Age- and sex-dependent vigilance behaviour modifies social structure of hunted wild boar populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achiad Davidson ◽  
Uri Shanas ◽  
Dan Malkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Vigilance Behaviour ◽  
Age And Sex

From individual to collective vigilance in wild boar (Sus scrofa)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1632-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Quenette ◽  
Jean-François Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Motor Variability ◽  
Proximate Causation ◽  
Vigilance Behaviour ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Vigilance behaviour of captive wild boars at feeding points was investigated using films. Results show that individual vigilance decreased with increasing group size, especially between solitary individuals and groups of 2. Moreover, the collective vigilance was, whatever the group size, below the individual vigilance in solitary animals. The study of the motor variability of vigilance behaviour allows three types of movement to be distinguished. The mean durations of each type vary largely, but are almost constant whatever the group size. On the other hand, the relative proportions of the vigilance acts change according to group size. Although previous studies of vigilance are in keeping with the functional approach of behaviour, these data are interpreted in terms of proximate causation. A mechanism based on allelomimesis is proposed to explain the results.

Organochlorine Compound Residues in Muscle of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.): Effects of Age and Sex

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Maršálek ◽  
Lenka Zelníčková ◽  
Jitka Mikuláštíková ◽  
Zdeňka Svobodová ◽  
Zdeňka Hutařová
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Organochlorine Compound ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Effect of Age and Sex on the Quality of Offal and Meat of the Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ludwiczak ◽  
Joanna Składanowska-Baryza ◽  
Marek Stanisz
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Two Age Groups

The goal of the study was to examine the effect of age and sex on the quality of wild boar offal and meat. A number of 32 hunt-harvested animals was assigned to groups according to age (juveniles and sub-adults) and sex. The quality of offal (liver, kidneys, heart and tongue) and m. semimembranosus was examined. The pH value of m. semimembranosus ranged from 5.45 to 5.88. The highest pH was recorded in the kidney and the liver (6.32–6.54 and 6.12–6.31). The meat in the group of juveniles was brighter (p = 0.042), yellower (p = 0.039), showed a greater drip loss (p = 0.007), cooking loss (p = 0.039), and plasticity (p = 0.028), compared to the sub-adults. The extractable fat content in the m. semimembranosus and offal (p = 0.004), and water to crude protein ratio (p = 0.033), also differed between age groups. The results of the study show different quality attributes of offal and meat of wild boars from two age groups. The obtained quality measures suggest that the culinary and technological usefulness of offal and meat from the wild boars may differ according to the age of hunted animals.

scholarly journals Incidence and persistence of classical swine fever in free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa)

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROSSI ◽  
E. FROMONT ◽  
D. PONTIER ◽  
C. CRUCIÈRE ◽  
J. HARS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Free Ranging

Although veterinary authorities aim to limit persistence of classical swine fever (CSF) in wild boar (Sus scrofa), to avoid potential transmission to pigs, factors influencing CSF transmission and persistence are not clearly understood. Here we analyse incidence and persistence in a CSF epidemic that occurred in the French Vosges Forest. Higher incidence was found in large forests compared to smaller isolated ones, being highest near the starting point of the epidemic, but poorly related to the local density. We hypothesize that the spatial and social structure of wild boar populations may be responsible for this variability of incidence over space. Persistence was highest near the starting point of the epidemic and where initial density was highest. We hypothesize that persistence was favoured by the abundance of young wild boar, itself encouraged by CSF. Our results allow us to propose management measures aimed at limiting CSF persistence.

Age and Sex in the Social Structure of the United States

1942 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talcott Parsons
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals The individual effect of different production systems, age and sex on the chemical composition of wild boar meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Tesařová ◽  
František Ježek ◽  
Radka Hulánková ◽  
Radim Plhal ◽  
Jakub Drimaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age And Sex

Meat from wild boar (musculus teres major, n = 160) originating from two localities with different production systems was analysed. The contents of crude protein, pure protein, fat, collagen, dry matter and ash were determined in each sample. The effect of locality, age and sex on the chemical properties of the wild boar meat was studied with the use of statistical analysis. The values obtained for the chemical composition of the muscle tissue of the wild boar from localities A and B corresponded to the results obtained in other countries. The protein content fell within the range of 20.49–21.26% at locality A and 18.77–20.34% at locality B. The fat content fell within the wide range of 0.83–2.38% (0.83–1.67% at locality A and 1.51–2.38% at locality B). It is clear from the statistical evaluation that wild boar hunted in the enclosed locality had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) fat content and a lower content of crude (P < 0.05) and pure (P < 0.05) protein in comparison with wild boar from the unenclosed locality. A significant difference in the fat content was also demonstrated between localities in animals aged 0–12 months (P < 0.05), though only in females (P < 0.05) when younger animals (0–12 months) were divided by sex, and also in females aged 12–24 months (P < 0.05). The results confirm that the composition of wild boar meat in the Czech Republic is very variable and influenced by multiple factors.

Who owns a personal home page?

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Schütz ◽  
Franz Machilek
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Home Page ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Home Pages ◽  
Personal Home Pages ◽  
Age And Sex

Research on personal home pages is still rare. Many studies to date are exploratory, and the problem of drawing a sample that reflects the variety of existing home pages has not yet been solved. The present paper discusses sampling strategies and suggests a strategy based on the results retrieved by a search engine. This approach is used to draw a sample of 229 personal home pages that portray private identities. Findings on age and sex of the owners and elements characterizing the sites are reported.

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

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