Feral pigs in north-western Australia: basic biology, bait consumption, and the efficacy of 1080 baits

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Tim Lowe ◽  
Gary Martin ◽  
Michael Everett
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
River Region ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Poison Baiting ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
North Western

Bait consumption, and the efficacy of 1080-treated grain, were determined for feral pigs (Sus scrofa) during the dry season in the Fitzroy River region of north-western Australia. There were an estimated 250 pigs on the study site (15 000-ha paddock with beef cattle) before poison-baiting, and group size and the basic biology of these pigs were similar to that found elsewhere in Australia. All animals at the study site were naive to the test baits. Fermented wheat with added blood and bone was an attractant for feral pigs but added fish oil was not. Wheat and malted barley were the ‘preferred’ baits. Lupins and pig pellets were consumed in lesser amounts, suggesting that they are less/not acceptable to some feral pigs. Consequently, the efficacy of 1080-treated wheat and malted barley was determined (n = 3 sites per treatment). Three independent measures of pig activity/abundance were used. The daily sighting index before and after poison-baiting suggested that pig numbers were decreased by at least 81–100% (mean 89%) regardless of which bait was used. The take of both 1080-bait and non-toxic fermented wheat added to each station generally ceased within 1–3 days, and little take occurred during the post-poisoning follow-up. Pig tracks decreased to zero within 1–3 days of poisoning on the two sites where track plots were established. However, due to the arrival of ‘immigrant’ pigs ~6 days after poisoning on two sites, and the need to close down a third site before poison-baiting could be completed, we believe the absolute efficacy was greater than the 89% overall reduction. Even though they had access to bait, there was no bait-take by non-target species, either native (toxic and non-toxic bait) or domestic (non-toxic bait). The 61 pig carcases found after poisoning were within 20–610 m of active bait stations (mean 232 m), and most were found in clustered groups. These findings are discussed with respect to the development of management strategies for reducing the impacts of feral pigs, and in terms of their potential implications for developing wildlife disease (exotic and endemic) contingency plans.

Feral pigs in north-western Australia: population recovery after 1080 baiting and further control

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Tim Lowe ◽  
Michael Everett ◽  
Gary Martin
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Population Recovery ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Muddy Water ◽  
Good Body Condition ◽  
Bait Station ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
North Western ◽  
Fitzroy River

The recovery rate of a population of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in the west Kimberley in north-western Australia was determined 12 months after a 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate)-baiting program. An estimated 56 pigs were present in the 15 000-ha study area in August 2005 compared with the prebaiting levels of 250–275 pigs in 2004 (11 pigs were known to be alive on site after the 2004 baiting). This represents a population recovery of 20–23% of the 2004 prebaiting levels. Although most pigs were in good body condition, environmental conditions were quite different between the two years. In 2005, some waterholes were dry or comprised mainly muddy water with little associated shelter for feral pigs. Consequently, and in contrast to 2004, no pigs were seen, and no bait take could be attributed to feral pigs, at the four resurveyed waterholes. Most pig sightings, and activity, were close to the Fitzroy River. Fermented wheat, with blood and bone, was used to determine areas of pig activity, and also used as prefeed before 1080-baiting commenced in 2005. Using the same bait stations as for 2004, plus additional stations established in new areas of pig activity, 1080-treated wheat and malted barley again proved highly effective in reducing pig numbers. The daily sighting index before and after 1080-baiting indicated that pig numbers had been reduced by ~90% within four days. Estimated pre- and postpoisoning density, with and without an edge effect, was 0.12–1.7 pigs km–2 and 0.05–0.67 pigs km–2. Pig tracks decreased to zero on the six track plots within two days of baiting, but the number of macropod tracks remained constant over the four-day baiting period. Thirty-eight poisoned pigs were found after 1080-baiting, and these were generally in clustered groups within 200 m of an active bait station. Poisoned juvenile pigs were again found closer to the active bait stations than were adult or subadult pigs (P < 0.05).

Bait consumption by, and 1080-based control of, feral pigs in the Mediterranean climatic region of south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Tim Lowe ◽  
Gary Martin
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Feral Pigs ◽  
Poison Baiting ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
Minimal Evidence

The consumption of five non-toxic, grain-based baits, and the effectiveness of the preferred baits when treated with 1080 in reducing pig numbers, were determined for feral pigs (Sus scrofa) in several areas in the Mediterranean agricultural region of Western Australia. Fermented wheat with added blood and bone proved an effective attractant for feral pigs, and for determining areas of pig activity. Wheat and malted barley were the preferred baits, there was a variable response to lupins, and commercial pig pellets were consumed least. Malted barley, barley, and wheat treated with 1080 gave good reductions in pig numbers at the localised scale. Where pigs would eat lupins, 1080-treated lupins were usually effective in reducing pig abundance. In some instances, further evidence of feral pig activity was not seen on several sites for several months after poison-baiting occurred. The addition of a small amount of unpoisoned grain to mask the presence of 1080 did not increase the take of treated bait (P < 0.05). Although finding poisoned pigs was difficult owing to the terrain and the presence of bush remnants, the poisoned pigs found (n = 90) were often within 200 m of active bait stations. 1080-poisoned pigs included both adult (≥25 kg) and non-adult pigs of both sexes. Body mass of these pigs ranged from 4 to 90 kg. In all, 42% of poisoned adults found (n = 50) were 50 kg or more. There was minimal evidence of bait take by non-target species, and, where this occurred, it generally involved the consumption of the fermented wheat attractant by kangaroos (Macropus spp.) and foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Six foxes were known to have been poisoned with 1080-treated grain (4 with malted barley, 2 with wheat). Excluding foxes, no other non-target animals, including native species, were found dead during the intensive searches for poisoned pigs.

P3669Impact of the endocarditis team on management strategies and mortality: the Dutch experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Van Der Spoel ◽  
H Van Heusden ◽  
O Liesdek ◽  
E Boel ◽  
J Arends ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology ◽  
Dutch Experience

Abstract Background Infective endocarditis (IE) was associated with poor survival. In 2015, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) introduced the multidisciplinary IE team to improve diagnostics, treatment and outcome in patients with IE. Purpose This study evaluated the clinical implementation of the IE team in the Netherlands. Methods Retrospective cohort of all IE patients diagnosed between 2012–2016 in a tertiary single center. Clinical characteristics, data on imaging techniques, surgical procedures, IE-related complications and all-cause mortality were collected. Differences before and after installation of the IE team in 2015 were analyzed. Results Overall, 257 IE patients were included with a minimal follow-up of 1 year. No significant differences in baseline characteristics or imaging method were observed. The annual incidence of IE gradually increased over time from 36 cases in 2012 to 50 cases in 2016. This was caused by an increase in native IE cases. No difference in mortality was observed before and after 2015 (22% vs. 26%, P=0.43). After 2015, a reduction in hospitalization duration was observed (37 vs. 32 days; P=0.09) and median time to surgery had significantly decreased (18 vs. 8 days; P=0.01). Although an increase in congestive heart failure and valvulair abscess were observed a downtrend in acute renal failure (25% vs. 16%, P=0.08) was observed. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age, COPD, diminished LV function and surgery were important predictors for mortality but not the IE team. Conclusion(s) The introduction of a multidisciplinary IE team led to earlier surgical intervention and was associated with a reduction in hospital duration but not an important predictor for mortality. These results are important in view of designing novel clinical trials.

Oceanic and coastal populations of a harvested macroinvertebrate Rochia nilotica in north-western Australia are isolated and may be locally adapted

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Oliver Berry ◽  
Zoe Richards ◽  
Glenn Moore ◽  
Udhi Hernawan ◽  
Mike Travers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing ◽  
North Western

Marine macroinvertebrates support important fisheries throughout the Indo-Pacific, but stocks of species such as trochus (Rochia nilotica) are easily overharvested. In north-western Australia, trochus are taken from inshore reefs by Indigenous Australians and oceanic reefs by artisanal Indonesian fishers. The management of these environmentally distinct regions relies on understanding their spatial interdependencies, yet connectivity between them has not been evaluated empirically. Here, we used genotype-by-sequencing analysis of 514 trochus samples collected from 17 locations (15 in the inshore Kimberley, 2 offshore oceanic sites). Analysis of 5428 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism loci revealed significant genetic subdivision between the oceanic and coastal sites, and a subset of loci exhibited significantly higher subdivision, suggesting they are subject to directional selection. Population differentiation was also evident between the two oceanic sites, but not between coastal sites. Trochus populations from the coastal Kimberley and oceanic reefs represent two genetically and demographically independent units, with preliminary evidence for local adaptation to these distinctive environments. Management strategies for R. nilotica reflect these divisions, but the limited connectivity among oceanic populations indicates that they are vulnerable to overexploitation. Furthermore, their potential adaptive distinctiveness indicates that coastal stocks may be unsuitable for replenishing oceanic stocks.

Evaluation of bait stations for broadacre control of rabbits

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Tim J. Lowe ◽  
Gary R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Experimental Control ◽  
Agricultural Region ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Bait Stations ◽  
Free Ranging

The efficacy of bait stations (200-L drum cut in half longitudinally) for the broadacre control of rabbits was compared with that obtained with standard trail-baiting procedures in the southern agricultural region of Western Australia. Bait stations were tested with and without the provision of pre-feed. The bait used was 1.0% 1080 One-shot oats, and corresponding experimental control sites were treated with unpoisoned oats. On the basis of spotlight counts before and after baiting, the reduction in rabbit numbers obtained with bait stations in the absence of pre-feed was poor, with a mean reduction of only 27% within 14 days. These reductions did not improve appreciably where sites were monitored for a further 28 days (i.e. 42 days in total). In contrast, the provision of pre-feed for 21 days prior to adding the 1080 bait resulted in a mean reduction in rabbit numbers of 57% within 14 days after the poisoned bait was added. However, the greatest reductions in rabbit numbers were achieved with trail baiting, where, relative to pre-treatment counts, rabbit numbers were reduced by 72% at Day 7 and by 84% at Day 14. The oats used to manufacture the 1080 One-shot product are subjected to gamma-sterilisation to prevent the germination of the oats, and any associated seeds of weed species. When offered a choice (matched sets), there was no difference in the amount of non-toxic gamma-sterilised oats and unsterilised oats consumed by free-ranging wild rabbits. On the basis of the costs incurred during the trials, trail baiting was by far the cheapest option for the broadacre control of rabbits. However, the cost of using bait stations would be discounted to some degree once these stations are able to be reused. The cost of trail baiting to protect a 15-ha 'border' of crop was $157 and $113 for three and two parallel trails (6 kg km–1 trail–1), respectively.

Vitamin D status before and after bariatric surgery during 4 years of follow-up

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Fox ◽  
Akheel Syed
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Before And After

Melatih Kepemimpinan Perangkat Desa Kebonharjo Kulonprogo: Membangun Sikap Anti Korupsi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Adi Heryadi ◽  
Evianawati Evianawati
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Measuring Tool

This study aims to prove whether transformational leadership training is effective for building anti-corruption attitudes of villages in Kebonharjo village, subdistrict Samigaluh Kulonprogo. This research is an experimental research with one group pre and posttest design.Subject design is 17 people from village of 21 candidates registered. Measuring tool used in this research is the scale of anti-corruption perception made by the researcher referring to the 9 anti-corruption values with the value of reliability coefficient of 0.871. The module used as an intervention made by the researcher refers to the transformational leadership dimension (Bass, 1990). The data collected is analyzed by statistical analysis of different test Paired Sample Test. Initial data collection results obtained sign value of 0.770 which means> 0.05 or no significant difference between anti-corruption perception score between before and after training. After a period of less than 1 (one) month then conducted again the measurement of follow-up of the study subjects in the measurement again using the scale of anti-corruption perception. The results of the second data collection were analysed with Paired Samples Test and obtained the value of 0.623 sign meaning p> 0.05 or no significant difference between post test data with follow-up data so that the hypothesis of this study was rejected.

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

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