Effects of nutrition on hormone profiles and patterns of deiodinase activity in the skin and associated patterns of hair follicle activity and moult in cashmere goats

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
C. E. Kyle ◽  
D. J. Riach ◽  
E. I. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Similar Group ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Nutritional Treatment ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Moult Hormone

AbstractThe effects of nutrition on patterns of live-weight change, hair follicle activity, moult, hormone profiles and associated activities of monodeiodinase enzyme types II and III (MDII and MDIII) in cashmere goats were investigated. From 1 week before the winter solstice (mid December), one group of 15 animals was given a ration designed to provide 2·0 × live weight maintenance requirements (high; H) while a second, similar, group was given 0·8 × live weight maintenance requirements (low; L). After approximately 3 months, L animals had significantly lower mean live weights (P<0·01) than H animals. This was associated with lower (P<0·05) overall mean hair follicle activity in L than H animals during the March to May period and a lower overall mean moult score during March and April in L animals (P<0·01) but a similar mean date of moult onset. Mean concentrations of all of the hormones measured exhibited significant changes (P<0·01) with date of sampling. Overall mean concentrations of insulin, tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine did not differ with treatment but, compared with L animals, H animals exhibited higher mean concentrations of prolactin in April and May (P<0·05) and of insulin-like growth factor-1 in December and January (P<0·001). Rates of activity of MDII and MDIII in skin differed with date (P<0·001) but were not significantly affected by nutritional treatment. The MDIII/MDII ratio differed (P=0·05) with month but was significantly higher (P<0·05) in L than H animals in January, only. It is concluded that the reduction in hair follicle activity and the slower onset of moult associated with reduced nutrition were unlikely to be controlled, directly, by differences in activities of MDII or MDIII in skin tissue.

The effects of bovine somatotropin on hair follicle activity and cashmere fibre growth in goats

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Villar ◽  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
S. R. McMillen ◽  
P. Dicks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Secondary Fibre

The aim of this study was to determine the role of circulating growth hormone (GH) profiles in the cessation of secondary hair follicle activity and secondary fibre growth in goats during autumn/winter and to determine whether it is possible to extend the period of growth of this fibre by artificially increasing circulating concentrations of this hormone. Nine cashmere goats were each injected, weekly, with 50 mg of bovine somatotropin (bST; treated) in carrier oil, for a period of 5 months between late August and late January. Goats of a second group of 9 animals were injected with sesame oil and served as controls. Treated goats had significantly higher circulating concentrations of growth hormone (P< 0.001), insulin (P< 0.01), thyroxine (P< 0.001), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I; P< 0.001). Secondary fibre growth rate and liveweight gains were significantly (P< 0.05) higher in treated than control goats. The proportion of active secondary follicles was positively associated with circulating IGF- I concentrations in treated but not control goats. Follicle activity was not related to the profiles of any of the other hormones measured. The mean date of cessation of secondary fibre growth was not affected by treatment. It is concluded that treatment with bST stimulated the rate of secondary fibre growth but did not delay the time of cessation of this growth or the decline in follicle activity. It is further concluded that circulating hormone profiles do not directly control follicle activity and secondary fibre growth and moult and that their effects probably involve changes within the skin and/or hair follicle, possibly in hormone receptor populations, deiodinase enzyme activity, or growth factor synthesis.

scholarly journals Effects of melatonin administration to cashmere goats on cashmere production and hair follicle characteristics in two consecutive cashmere growth cycles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhe Yang ◽  
Chunhui Duan ◽  
Ziyuan Wu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yinyin Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Cashmere Goats

Abstract Background: Short-term melatonin treatment of cashmere goats has been shown to increase the quantity and quality of cashmere fibre. However, the long-term effects of melatonin treatment on cashmere production and hair follicle characteristics of these goats has not been reported. Therefore, we investigated changes in cashmere production and in hair follicle populations and their activity in melatonin-treated cashmere goats for two consecutive cashmere growth cycles.Methods: Twenty-four female Inner Mongolian Cashmere goats were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 12), one of which received melatonin implants, the other being an untreated control group. Melatonin implants were subcutaneously inserted behind the ear at a dose of 2 mg/kg live weight on two occasions – 30 April and 30 June 2016. Cashmere samples were collected at combing in April of 2017 and 2018. Blood and skin samples were collected monthly between April and September 2016, and during April and September in 2017. Results: Our results showed that melatonin treatment of cashmere goats in one cashmere growth cycle increased (P < 0.05) weight, length, density and decreased (P < 0.01) diameter of cashmere fibre, however it did not affect cashmere production in the following annual cycle. Melatonin treatment of cashmere goats had no effect on the population of secondary hair follicles for the two consecutive cycles. However, in the first growth cycle following treatment it advanced (P < 0.05) the onset of activity of secondary hair follicles by 2 months and it increased (P < 0.05) the population of these follicles that were active. Serum melatonin concentrations of the treated goats were elevated, relative to those of the control group (P < 0.05), but only during the first growth cycle.Conclusions: In summary, melatonin treatment of cashmere goats in one cashmere growth cycle improved cashmere production for that cycle only, with no residual effects on the following cycle. This makes the technique acceptable to the cashmere goat industry. The improvement in cashmere production following treatment of goats with melatonin appears to involve an acceleration of the annual regeneration of secondary hair follicles and an increased population of active secondary hair follicles in the skin of cashmere goats.

Differences amongst breeds of sheep in food requirements for maintenance and live-weight change

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
A. J. F. Russel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

SUMMARYIn a series of experiments, each of 6 weeks' duration, non-pregnant Romney, Scottish Blackface and Tasmanian fine-wool Merino ewes were individually penned in an outdoor environment and allocated a constant ration within a range from 8 to 30 g of a standard dried-grass pellet per kg live weight. Maintenance requirements were calculated from the regression of live-weight change per unit weight on intake per unit weight. Comparable values for the three breeds were computed as 8·4, 9·2 and 14·0 g DOM (digestible organic matter)/kg/day for Romney, Blackface and Merino respectively, the latter being significantly higher than for the two British breeds. Estimates of requirements per unit change in live weight, after allowing for maintenance, were 5·1, 4·6 and 3·0 g DOM/g live-weight change for the three breeds. Methods of estimation of energy requirements and the reasons for differences between breeds are discussed.

Fibroblast growth factor 5-short (FGF5s) inhibits the activity of FGF5 in primary and secondary hair follicle dermal papilla cells of cashmere goats

Gene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 575 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin He ◽  
Yuan Chao ◽  
Guangxian Zhou ◽  
Yulin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Cashmere Goats

scholarly journals Chi-miR-370-3p regulates hair follicle development of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Hai ◽  
Wenjing Han ◽  
Zhihong Wu ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Fangzheng Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Hair Follicle Development

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of 22 nucleotide (nt) non-coding RNAs, negatively regulate mRNA post-transcriptional modification in various biological processes. Initiation of skin hair follicles in cashmere goats is a dynamic process involving many key signalling molecules, but the associated cellular biological mechanisms induced by these key signalling molecules have not been reported. Results In this study, differential expression, bioinformatics, and Gene Ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on miRNA expression profiles of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats at 45, 55, and 65 days during the foetal period, and chi-miR-370-3p was identified and investigated further. Real-time fluorescence quantification (qRT-PCR), dual luciferase reporting, and western blotting results showed that transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGF-βR2) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) were the target genes of chi-miR-370-3p. Chi-miR-370-3p also regulated the expression of TGF-βR2 and FGFR2 at mRNA and protein levels in epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts. DNA staining, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), and fluorescein-labelled Annexin V results showed that chi-miR-370-3p inhibited the proliferation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts, but had no effect on apoptosis. Cell scratch test results showed that chi-miR-370-3p promoted the migration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Conclusion Chi-miR-370-3p inhibits the proliferation of epithelial cells and fibroblasts by targeting TGF-βR2 and FGFR2, thereby improving cell migration ability, and ultimately regulating the fate of epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts to develop the placode (PC) and dermal condensate (DC), inducing hair follicle development.

Involvement of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and Met receptor signaling in hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Lindner ◽  
Andreas Menrad ◽  
Ermanno Gherardi ◽  
Glenn Merlino ◽  
Pia Welker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth Factor ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Met Receptor ◽  
Scatter Factor ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

The rôles of photoperiod and nutrition in the seasonal increases in growth and insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion in male red deer

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Webster ◽  
I. D. Corson ◽  
R. P. Littlejohn ◽  
S. K. Martin ◽  
J. M. Suttie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor

AbstractYoung male red deer follow a seasonal growth pattern that can be shifted by altering the photoperiod they experience. An increase in photoperiod to 16 h of light per day (16L : 8D) during winter advances the onset of rapid growth and high food intake that normally commences in spring. These changes are associated with increased growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) secretion. The GH/IGF-1 axis is acutely sensitive to the level of nutrition and the relative rôles of photoperiod and nutrition in determining the spring IGF-1 rise is unknown. The present experiment set out to examine this by exposing two groups of deer (no. = 8 per group) to a photoperiod shift during their 1st year of life (16L : 8D from 2 June), designed to cause accelerated growth and increased food intake after approximately 7 weeks. However, after 6 weeks the food intake (pellets containing 11 MJ metabolizable energy and 160 g crude protein per kg dry matter (DM)) of one group (LDRES) was clamped, thereby preventing the intake component of the response. The intake of the other group (LDAL) remained ad libitum for a further 12 weeks until 6 October, when the experiment concluded.During the first 6 weeks of 16L : 8D, growth rate (118 (s.e. 15·4) g/day) and food intake (1·37 (s.e. 0·031) kg DM per head per day) did not differ between the groups. Food intake following the clamp in LDRES averaged 1·40 (s.e. 0·015) kg per head per day. The intake of LDAL increased 2 weeks after the clamp and thereafter was higher than LDRES (P < 0·001). Food intake of LDAL averaged 2·13 (s.e. 0·051) kg during the nutritional clamp period. Growth rates increased in both groups during the first 3 weeks of the clamp, averaging 237 (s.e. 25·0) g/day, then growth slowed in LDRES and live weights diverged. Growth rates until the end of the experiment (147 (s.e.23·0) g/ day v. 299 (s.e. 12·5) g/day, P < 0·001) and mean live weight over the last 5 weeks of the experiment were lower (P < 0·05) in LDRES than LDAL, weights reaching 88·3 (s.e. 1·86) kg and 97·9 (s.e. 2·74) kg respectively on the final sampling date. Metatarsal bone length grew more in LDAL than in LDRES (3·1 v. 2·2 cm, s.e.d. = 0·23, P < 0·01). Prior to the nutritional clamp, mean plasma prolactin and IGF-1 concentrations increased at 3 and 6 weeks after 16L : 8D respectively, in both groups. Prolactin concentrations were lower in LDRES than LDAL on two occasions, at weeks 3 and 7 after the onset of the nutritional clamp, and IGF-1 concentrations were lower in LDRES than LDAL (676 v. 872 ng/ml, s.e.d. = 73·8, P < 0·05) over the last 7 weeks of sampling.In summary, a photoperiodically driven increase in IGF-1 occurred even when the usual associated increase in food intake was prevented. This indicates that the seasonal IGF-1 rise in red deer is not a consequence of the increased food intake, although the latter appears necessary to maintain elevated IGF-1 concentrations. The rise in IGF-1 may therefore be considered as a component of the photoperiodically entrained seasonal drive to grow, and the increase in food intake a response to satisfy the increased energy demand.

scholarly journals Using WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) to identify the hub genes of skin hair follicle development in fetus stage of Inner Mongolia cashmere goat

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243507
Author(s):  
Zhihong Wu ◽  
Erhan Hai ◽  
Zhengyang Di ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Fangzheng Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Cashmere Goats ◽  
Hair Follicle Development

Objective Mature hair follicles represent an important stage of hair follicle development, which determines the stability of hair follicle structure and its ability to enter the hair cycle. Here, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify hub genes of mature skin and hair follicles in Inner Mongolian cashmere goats. Methods We used transcriptome sequencing data for the skin of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats from fetal days 45–135 days, and divided the co expressed genes into different modules by WGCNA. Characteristic values were used to screen out modules that were highly expressed in mature skin follicles. Module hub genes were then selected based on the correlation coefficients between the gene and module eigenvalue, gene connectivity, and Gene Ontology (GO)/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The results were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Ten modules were successfully defined, of which one, with a total of 3166 genes, was selected as a specific module through sample and gene expression pattern analyses. A total of 584 candidate hub genes in the module were screened by the correlation coefficients between the genes and module eigenvalue and gene connectivity. Finally, GO/KEGG functional enrichment analyses detected WNT10A as a key gene in the development and maturation of skin hair follicles in fetal Inner Mongolian cashmere goats. qPCR showed that the expression trends of 13 genes from seven fetal skin samples were consistent with the sequencing results, indicating that the sequencing results were reliable.n

scholarly journals Expression Profiling and Functional Analysis of Circular RNAs in Inner Mongolian Cashmere Goat Hair Follicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangzheng Shang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Zhengyang Di ◽  
Zhihong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cashmere Goats

BackgroundInner Mongolian cashmere goats have hair of excellent quality and high economic value, and the skin hair follicle traits of cashmere goats have a direct and important effect on cashmere yield and quality. Circular RNA has been studied in a variety of tissues and cells.ResultIn this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to obtain the expression profiles of circular RNA (circRNA) in the hair follicles of Inner Mongolian cashmere goats at different embryonic stages (45, 55, 65, and 75 days). A total of 21,784 circRNAs were identified. At the same time, the differentially expressed circRNA in the six comparison groups formed in the four stages were: d75vsd45, 59 upregulated and 33 downregulated DE circRNAs; d75vsd55, 61 upregulated and 102 downregulated DE circRNAs; d75vsd65, 32 upregulated and 33 downregulated DE circRNAs; d65vsd55, 67 upregulated and 169 downregulated DE circRNAs; d65vsd45, 96 upregulated and 63 downregulated DE circRNAs; and d55vsd45, 76 upregulated and 42 downregulated DE circRNAs. Six DE circRNA were randomly selected to verify the reliability of the sequencing results by quantitative RT-PCR. Subsequently, the circRNA corresponding host genes were analyzed by the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. The results showed that the biological processes related to hair follicle growth and development enriched by GO mainly included hair follicle morphogenesis and cell development, and the signaling pathways related to hair follicle development included the Notch signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. We combined the DE circRNA of d75vsd45 with miRNA and mRNA databases (unpublished) to construct the regulatory network of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA, and formed a total of 102 pairs of circRNA–miRNA and 126 pairs of miRNA–mRNA interactions. The binding relationship of circRNA3236–chi-miR-27b-3p and circRNA3236–chi-miR-16b-3p was further verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays, and the results showed that circRNA3236 and chi-miR-27b-3p, and circRNA3236 and chi-miR-16b-3p have a targeted binding relationship.ConclusionTo summarize, we established the expression profiling of circRNA in the fetal skin hair follicles of cashmere goats, and found that the host gene of circRNA may be involved in the development of hair follicles of cashmere goats. The regulatory network of circRNA–miRNA–mRNA was constructed and preliminarily verified using DE circRNAs.

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