The influence of net charge on water dispersible clay and sorbed sulphate

Soil Research ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Gillman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Net Charge ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Zero Point Of Charge ◽  
Titration Technique ◽  
Dispersible Clay

The variation of net electric charge with pH at four electrolyte concentrations has been determined on samples from four horizons of a krasnozem soil in north Queensland. A potentiometric titration technique was employed, which allowed the estimation of the zero point of charge (zpc) for each sample. Variation in zpc was related to organic matter content and clay mineralogical composition. The charge distribution characteristics explain the amounts of water dispersible clay and phosphate extractable sulphate in this soil.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Handere Clays and Their Use as a Building Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Deposits

Handere clay deposits were discovered at Adana in Turkey. These clay units primarily consist of uncoloured claystone, pebbly sandstone, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone marl and include gypsum lenses and clay levels of various thicknesses in places. The physicochemical properties of these clays have been investigated by different techniques including Scanning Electron and Elemental Analysis (SEM and EDS), mineralogical analyses, chemical and physical analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and Atterberg (Consistency) Limits Test. The mineralogical composition deduced from XRD is wide (smectite + palygorskite + illite ± feldspar ± chlorite ± quartz ± calcite ± serpentine) due to the high smectite contents (≈85%). SEM studies reveal that smectite minerals are composed of irregular platy leaves and show honeycomb pattern in the form of wavy leaves in places. The leaves presenting an array with surface edge contact are usually concentrated in the dissolution voids and fractures of volcanic glass. Organic matter content and loss on ignition analysis of raw materials are good for all the studied samples. In summary, Handere clays can be used as building materials in bricks, roof tiles, and cement and as a binder.

scholarly journals Water-dispersible clay in soils treated with sewage sludge

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1527-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Graziela Moraes de Césare Barbosa ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Ribon
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dispersible Clay

A by-product of Wastewater Treatment Stations is sewage sludge. By treatment and processing, the sludge is made suitable for rational and environmentally safe use in agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different doses of limed sewage sludge (50 %) on clay dispersion in soil samples with different textures (clayey and medium). The study was conducted with soil samples collected from native forest, on a Red Latosol (Brazilian classification: Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico) loamy soil in Londrina (PR) and a Red-Yellow Latosol (BC: Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico) medium texture soil in Jaguapitã (PR). Pots were filled with 3 kg of air-dried fine earth and kept in greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments: T1 control, and treatments with limed sewage sludge (50 %) as follows: T2 (3 t ha-1), T3 (6 t ha-1), T4 (12 t ha-1), T5 (24 t ha-1) and T6 (48 t ha-1) and five replications. The incubation time was 180 days. At the end of this period, the pots were opened and two sub-samples per treatment collected to determine pH-H2O, pH KCl (1 mol L-1), organic matter content, water-dispersible clay, ΔpH (pH KCl - pH-H2O) and estimated PZC (point of zero charge): PZC = 2 pH KCl - pH-H2O, as well as the mineralogy of the clay fraction, determined by X ray diffraction. The results showed no significant difference in the average values for water-dispersible clay between the control and the other treatments for the two soil samples studied and ΔpH was the variable that correlated best with water-dispersible clay in both soils.

scholarly journals MINERALOGY AND ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT OF BOTTOM ASH SAMPLES FROM AGIOS DIMITRIOS POWER PLANT, GREECE

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kantiranis ◽  
Α. Georgakopoulos ◽  
A. Fiiippidis ◽  
A. Drakoulis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Loss On Ignition

Four bottom ash samples from the Power Units of the Agios Dimitrios Power Plant were studied by the method of PXRD to determine their semi-quantitative mineralogical composition. Their organic matter content was calculated by a wet chemical process. Also, the loss on ignition was measured. The samples are constituted mainly of calcite, quartz and feldspars, while micas, clays, gehlenite and portlandite were determined in a few samples in smaller quantities. The amorphous material varied between 10-43 wt. %, while organic matter varied between 5-42 wt. %. Measurements of the loss on ignition overestimate the unburned lignite contents in the bottom ash samples. The management of bottom ashes with high contents of unburned lignite should differ to that of the fly ashes. The oxidation of the inorganic compounds of the unburned lignite may lead to environmental degradation of the landfill areas. Samples showing lower values of organic matter are suitable for a series of uses, such as: snow and ice control, as an aggregate in lightweight concrete masonry units,as a raw feed material for portland cement, as an aggregate in cold mix emulsified asphalt mixes, base or sub-base courses, or in shoulder construction. Systematic study of the unburned lignite of bottom ashes is needed for possible re-combustion.

scholarly journals Radionuclides and heavy metal contents in phosphogypsum samples in comparison to cerrado soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1481-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanusa Maria Feliciano Jacomino ◽  
Kerley Alberto Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Helena Tirollo Taddei ◽  
Maria Célia Siqueira ◽  
Maria Eleonora Deschamps Pires Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
226Ra Activity

Phosphogysum (PG) or agricultural gypsum, a solid waste from the phosphate fertilizer industry, is used as soil amendment, especially on soils in the Cerrado region, in Brazil. This material may however contain natural radionuclides and metals which can be transferred to soils, plants and water sources. This paper presents and discusses the results of physical and chemical analyses that characterized samples of PG and compares them to the results found in two typical soils of the Cerrado, a clayey and sandy one. These analyses included: solid waste classification, evaluation of organic matter content and of P, K, Ca, Mg, and Al concentrations and of the mineralogical composition. Natural radionuclides and metal concentrations in PG and soil samples were also measured. Phosphogypsum was classified as Class II A - Not Dangerous, Not Inert, Not Corrosive and Not Reactive. The organic matter content in the soil samples was low and potential acidity high. In the mean, the specific 226Ra activity in the phosphogypsum samples (252 Bq kg-1) was below the maximum level recommended by USEPA, which is 370 Bq kg-1 for agricultural use. In addition, this study verified that natural radionuclides and metals concentrations in PG were lower than in the clayey Oxisol of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. These results indicated that the application of phosphogypsum as soil amendment in agriculture would not cause a significant impact on the environment.

scholarly journals Other Properties (BET Surface Area, Conductivity, Organic Matter, and pH)

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Modi Ahmed ◽  
Khaliq Beg
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
List Type

Abstract Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) test were applied to dust samples in which samples (BET) surface area is highly related to the roundness of dust particles. The higher angularity and low roundness of the dust particles show a higher (BET) surface area. The roundness is also related to the particlesize distribution and mineralogical composition. The electrical conductivity test relates very well with the chemical and physical properties of dust samples in the transmission of an electrical current. The organic matter content was measured using the ignition method and the pH of the samples was recorded. Maps of the distribution of high and low BET concentrations, electrical conductivity EC, organic matter content, pH.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution characteristics of phaeozem in Songliao Plain based on RS

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 05016
Author(s):  
XING Yu ◽  
Wang Jie ◽  
Yin Yaqiu ◽  
Zhou Yingjie ◽  
Yao Weiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Terrain Rendering ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Songliao Plain

Phaeozem is one kind of scarce resources on the earth. Due to the restrictions of natural factors and the influence of human activities over the years, phaeozem degradation has become increasingly serious. Based on images of the ASTER in 2006 and the ETM+ in 2000 in this paper, the phaeozem organic matter content which is greater than 2 ％ was obtained by using quantitative retrieval. Through the three-dimensional remote sensing image, terrain rendering and relevant information were analyzed. On the basis of the above, the spatial distribution characteristics of phaeozem in Songliao Plain were analyzed using DEM (digital elevation model) data. The results show that the total area of phaeozem in Songliao Plain is about 51360.15 km2, and the phaeozem organic matter content is gradually increasing along with the increasing latitude or longitude, and decreasing along with increasing slope. In addition, the soil organic matter content is lower in southern slopes than that in northern slopes.

scholarly journals Adsorption of bentazone in the profiles of mineral soils with low organic matter content

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242980
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Paszko ◽  
Joanna Matysiak ◽  
Daniel Kamiński ◽  
Sylwia Pasieczna-Patkowska ◽  
Miłosz Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Infrared Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Mineral Soils

The current laboratory adsorption study aimed at determination of the values of adsorption distribution coefficient (Kd) of bentazone in the profiles of Arenosols, Luvisols, and Cambisols, which are the most common arable mineral soils in Poland. The study attempted to identify the soil components that bind bentazone and the principal adsorption mechanisms of this compound as well as create a model capable of predicting its adsorption in soils. The Kd values determined in batch experiments after 24 h of shaking were very low, and ranged from 0.05 to 0.30 mL/g for the Ap horizon and 0 to 0.07 mL/g for subsoils. The results indicated that the anionic form of bentazone was adsorbed on organic matter, while in acidic soils the neutral form of bentazone was adsorbed on organic matter and sand. The detailed analyses of mineralogical composition revealed that the principal mineral that was responsible for the adsorption of bentazone was quartz, which content was strongly positively correlated with the sand fraction. In soils with pH < 5 and an organic carbon content of < 0.35%, quartz exhibited much greater affinity for the neutral bentazone form than organic matter. Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy analyses supported by computational methods have shown the most probable mechanisms behind the adsorption of bentazone on quartz. The created model, assuming the adsorption of bentazone on organic matter and on sand and using the spectrophotometrically determined dissociation constant of bentazone, very well explained the Kd variance in the 81 examined soils, while correctly predicting the adsorption based on soil properties described in the published data.

scholarly journals Análise Geoquímica dos Sedimentos de Fundo do Arroio do Salso, Porto Alegre - RS - Brasil

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA CRISTINA CERVEIRA SOARES ◽  
ANA MARIA PIMENTEL MIZUSAKI ◽  
TERESINHA GUERRA ◽  
MARIA LÍDIA VIGNOL
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Bed Load ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Al Content

This paper presents the results of a study performed on bedload samples from the Salso Creek in the Porto Alegre City (Rio Grande do Sul State) rural area where agricultural and pastoral activities are carried out within urban areas. Sediment sampling took place on the 16th September 2001 (winter) and 21th January 2002 (summer), at five sites along the Salso Creek. The Salso Creek bed load changes from granules and pebbles (upstream reaches), through coarse- to medium-grained sand (mid reaches) to fine-to very fine-grained sand in the Salso Creek mouth region. Organic matter content increases throughout the summer low discharge due to the accumulation of the suspended load on the creek bed surface. Grains larger then 0.062 mm feature the following estimated mineralogical composition: feldspar (55-50%), quartz (30-40%), opaque (5-10%) and acessory (5-10%) minerals. Among the finegrained sediments (< 0.062 mm) kaolinite dominates being followed by a minor amount of muscovite/illite as well as quartz, feldspar and smectite traces. The chemical composition of the fine-grained sediments reveals that, among the major (Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na and K) and trace (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) analyzed elements, the Al content is high, probably a result of the kaolinite-rich (Al4(Si4O10)(OH)8) composition of the fine-grained fraction. GeoAccumulation Index calculation shows no significant accumulation of any of the analyzed elements within the finegrained fraction, hence indicating slightly to moderately polluted sediments. On the other hand Contamination Factor computation for the sediments fine-grained fraction pointed out a Cu, Ni and Zn enrichment, indicating considerable to high contamination, especially for those places directly under domestic sewerage influence. These elements are probably being concentrated in the fine-grained fraction of the bed load.

Mineralogical control on the fate of continentally derived organic matter in the ocean

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6466) ◽  
pp. 742-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Blattmann ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
N. Haghipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
First Order ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
Mineral Surface Area ◽  
Long Term Preservation

First-order relationships between organic matter content and mineral surface area have been widely reported and are implicated in stabilization and long-term preservation of organic matter. However, the nature and stability of organomineral interactions and their connection with mineralogical composition have remained uncertain. In this study, we find that continentally derived organic matter of pedogenic origin is stripped from smectite mineral surfaces upon discharge, dispersal, and sedimentation in distal ocean settings. In contrast, organic matter sourced from ancient rocks that is tightly associated with mica and chlorite endures in the marine realm. These results imply that the persistence of continentally derived organic matter in ocean sediments is controlled to a first order by phyllosilicate mineralogy.

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