Survival of red-capped robins (Petroica goodenovii) in woodland remnants of central western New South Wales, Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Major ◽  
Greg Gowing
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Survival Probabilities ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Winter Half ◽  
Linear Habitat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Summer Half

To determine relative survival rates of small birds occupying small, linear strips of woodland compared with large patches of woodland, marked populations of red-capped robins were monitored over a two-year period. In total, 196 male robins were banded with unique colour combinations in 10 woodland remnants and censused by song playback at half-yearly intervals. The Cormack–Jolly–Seber method was used to calculate half-yearly survival probabilities for birds in the two habitat configurations and the strongest model included separate survival parameters for summer (36.2% 5.1) and autumn (88.9% 13.5) half-years, but a constant recapture probability (50.5% 7.2). The inclusion of separate parameters for the large and linear habitat configurations reduced the strength of the model, indicating that there was no significant difference between the survival rates of birds occupying small, linear strips of woodland and birds occupying large patches of woodland. The mean annual survival, determined by multiplying the half-yearly survival probabilities, was 32%, which is low, compared with the annual survival of other Petroica robins. Although no banded birds were located away from the banding site, we suspect that much of the ‘mortality’ represented emigration during the summer half-year. Under this scenario a better estimate of annual survival (79%) might be achieved by extrapolation of survival over the winter half-year. This study provides no data to support the contention that adult mortality is higher in small, linear strips of habitat, although further data on the fate of birds that disappear from remnants is required before this is conclusive. In addition, to detect a 20% difference in survival using similar methods to the present study, with their accompanying sources of variation, at least 10 times the number of birds would need to be monitored. This might most effectively be done as a co-operative banding project.

Survival Trends among Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binay Kumar Shah ◽  
Krishna Bilas Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Targeted Agents ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Since the approval of sorafenib in December 2005, several targeted therapeutic agents have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This study was conducted to find out whether the improvements in survival of advanced RCC patients with targeted agents have translated into a survival benefit in a population-based cohort. Methods: We analyzed the SEER 18 (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) registry database to calculate the relative survival rates for advanced RCC patients during 2001-2009, 2001-2005, 2006-2007 and 2008-2009. We also evaluated the survival rates by age (<65 and ≥65 years) and sex. Results: The total number of advanced RCC patients during 2001-2009, 2001-2005, 2006-2007 and 2008-2009 were 7,047, 4,059, 1,548 and 1,440, respectively. During 2001-2009, the 1- and 3-year relative survival rates were 26.7 ± 0.6 and 10.0 ± 0.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference in 1-year relative survival rates for patients diagnosed during 2006-2007 and 2008-2009 compared to those diagnosed during 2001-2005. Similarly, the 3-year survival rates for patients diagnosed during 2006-2007 were similar to those diagnosed during 2001-2005. Conclusions: This population-based study showed that there was no significant improvement in relative survival rates among advanced RCC patients in the era of targeted agents.

Survival trends among patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 329-329
Author(s):  
Krishna Bilas Ghimire ◽  
Binay Kumar Shah ◽  
Barsha Nepal
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
P Value ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
End Results

329 Background: Sorafenib was approved by FDA for treatment of HCC in 2007. This study was conducted to evaluate survival outcome in advanced HCC during 2005-2006 and 2008-2009 using U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry database.Methods: We analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER*Stat) database: Incidence - SEER 18 Regs Research Data + Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases, Nov 2011 Sub (1973-2009 varying) using MP-SIR session. We analysed 1 year relative survival rates among stage IV HCC patients between pre- sorafenib (2005- 2006) and post- sorafenib (2008- 2009) eras. We used seer Z test to compare relative survival rates among cohorts of patients categorized by gender and age groups (<50 and >50 years). Results: There were 2,497 (1,180 in pre-sorafenib era and 1,317 in post-sorafenib era) stage IV HCC patients reported in seer database. Overall 1 year relative survival rates ± standard error (SE) were: 12.5±0.7% (12.5±1% in pre sorafenib era vs 13.1±1.1% in post sorafenib era, Z score= 0.481, p value=0.63). Overall Relative survival rates among men and women were 12.9±0.8% (12.7±1.1% in pre vs 13.4±1.2 in post sorafenib era, Z score=0.254, p value=0.79) and 11.8±1.6% (11.7±2.2% in pre vs 11.5±2.5 post sorafenib era, Z score=0.469, p value=0.63) respectively. There was no significant differences between 1 year relative survival rates by age groups (<50 and >50 years). Conclusions: This study showed no significant difference in 1-year relative survival rates during 2008-2009 as compared to 2005-2006. More studies are required to find out why the findings of SHARP trial have not translated to population-based settings.[Table: see text]

Survival of elderly patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with distant metastasis in pre- and post- sorafenib era: A population based study.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15643-e15643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nibash Budhathoki ◽  
Binay Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improvement In Survival

e15643 Background: Sorafinib was approved for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in 2007. This study was conducted to study relative survival in elderly patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in presorafinib and sorafinib era. Methods: We selected elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (distant metastasis based on SEER’s LRD staging) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database diagnosed during January 2000 to December 2013. We calculated one year and five year relative survival rates in pre- (2000-2006) and post- sorafinib (2008-2013) era by sex and ethnicity (Caucasians, African-Americans (AA) & Other) using SEER*Stat software. Results: There were total of 1533 patients in presorafinib era and 1694 patients in postsorafinib era. Of the total population, 71.30% were male and 28.70% female, 71% were Caucasian, 10% African-American and 19% were other race. Median age of patients was 73 years (65-99 years) and medial follow up period was 3 months (0-167 months) Survival rates improved significantly from pre- to post- sorafenib era (1 year RS: 10.60% ±0.80% vs 12.10±0.90%, p value = 0.001; 5 year RS: 1.10%±0.30% vs 1.8%±0.6%, p value = 0.001 ). The survival rate improved significantly for male (1 year RS: 11.60%±1.00% vs 12.30%±1.00%, p value = 0.006; 5 year RS: 1.00%±0.40% vs 1.3%± 0.6% , p value = 0.007) and Caucasian (1 year RS: 10.60%±1.00% vs 12.60%±1.10%, p value = 0.0008; 5 year RS: RS = 1.20%±0.40% vs 1.4%±0.7%, P value = 0.001) patients in post sorafenib era. There was no significant difference in the survival rates among any other cohorts examined.However in black (N = 153 vs 158 , RS = 6.80%±2.10% vs 7.80%±2.40% , p value = 0.77) or other races (N = 311 vs 311, RS = 12.20%±1.90% vs 12.80%±2.10%, p value = 0.30 ) , no significant improvement in survival was noted. Conclusions: Our study showed that relative survival rates of elderly patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with distant metastasis has improved in the post-sorafenib compared to pre-sorafenib era. The improvement in survival is limited to male and Caucasian patients.

Age Structures of Populations of Kangaroos (Macropodidae) taken by Professional Shooters in New South Wales.

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Age Structures

Skulls were aged for 4623 grey kangaroos (of both species), 1030 red kangaroos and 84 wallaroos taken by professional shooters in 1973 around eight towns in New South Wales. There was no significant difference in the proportion of adult (4-9 y) to old (10+ y) animals between areas, but there was a difference between red and grey kangaroos. The proportion of young (0-3y) animals, however, varied significantly between areas; this is attributed partly to variation between shooters. A time-specific life table was constructed on the basis of a stationary age distribution; the annual survival was 0.661 for grey kangaroos, 0.729 for wallaroos and 0.790 for red kangaroos. These rates seem influenced by the minimum carcass weights of 12, 13 and 16 kg for the three species respectively, and by the greater tolerance of graziers for red than grey kangaroos. The limitations and potentialities of these observations are discussed and the direction of future investigations indicated.

Incidence and Survival Outcomes Of Myelodysplastic Syndrome In The United States: A SEER Analysis 2001 - 2010

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 5205-5205
Author(s):  
Hari Prasad Ravipati ◽  
Srinadh Annangi ◽  
Vamsi Kota
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metropolitan Counties

Abstract Introduction Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of hematological disorders leading to ineffective hematopoiesis and excess blast formation. We aimed to establish the incidence rates and median survival periods in MDS by gender, race and geographic location in a large population cohort. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the United States (US) SEER database for MDS cases diagnosed between 2001 and 2010 using ICD-0-3 histology codes 9980/3, 9982/3, 9983/3, 9984/3 and 9986/3. Incidence rates were calculated using the 2000 US standard population. Five-year relative survival rates were measured using the Kaplan-Meier method after excluding cases diagnosed by death certificate and autopsy. Results 14,920 cases were identified of which 87.2 % (n = 13,009) were present in age group sixty years and above. Age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000) for males were 14.8, 10.0, and 12.7 for white, black and other races respectively. The rates for females were 7.7, 7.1, and 7.0. On US county wise MDS case analysis, 11296 (86.8%) of cases were diagnosed in metropolitan counties and 1694 (13%) cases in nonmetropolitan counties. Median relative survival for white, black and other males were 27 months, 36 months and 24 months respectively ; 35 months, 38 months and 37 months for females. Five-year relative survival for white, black, and other males were 32.5% (95% CI 30.7- 34.3), 36.1% (95% CI 28.3 - 43.9) and 30% (95% CI 24.2 - 36.0) vs. 36.2% (95%CI 34.1 - 38.3), 41.1% (95% CI 34.4 - 47.8) and 37.3% (95% CI 30.2 - 44.5) for females. Median relative survival for cases from metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties were 31 months and 31 months respectively. Five-year relative survivals were 35.1% (95% CI 33.7-36.5) and 32.6% (95% CI 29.1-36.0) for metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties MDS cases respectively. Conclusion The incidence of MDS was higher in males compared to females with the highest rate in white males. Survival rates were similar in both sexes. No significant difference in survival rates were seen among the racial groups. No significant difference in the median survival and five-year relative survival rates were noticed between metropolitan and non-metropolitan groups. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Survival difference among patients with hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) based on stage of disease: The pre- and post-sorafenib era.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 411-411
Author(s):  
Chintan Shah ◽  
Hardik Satish Chhatrala ◽  
Kinjal Vora ◽  
Rohit Bishnoi ◽  
Harini Bejjanki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
P Value ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Multiple Tumors ◽  
Survival Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Solitary Tumor

411 Background: Sorafenib was approved for unresectable and metastatic HCC in 2007. We conducted this retrospective study using U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End results (SEER) database to evaluate the relative survival rates of HCC patients before and after the approval of sorafenib. Methods: We analyzed SEER database: Incidence - SEER 18 Regs Research Data + Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases, Nov 2015 Sub (1973-2013 varying). Relative survival at 12,24,36,48 and 60 months interval was measured for patients diagnosed with HCC between 2001 and 2013. Relative survival rates were compared between pre sorafenib (2001-2007) and post sorafenib (2008-2013) eras. Results: A total of 54,901 patients (23,963 in pre sorafenib era and 30,938 in post-sorafenib era) were reported with HCC in SEER database. Relative survival at 5-years significantly improved for HCC patients diagnosed after 2007 (16.00±0.30% vs 18.90±0.30% for pre and post sorafenib era respectively; P-value < 0.001). Relative survival for HCC patients with the solitary tumor was significantly improved (33.10±0.80% vs 35.40±0.90% survival at 5 years for pre and post sorafenib era respectively; P-value < 0.001). Similarly, survival was found to be significantly improved for patients with multiple tumors without vascular invasion (17.10±0.70% vs 19.40±0.80% survival at 5 years for pre and post sorafenib era respectively; p-value < 0.001). Relative survival continued to be poor with no statistically significant difference at any intervals for patients with tumor with vascular invasion (P-value 0.748) or distant metastasis (P-value 0.055). Survival difference was not significant among different age groups and gender between pre and post sorafenib eras. Conclusions: While relative survival significantly improved in post sorafenib era, it is largely limited to patients with the localized disease with the solitary tumor or multiple tumors without any vascular invasion or metastasis. Survival in patients with advanced stage HCC remains poor and has not shown significant improvement since the approval of sorafenib. The study shows better alternatives are needed for advanced-stage unresectable HCC patients.

scholarly journals Annual Survivorship of the Sedentary Rufous-Crowned Sparrow (Aimophila Ruficeps): No Detectable Effects of Edge or Rainfall in Southern California

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 904-916
Author(s):  
Scott A. Morrison ◽  
Douglas T. Bolger ◽  
T. Scott Sillett
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
San Diego County ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Survivorship Analysis ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Survival Probabilities ◽  
Nonbreeding Season ◽  
Aimophila Ruficeps ◽  
Habitat Edge

Abstract The Rufous-crowned Sparrow (Aimophila ruficeps) is a nonmigratory passerine that displays an area-sensitive distribution pattern of abundance in fragmented coastal sagescrub habitat of southern California. To determine if habitat fragmentation negatively affected adult survival, we used Cormack-Jolly-Seber models to compare annual survival probabilities of adult sparrows breeding in habitat adjacent to urban-developed edges to those of birds breeding in the interior of large habitat expanses in San Diego County, 1997–2000. During that period, an El Niño event brought heavy rainfall to the study area, and a La Niña event brought drought. Annual survival probabilities were relatively high for a small passerine (females: 0.69 ± 0.05 SE; males: 0.74 ± 0.04 SE) but, given our data, did not differ between habitat types or with rainfall. Annual resighting probabilities for the birds were strongly associated with variation in rainfall, being high in the wet year and low in the dry year. Mate- and site-fidelity were apparently high, and surveys during the nonbreeding season documented that the sparrows stayed paired and on territories year-round. We hypothesize that the high apparent survivorship of this species is related to its nonmigratory habit and its tendency to curtail reproductive effort during periods of food scarcity. Although our survivorship analysis suggests that the urban-wildland interface does not adversely affect survival of territorial Rufous-crowned Sparrows, our power to detect an effect of habitat edge on survival was low. Thus, we urge caution in concluding that edge effects do not have an ecologically important influence on survival rates in this species.

Estimating survival rates of black bears

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa A Sorensen ◽  
Roger A Powell
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Black Bears ◽  
Telemetry Data ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Capture Recapture

Capture-recapture, radiotelemetry (on a monthly and a yearly basis), and age-distribution methods were used to estimate annual survival rates for black bears (Ursus americanus) in the southern Appalachians from 1981 to 1996. Using capture-recapture data, the Jolly-Seber estimator calculated the annual survival rate for all bears over all years to be 0.64 ± 0.04 (mean ± SE). Because of small sample sizes, this method did not produce yearly estimates or allow separation of the data into age or sex classes. Both the Kaplan-Meier estimator (using monthly telemetry data) and the percent survival estimator (using yearly telemetry data) computed an overall annual survival rate of 0.76 ± 0.04. Survival rates for the early years of the study (1981-1987) were significantly lower than in the late years (1988-1996). No significant difference in survival rate was detected between the sexes or among age-classes. Because it is difficult to capture and recapture large numbers of animals, radiotelemetry methods are preferable for large mammals such as black bears. If bears wear their collars for at least a year, calculating survival from yearly telemetry data provides a good estimate of bear survival. Using monthly telemetry data, however, provided the most detailed understanding of bear survival. Survival estimates produced by the age-distribution method were unreliable.

Effect of Ozonation on Microbial Fish Pathogens, Ammonia, Nitrate, Nitrite, and BOD in Simulated Reuse Hatchery Water

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1290-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Colberg ◽  
A. J. Lingg
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Significant Difference

The effectiveness of ozone as a disinfectant of makeup water and its potential for treatment of recycled water in commercial reuse hatcheries was considered in this study. Comparative survival rates in water were established for four bacterial fish pathogens (Aeromonas salmonicida, A. liquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Yersinia ruckeri [the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease]), Bacillus polymyxa, and a bacterium–protozoan population during batch and continuous flow ozonation. A specific microbial ozone demand was exerted during batch ozonation, and > 99% mortality of the fish pathogens was observed within 60-s contact during continuous flow exposure at 1.0 and 0.1 mg O3/L. Spores of B. polymyxa were resistant to a concentration of 1.0 mg O3/L for at least 10 min. The oxidation rate for the combined bacterial–protozoan biomass closely approximated rates established in pure culture studies, with no significant difference in relative survival rates between bacteria and protozoa. Elevated carbon levels did not appear to exert a preferential ozone demand when added to suspensions of test organisms. Oxidation of carbon and nitrite by ozone was rapid at low ozone concentrations, with carbon and ammonia oxidation rates exhibiting pH-dependence. The oxidation capacity of ozone in water was greatest at elevated pH even though the measurable ozone concentration was lower. Key words: ozone, fish pathogens, BOD, nitrite, ammonia, protozoans

scholarly journals Subtle Changes or Dramatic Perceptions of Air Pollution in Sydney during COVID-19

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Peter Brimblecombe ◽  
Yonghang Lai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
New South ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference

The COVID-19 pandemic made it critical to limit the spread of the disease by enforcing human isolation, restricting travel and reducing social activities. Dramatic improvements to air quality, especially NO2, have often characterised places under COVID-19 restrictions. Air pollution measurements in Sydney in April 2019 and during the lockdown period in April 2020 show reduced daily averaged NO2 concentrations: 8.52 ± 1.92 and 7.85 ± 2.92 ppb, though not significantly so (p1~0.15) and PM2.5 8.91 ± 4.94 and 7.95 ± 2.64 µg m−3, again a non-significant difference (p1~0.18). Satellite imagery suggests changes that parallel those at ground level, but the column densities averaged over space and time, in false-colour, are more dramatic. Changed human mobility could be traced in increasing times spent at home, assessed from Google Mobility Reports and mirrored in decreased traffic flow on a major road, suggesting compliance with the restrictions. Electricity demand for the State of New South Wales was low under lockdown in early April 2020, but it recovered rapidly. Analysis of the uses of search terms: bushfires, air quality, haze and air pollution using Google Trends showed strong links between bushfires and pollution-related terms. The smoke from bushfires in late 2019 may well have added to the general impression of improved air quality during lockdown, despite only modest changes in the ground level measurements. This gives hints that successful regulation of air quality requires maintaining a delicate balance between our social perceptions and the physical reality.

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