparable to preestablishment conditions) was best related to biomass production, indicating that growth and establishment of hydrilla may be predictable through assessment of hydrosoil fertility. The need for sampling and analytical procedures to assess fertility is emphasized.

Environmental properties and microbial abundance explain soil nitrous oxide flux variation synergistically under the addition of nitrogen and water in temperate semi-arid steppe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jiaqi ◽  
Liu Yinghui
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Flux Change ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Semi Arid

&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160; With the increasing of nitrogen(N) deposition and changing of precipitation patterns worldwide, large amounts of N are loaded in terrestrial ecosystem, resulting in soil nutrient imbalance and soil nitrous oxide(N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) flux change. Nitrification and denitrification in soil are two major sources of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emission mediated by microorganisms. However, It is still unclear how the soil N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O flux and the abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers might change under the addition of N and water(W) in temperate semi-arid steppe. In this study, we established a one-year-long field experiment investigating how soil N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O flux, the abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers, and environmental properties, including soil pH, soil moisture, soil dissolved organic carbon content(DOC) and soil available N content responsed when N(NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#160;was applied at a rate of 4 g N&amp;#183;m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;#183;yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, which is equivalent to one time the annual nitrogen deposition) and/or W(water was applied at a rate of 112.5 mm&amp;#183;yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, which is equivalent to 30% of the annual rainfall) were added to temperate semi-arid steppe in northern China with the natural condition without any treatment as control. Quantitative PCR was used to analyze the abundance of ammonia oxidizers(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea amoA) and denitrifiers(nirS/nirK and nosZ). Our experimental results demonstrated that soil N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emission decreased when W was added and W and N were added in temperate semi-arid steppe in northern China. The abundance of nirS and nosZ genes increased when W and N were added. Compared with AOA/AOBamoA and nirK genes, the abundance of nirS and nosZ genes is more sensitive to the addition of N and W. Soil N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O flux was negatively correlated with the abundance of nirS-denitrifier. The nirS gene abundance, soil pH and DOC were the main controls on soil N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O flux and totally explained 78.2% of the variation of soil N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O flux. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for N cycle mechanism mediated by microorganisms and have practical significance for the prediction of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O flux change in temperate semi-arid steppe under the background of global change.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Invasive grass litter suppresses native species and promotes disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Benitez ◽  
Amy E. Kendig ◽  
Ashish Adhikari ◽  
Keith Clay ◽  
Philip F. Harmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Interference Competition ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Microstegium Vimineum ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasive Grass ◽  
Grass Litter

AbstractPlant litter can alter ecosystems and promote plant invasions by changing resource acquisition, depositing toxins, and transmitting microorganisms to living plants. Transmission of microorganisms from invasive litter to live plants may gain importance as invasive plants accumulate pathogens over time since introduction. It is unclear, however, if invasive plant litter affects native plant communities by promoting disease. Microstegium vimineum is an invasive grass that suppresses native populations, in part through litter production, and has accumulated leaf spot diseases since its introduction to the U.S. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated how M. vimineum litter and accumulated pathogens mediated resource competition with the native grass Elymus virginicus. Resource competition reduced biomass of both species and live M. vimineum increased disease incidence on the native species. Microstegium vimineum litter also promoted disease on the native species, suppressed establishment of both species, and reduced biomass of M. vimineum. Nonetheless, interference competition from litter had a stronger negative effect on the native species, increasing the relative abundance of M. vimineum. Altogether, invasive grass litter suppressed both species, ultimately favoring the invasive species in competition, and increased disease incidence on the native species.

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