516. THE EFFECTS OF eCG INJECTION ON SUPEROVULATORY RESPONSES BEFORE VERSUS AFTER CIDR REMOVAL IN IRANIAN SHALL EWES

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
R. Salehi ◽  
H. Kohram
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Maintenance Ration ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Follicular Activity

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eCG injection on ovarian responses 2 days before or immediately after CIDR removal in a superovulation program during non-breeding season in Iranian Shall ewes. 12 ewes were kept inside for the duration of the experiment and were fed a live weight maintenance ration. The ewes were synchronized by CIDR. The day of CIDR insertion was considered as the starting point of the experiment (day 0). The ewes received 1500 IU eCG on day 12. Ewes were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups, and CIDR removed on days 12 and 14 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Ovarian follicular activity was monitored by transrectal ultrasonography daily from the initiation day of superovulatory stimulation (day 12) until the day of estrus (day 14), and once 7 days after estrus (day 21) to monitor the number of corpus lutium. During examination the animals were held in a standing position. Ultrasonographic scanning of both ovaries was recorded using a MP4 player. The number of medium and large follicles (≥3 mm) were recognized, measured and mapped to their location using printed images of both ovaries. Data were analyzed using GLM procedure of the SAS. The results presented in Table 1 showed that the ovarian responses in terms of the number of ≥3 mm follicles at estrus and CL 7 days later were greater (P<0.05) in group 1 ewes. The results indicated that the superior time for eCG injection is on the day of CIDR removal.

519. INFLUENCE OF THE DURATION OF CIDR INSERTION ON OVARIAN RESPONSES IN AN eCG PROGRAM DURING NON-BREEDING SEASON IN EWES

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
R. Salehi ◽  
H. Kohram
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Maintenance Ration ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Follicular Activity

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 14 versus 7 days CIDR insertion before eCG treatment on superovulatory responses during non-breeding season in ewes. 10 Iranian Shall ewes, between 2 and 3 years old were kept inside during the experiment period and were fed a live weight maintenance ration. Ewes were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. CIDR was inserted to the ewes of group 1 for 14 days and for 7 days to group 2. Each ewe received 1500 IU eCG on the day of CIDR removal. Ovarian follicular activity was monitored by transrectal ultrasonography on the days of eCG treatment, estrus, and 7 days after estrus to monitor the number of corpus lutium. During examination the animals were held in a standing position. Scanning of both ovaries was recorded using a MP4 player. The number of medium and large follicles (≥3 mm in diameter) were recognized, measured and mapped to their location using printed images of both ovaries. Data were analyzed using GLM procedure of the SAS. The results presented in Table 1 shows that the ovarian responses in terms of the number of ≥3 mm follicles at estrus is greater (P<0.05) in group 1 than group 2 ewes. The mean number of CL after eCG injection in group 1 and 2 were also significantly different (3.6±0.24 vs 2.4±0.51; P<0.05). The results showed that the 14 days synchronization before eCG treatment during non-breading seasons in ewes had the beneficial effects on ovarian responses.

A note on reproductive performance and plasma progesterone level during early pregnancy of Scottish Blackface and Cheviot ewes in relation to body condition and level of nutrition prior to mating

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
J. M. Doney
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Maintenance Ration

ABSTRACTSeventy-nine Scottish Blackface and 79 North × South Country Cheviot ewes were fed to increase their mean condition score by 0·5 over periods of either 4 (M/H group) or 8 (I group) weeks prior to mating. Thereafter, they were fed a live-weight maintenance ration until they were slaughtered at 50 to 65 days after mating. Reproductive tracts were recovered, corpora lutea counted and embryos counted and examined. Plasma progesterone levels were monitored at selected times after mating. The proportion of ewes in each treatment group that were pregnant at the time of slaughter was similar (0·75 to 0·83) but there was evidence of differences in the pattern of reproductive failure with treatment. The proportion of non-pregnant ewes which had apparently been pregnant initially was 0·55 in the M/H group compared with only 0·27 in the I group. Circulating progesterone levels were not affected by premating nutritional treatments but differed with breed.

Effect of level of food intake at mating on the reproductive performance of ewes passively immunized against testosterone

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
B. A. Morris ◽  
Jill Clayton ◽  
G. Gittus
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
High Condition ◽  
Maintenance Ration ◽  
Circulating Antibody

AbstractIn a 2 × 2 × 2 experiment, 296 Scottish Blackface ewes were fed to achieve one of two levels of body condition (high: condition scores ^2·75; low: condition scores ^2·50) by 2 weeks before joining with rams. Half of the ewes of each condition score were fed dried grass pellets ad libitum and 300 g hay per head daily, between 2 weeks before and 8 days after joining, while the remaining ewes were offered a live-weight maintenance ration comprising 750 g pellets and 400 g hay per head daily. From 8 days after joining the intake of all ewes was gradually changed, over a 2-week period, to 1250 g pellets and 400 g hay per head daily. Two days before joining, half of the ewes of each condition/intake group were passively immunized against testosterone. A total of 99 ewes were slaughtered 18 days after joining and their ovulation rate at the first mating determined. Ovulation rates were significantly affected by immunization (immunized: 2·31, control: 1·86, pooled s.e. = 0·055; P < 0·01) and food intake (ad libitum: 2·24, maintenance: I 92, pooled s.e. = 0·055; P < 0·05) but not by body condition at mating (high: 2·15, low: 2·02, pooled s.e. = 0·059; P > 0·05). Lambing rates were dependent on treatment (immunized: 1·82 control: 1·62, pooled s.e. = 0·044; P < 0·01), food intake (ad libitum: 1·85, maintenance: 1·59, pooled s.e. = 0·043; P < 0·01) and body condition (high: 1·82, low: 1·62, pooled s.e. = 0·044; P < 001). In ewes in a high body condition at mating, the effects of intake and immunization were additive but in ewes in low condition, immunization induced little improvement in performance in ewes fed ad libitum. Circulating antibody titres were lower in ewes fed ad libitum than in ewes offered a maintenance ration (1: 416 v. 1: 534, pooled s.e. = 14; P < 0·001), but ovulation rates and litter sizes were not related to titres.

Ovarian follicular populations, steroidogenic capacity and physiological status in post-partum suckling beef cows in high and low body condition

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 149-149
Author(s):  
R. Prado ◽  
S.M. Rhind ◽  
I.A. Wright ◽  
A.J.F. Russel ◽  
S.M. McMillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Maintenance Ration

Recent evidence indicates that body condition at calving has an important effect on the length of the post-partum anoestrous period in beef cows being longer in cows calving in low body condition (Richards et al, 1986, Wright et al, 1987). It is known that body condition affects baseline concentrations of LH (Rutter and Randel, 1984) and LH pulse frequency (Wright et al, 1987). However, the effect of body condition on ovarian follicles has not been studied.An experiment was designed to examine the effect of body condition score (BCS) at calving on follicle populations, follicular steroidogenic capacity, follicular histology and patterns of gonadotropin release at two different stages of the post-partum period (5 and 9 weeks after calving) in suckling beef cows.Thirty-eight suckling Blue-Grey cows with a mean live-weight of 567 ± 9.4 kg and mean BCS of 3.0 ± 0.05 at 110 days before calving to a synchronized insemination were differentially fed so that they achieved BCS of 2.83 ± 0.05 and 2.30 ± 0.05 for cows on a high (H) and low (L) plane of nutrition, respectively. After calving cows were fed a live-weight maintenance ration according to individual requirements. Cows of each BCS were ovariectomized at either 5 (w5) or 9 (w9) weeks after calving and follicles > 3mm in diameter were dissected from the ovaries and incubated for 2 h in culture medium (Medium 199) at 37°C. Follicles were then kept in Bouin's solution until histological examination. Follicle incubates were assayed for progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol. Blood samples were taken 2 days before ovariectomy for 10 h every 15 minutes and were later assayed for LH (all the samples) and FSH (every third sample).

The effect of body size and body condition on the ovulation rate of ewes

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ducker ◽  
J. S. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Subjective Measure ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Linear Body

SUMMARYBody size was estimated for 255 Greyface ewes using five linear body dimensions. On the basis of this calculated measure combined with a subjective measure of body size 50 small and 50 large ewes were selected for use in the experiment. Precise ovulation data were obtained by endoscopy and this technique allowed the ewes to be mated subsequently.Body size did not affect the mean ovulation rate of the ewes although, at the same level of body condition, the large ewes were 25% heavier than the small ewes. The ovulation rates and the numbers of lambs born were influenced by changes in live weight and body condition. For these reasons live weight per se was not a good indicator of ovulation rate as ewe live weight was a combination of both body size and body condition. At the same live weight small ewes in improving body condition had a significantly higher ovulation rate than large ewes in reducing body condition.The onset of the breeding season of the ewes was not affected by their body size. The mean date of onset of oestrous activity for both large and small ewes was 17 October 1972 at a latitude 55° 52′ N.

Effects of nutrition on hormone profiles and patterns of deiodinase activity in the skin and associated patterns of hair follicle activity and moult in cashmere goats

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
C. E. Kyle ◽  
D. J. Riach ◽  
E. I. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Similar Group ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Nutritional Treatment ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Moult Hormone

AbstractThe effects of nutrition on patterns of live-weight change, hair follicle activity, moult, hormone profiles and associated activities of monodeiodinase enzyme types II and III (MDII and MDIII) in cashmere goats were investigated. From 1 week before the winter solstice (mid December), one group of 15 animals was given a ration designed to provide 2·0 × live weight maintenance requirements (high; H) while a second, similar, group was given 0·8 × live weight maintenance requirements (low; L). After approximately 3 months, L animals had significantly lower mean live weights (P<0·01) than H animals. This was associated with lower (P<0·05) overall mean hair follicle activity in L than H animals during the March to May period and a lower overall mean moult score during March and April in L animals (P<0·01) but a similar mean date of moult onset. Mean concentrations of all of the hormones measured exhibited significant changes (P<0·01) with date of sampling. Overall mean concentrations of insulin, tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine did not differ with treatment but, compared with L animals, H animals exhibited higher mean concentrations of prolactin in April and May (P<0·05) and of insulin-like growth factor-1 in December and January (P<0·001). Rates of activity of MDII and MDIII in skin differed with date (P<0·001) but were not significantly affected by nutritional treatment. The MDIII/MDII ratio differed (P=0·05) with month but was significantly higher (P<0·05) in L than H animals in January, only. It is concluded that the reduction in hair follicle activity and the slower onset of moult associated with reduced nutrition were unlikely to be controlled, directly, by differences in activities of MDII or MDIII in skin tissue.

scholarly journals Partitioning of limiting protein and energy in the growing pig: testing quantitative rules against experimental data

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik B. Sandberg ◽  
Gerry C. Emmans ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Material Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ideal Protein

Literature solutions to the problem of protein and energy partitioning in the growing pig are quantitatively examined. Possible effects of live weight, genotype and food composition on the marginal response in protein retention to protein and energy intakes, on protein and energy-limiting foods are quantified. No evidence was found that the marginal response in protein retention to ideal protein supply, when protein intake is limiting, is affected by live weight, genotype or environmental temperature. There was good evidence that live weight does not affect the marginal response in protein retention to energy intake when protein intake is not limiting. Limited data for different genotypes suggested no effects on this response. A general quantitative partitioning rule is proposed that has two key parameters;ep* (the maximum marginal efficiency for retaining the first limiting amino acid) andR* (the maximum value ofR, the energy to protein ratio of the food, MJ metabolisable energy (ME)/kg digestible crude protein (DCP), whenep* is just achieved). WhenR<R* the material efficiency of using ideal protein is (ep*/R*)×R. The value ofep* was determined to be 0·763 (se 0·0130). There was no good experimental evidence thatep* is different for different amino acids. The best estimate ofR* was 67·9 (se 1·65) MJ ME/kg DCP. Live weight, genotype and temperature did not affect the values of either parameter. A more general understanding of partitioning, including the effects of ‘stressors’ such as disease, may be achieved by using the preferred rule as a starting point.

Studies on the effects of milking on calf growth and viability and on cow reproductive performance in traditionally managed N'Dama herds

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Agyemang ◽  
R. H. Dwinger ◽  
A. S. Grieve ◽  
D. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTThe effects of milking on the overall productivity of N'Dama cattle kept under village conditions were studied using three groups of cows during a 27-month period. One group of 46 cows in 16 herds in Nioro Jattaba village was not milked for human consumption and their calves had access to all of their milk (group 1). Another group of 46 cows in the same herds was partially milked for human use once a day while the calves had access to the residual milk (group 2), the normal husbandry practice in this village. A third group of 70 cows in six herds, managed similarly in a similar production environment in the nearby village of Keneba, was milked twice daily with the residual milk for their calves, the normal husbandry in this village. A mean extraction of 296 (s.d. 110·7) kg milk per cow occurred in group 2 during a lactation period of 517 days while the figure for group 3 was 450 (s.d. 177·7) kg per cow over 430 days. At the end of the observation period, calf mortality to 12 months averaged 6% and was similar in all groups. Calf weights at 12 months in group 1 (98·1 kg) exceeded that of groups 2 and 3 by proportionately 0·26 and 0·38 (P < 0·001) respectively. Mean calving rate was 53% in groups 1 and 2, and 72% in group 3. Post-partum body-weight losses were most severe in group 1, followed in order by groups 2 and 3. A herd productivity index (incorporating calf weight, live weight equivalent of milk extracted for human use, cow and calf viability and calving rate) was 100·7 kg calf weight per 100 kg metabolic weight of cow per year for group 1, 110·2 for group 2 and 166·1 kg for group 3. These values suggest that recommendations to small-holder farmers for enhancing livestock productivity should include strategies to improve milk yields in general rather than advocating no milk extraction or changing the milking regime currently practised.

Influence of the growth promotant Synovex-H® on growth, resistance to parasites and reproduction of cattle heifers of three breeds

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Frisch ◽  
R. A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Weight Gains

SUMMARYSynovex-H®, a combination of testosterone propionate and oestradiol benzoate, was implanted on three occasions at about 90-day intervals into Hereford × Shorthorn (HS), Brahman (B) and BX(B × HS) heifers to try to increase live weights and hence pregnancy rates at first breeding. Half of both the implanted and nonimplanted heifers of each breed was treated every 3 weeks to control cattle ticks and gastro-intestinal helminths. Treatment to control these parasites increased live weights, the increase depending on the breed. Implanting with Synovex-H also increased growth, the magnitude of the increase depending on both breed and treatment to control parasites. When parasites were present in significant numbers in the environment, the implanted groups had higher tick and helminth burdens and, in consequence, their live weight gains in response to the implant were lower than those of the nonimplanted group. The reason for the increase in susceptibility to parasites of the implanted group was not sought. It is suggested that it is associated with the presence, either alone or in combination, of the androgen and oestrogen components of Synovex-H.By the start of the 10-week breeding season, 290 days after the last dose of Synovex-H was implanted, previous advantages of the implanted groups in live weight had been eroded to the point where the differences between groups were no longer statistically significant. Subsequent fertility both as maidens and as first-calf heifers was generally significantly lower in the previously implanted groups of all breeds. Calves born to implanted heifers were not as heavy as those born to nonimplanted heifers both at weaning and 120 days after weaning. The particular regimen of use of Synovex-H followed in this study cannot be recommended if heifers are to be used for breeding.

Follicular waves are associated with transient fluctuations in FSH but not oestradiol or inhibin-A concentrations in anoestrous ewes

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.O. Evans ◽  
P. Duffy ◽  
K. M. Quinn ◽  
P. G. Knight ◽  
M. P. Boland
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Inhibin A ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Follicular Waves

AbstractThe aim was to examine statistically the changes among days in the numbers of follicles relative to the growth of large follicles to test the hypothesis that follicular development occurs in a wave-like fashion in anoestrous ewes. The relationships among the patterns of circulating concentrations of FSH, oestradiol and inhibin-A and the pattern of follicular growth as well as relationships among follicular fluid steroid and inhibin-A concentrations were also studied. The ovaries of 11 ewes were examined daily using transrectal ultrasonography for 14 days and blood samples were collected every 8 h for 9 days. Five ewes were ovariectomized on the last day of ultrasound scanning. One to three identified follicles (a cohort) emerged every 2 to 5 days (mean 2·9 (s.e. 0·2) days) in individual ewes. The numbers of 4 and 5 mm follicles were fewest (P < 0·05) before and greatest (P < 0·05) 1 day after cohort emergence. This change in the numbers of follicles indicates a wave-like pattern of follicular growth. FSH concentrations were greatest (P < 0·05) on the day before wave emergence and lowest (P < 0·05) on the day of wave emergence. Peripheral concentrations of oestradiol and inhibin-A did not fluctuate (P > 0·05) in association with the emergence of follicular waves. The follicles that were collected at ovariectomy originated from one of three different waves. Oestradiol and inhibin-A concentrations in follicular fluid and the oestradiol-to-progesterone ratio were not different among the largest follicles of successive waves, when follicles were collected at the same time, indicating that new waves of follicles developed before the demise of old waves.In conclusion, waves of follicles emerged about every 3 days in anoestrous ewes (defined as significant changes in numbers of follicles) and were associated with fluctuations in FSH concentrations but not peripheral oestradiol or inhibin-A concentrations. New follicular waves also emerged in the presence of steroidogenically active (positive oestradiol-to-progesterone ratio), inhibin-A producing follicles from a previous wave suggesting that follicles do not exert functional dominance during the non-breeding season.

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