Characterizing and mapping fuels for Malaysia and western Indonesia

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caren C. Dymond ◽  
Orbita Roswintiarti ◽  
Michael Brady
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Fuel Characteristics ◽  
Global Vegetation

Fire management systems are being developed in many tropical countries, including Indonesia and Malaysia. As part of that development, this study set out to develop a fuel classification system and map for Malaysia and western Indonesia. We developed a template of fuel characteristics from temperate fuel classification systems and gathered data from literature and the field. The result was eight fuel types and two soil modifiers, which were characterized in terms that affect fire occurrence, fire behaviour and therefore fire management. Furthermore, we developed a method to map those fuel types based on existing global vegetation data. The result was a fuel type map at 1 km resolution suitable for coordination of international fire management efforts. This new map was also suitable for emission and smoke modelling efforts.

Fire Behaviour Modelling in Tasmanian Buttongrass Moorlands .I. Fuel Characteristics

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Marsden-Smedley ◽  
WR Catchpole
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Subsequent Paper ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Fuel Loading ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fuel Models ◽  
Fuel Characteristics ◽  
The Dead

As part of a program to develop fire management strategies for Tasmanian buttongrass moorlands fuel characteristics were sampled from a wide range of sites in western and southwestern Tasmania. Equations were developed to predict the total fuel loading and the dead fuel loading. These variables are shown in a subsequent paper to be correlated with fire behaviour. The best predictors of fuel loading were found to be geology, vegetation age (i.e. time since the last fire) and vegetation cover. Vegetation cover is difficult to assess consistently. It is shown that reasonable predictions can be made using age and geology alone. The dead fuel loading of a given age was found to be strongly related to the total fuel loading, independent of geology. Statistical techniques used to develop fuel models are discussed. Other fuel characteristics that could be used as inputs for the Rothermel fire behaviour model are also presented.

Fire modelling in Tasmanian buttongrass moorlands. III. Dead fuel moisture

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon B. Marsden-Smedley ◽  
Wendy R. Catchpole
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Fuel Moisture ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Fire Modelling

An experimental program was carried out in Tasmanian buttongrass moorlands to develop fire behaviour prediction models for improving fire management. This paper describes the results of the fuel moisture modelling section of this project. A range of previously developed fuel moisture prediction models are examined and three empirical dead fuel moisture prediction models are developed. McArthur’s grassland fuel moisture model gave equally good predictions as a linear regression model using humidity and dew-point temperature. The regression model was preferred as a prediction model as it is inherently more robust. A prediction model based on hazard sticks was found to have strong seasonal effects which need further investigation before hazard sticks can be used operationally.

scholarly journals Toward the Development of a Comprehensive Clinically Oriented Patient Profile: A Systematic Review of the Purpose, Characteristic, and Methodological Quality of Classification Systems of Adult Spinal Deformity

Neurosurgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenny Yat Hong Kwan ◽  
J Naresh-Babu ◽  
Wilco Jacobs ◽  
Marinus de Kleuver ◽  
David W Polly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Patient Profile

Abstract BACKGROUND Existing adult spinal deformity (ASD) classification systems are based on radiological parameters but management of ASD patients requires a holistic approach. A comprehensive clinically oriented patient profile and classification of ASD that can guide decision-making and correlate with patient outcomes is lacking. OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review to determine the purpose, characteristic, and methodological quality of classification systems currently used in ASD. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science for literature published between January 2000 and October 2018. From the included studies, list of classification systems, their methodological measurement properties, and correlation with treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Out of 4470 screened references, 163 were included, and 54 different classification systems for ASD were identified. The most commonly used was the Scoliosis Research Society-Schwab classification system. A total of 35 classifications were based on radiological parameters, and no correlation was found between any classification system levels with patient-related outcomes. Limited evidence of limited quality was available on methodological quality of the classification systems. For studies that reported the data, intraobserver and interobserver reliability were good (kappa = 0.8). CONCLUSION This systematic literature search revealed that current classification systems in clinical use neither include a comprehensive set of dimensions relevant to decision-making nor did they correlate with outcomes. A classification system comprising a core set of patient-related, radiological, and etiological characteristics relevant to the management of ASD is needed.

Fire Management of Rangelands in the Kimberley Low-Rainfall Zone: a Review.

1999 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Craig
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
General Management ◽  
Noaa Avhrr ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Definition Of

This paper examines a range of environmental, research and practical issues affecting fire management of pastoral lands in the southern part of the Kimberley region in Western Australia. Although spinifex grasslands dominate most leases, smaller areas of more productive pastures are crucially important to many enterprises. There is a lack of local documentation of burning practices during traditional Aboriginal occupation; general features of the fire regime at that time can be suggested on the basis of information from other inland areas. Definition of current tire regimes is improving through interpretation of NOAA-AVHRR satellite imagery. Irregular extensive wildfires appear to dominate, although this should be confirmed by further accumulation, validation and analysis of fire history data. While these fires cause ma,jor difficulties. controlled burn~ng is a necessary part of station management. Although general management guidelines have been published. local research into tire-grazing effects has been very limited. For spinifex pastures, reconimendations are generally consistent with those applying elsewhere in northern Australia. They favour periodic burning of mature spinifex late in the year, before or shortly after the arrival of the first rains, with deferment of grazing. At that time. days of high fire danger may still be expected and prediction of fire behaviour is critical to burning decisions. Early dry-season burning is also required for creating protective tire breaks and to prepare for burning later in the year. Further development of tools for predicting fire behaviour, suited to the discontinuous fuels characteristic of the area, would be warranted. A range of questions concerning the timing and spatial pattern of burning, control of post-fire grazing, and the economics of fire management, should be addressed as resources permit. This can be done through a combination of opportunistic studies, modelling and documentation of local experience. The development of an expert system should be considered to assist in planning and conducting burning activities. Key words: Kimberley, fire regimes, fire management, pastoralism, spinifex

scholarly journals Spatially varying constraints of human-caused fire occurrence in British Columbia, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip E. Camp ◽  
Meg A. Krawchuk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Occurrence ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Human Footprint ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Spatially Varying

Human-caused wildfires are controlled by human and natural influences, and determining their key drivers is critical for understanding spatial patterns of wildfire and implementing effective fire management. We examined an array of explanatory variables that account for spatial controls of human-caused fire occurrence from 1990 to 2013 among six ecosystem zones that vary in human footprint and environmental characteristics in British Columbia, Canada. We found that long-term patterns of human-caused fire in ecosystem zones with a larger human footprint were strongly controlled by biophysical variables explaining conditions conducive to burning, whereas fire occurrence in remote ecosystem zones was controlled by various metrics of human activity. A metric representing the wildland–urban interface was a key factor explaining human-caused fire occurrence regardless of ecosystem zone. Our results contribute to the growing body of research on the varying constraints of spatial patterns of fire occurrence by explicitly examining human-caused fire and the heterogeneity of constraints based on human development.

Computerized Cone Penetration Test for Soil Classification

2008 ◽  
Vol 2053 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh ◽  
Zhongjie Zhang ◽  
Mehmet Tumay ◽  
Mark Morvant
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Fuzzy Classification ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Cone Tip Resistance ◽  
Tip Resistance

Computerized MS-Windows Visual Basic software of a cone penetration test (CPT) for soil classification was developed as part of an extensive effort to facilitate the implementation of CPT technology in many geotechnical engineering applications. Five CPT soil engineering classification systems were implemented as a handy, user-friendly, software tool for geotechnical engineers. In the probabilistic region estimation and fuzzy classification methods, a conformal transformation is first applied to determine the profile of soil classification index (U) with depth from cone tip resistance (qc) and friction ratio (Rf). A statistical correlation was established in the probabilistic region estimation method between the U index and the compositional soil type given by the Unified Soil Classification System. Conversely, the CPT fuzzy classification emphasizes the certainty of soil behavior. The Schmertmann and Douglas and Olsen methods provide soil classification charts based on cone tip resistance and friction ratio. However, Robertson et al. proposed a three-dimensional classification system that is presented in two charts: one chart uses corrected tip resistance (qt) and friction ratio (Rf); the other chart uses qt and pore pressure parameter (Bq) as input data. Five sites in Louisiana were selected for this study. For each site, CPT tests and the corresponding soil boring results were correlated. The soil classification results obtained using the five different CPT soil classification methods were compared.

Yoruba Disease Classifications for Planning in Health Care

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Brieger ◽  
Jayashree Ramakrishna ◽  
Joshua D. Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
General Point ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Illness And Disease ◽  
Point Of Departure

An understanding of local concepts of illness and disease that underlie disease classification systems is essential for designing culturally relevant training programs in primary health care. Prior to training personnel in primary health care in Idere, Nigeria, residents were interviewed revealing that two main groups of disease exist. Generally, arun is serious, chronic and contagious, while aisan represents temporary indispositions. When given seventeen conditions to classify, respondents clearly demarked five as arun and five as aisan while the remainder fell in a grey area in between. Ironically, malaria which is a dangerous disease to young children, was classified as aisan. The disease classification system is being used as a general point of departure for discussion during training. Concerning training on the specific diseases, appropriate ideas are reinforced while others are modified all within the context of the local classification system.

scholarly journals Do audiological classification systems cause more confusion than clarity?

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Access To Services

The lack of a single classification system is clearly problematic, not least because it renders intervention studies difficult to interpret and has implications for patient access to services.

Evolution of Hotel Classification System in Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Dmitry Aleksandrovich KOZLOV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Classification System ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tourism Organization

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the approaches to the system of classification of accommodation facilities in the Russian Federation. The United Nations World Tourism Organization pays great attention to the unification of classification systems for accommodation facilities in all countries of the world, issuing appropriate recommendations on tourism statistics systems, classification of economic activities, as well as criteria for interregional harmonization. In the Russian Federation, there are a number of laws, regulations, state standards, building and sanitary norms and rules concerning the classification of accommodation facilities. They are so imperfect that they have to be revised almost annually or even several times a year. The general statistics of accommodation facilities currently do not correspond to world recommendations. The classification system needs to be revised and brought into line with international standards as much as possible.

Abstract WP260: The Left Atrial Appendage Morphology Improves Prediction of Appendage Stagnant Flow and Stroke Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Using a Simple Classification System

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadi Yaghi ◽  
Andrew Chang ◽  
Gian Ignacio ◽  
Erica Scher ◽  
Nikhil Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Current System ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Atrial Appendage ◽  
Simple Classification

Background and Purpose: Previously we proposed a simple classification system of the left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology, with low risk (LAA-L) defined as one lobe with an acute angle bend arising from the proximal or middle portion and high risk (LAA-H) defined as all other morphologies. We aim to determine the association between LAA morphology (using both classification systems), LAA flow velocity, and stroke rates. Methods: We analyzed consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) selected for ablation who underwent cardiac CT angiography and transesophageal echocardiogram. The primary correlates were LAA-H and non-chicken wing (NCW) LAA morphology. The primary outcome was the composite endpoint of history of ischemic stroke/TIA or non-lacunar infarct on neuroimaging. Adjusting for CHADS2Vasc score, multivariable models were used to determine associations between LAA morphology and composite outcomes. Results: We identified 379 patients; the primary endpoint occurred in 32/379 patients (8.4%). LAA-H (adjusted OR 3.63, 95% CI 1.44-9.14) and NCW LAA morphology (adjusted OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.15-5.53) were associated with the primary endpoint. LAA flow velocity ≤20 cm/s was more common in LAA-H vs. LAA-L (9.6% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.019), but not in NCW vs. CW LAA morphology (9.7% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.054). Conclusion: The LAA H/L morphological classification system may be superior to the current system in risk stratifying patients with AF and correlates better with impaired LAA flow dynamics.

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