Ecology of the western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville) (Marsupialia: Peramelidae) on Dorre and Bernier Islands, Western Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Short ◽  
J. D. Richards ◽  
Bruce Turner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Median Distance ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
System Body

Population structure, reproduction, condition, movements and habitat preference were assessed for western barred bandicoots (Perameles bougainville) on Dorre and Bernier Islands over seven trapping sessions between 1988 and 1995. Data comes from 372 captures of bandicoots in 2535 trap-nights (an average of 14·7 captures per 100 trap-nights). Trap success was 5.7–25.8% on Dorre and 5.7–7.6% on Bernier. Recaptures within a trip made up 29% of bandicoot captures. The overall sex ratio (excluding recaptures) was skewed heavily towards males at 1.7: 1 for trapped animals, but varied between male and female dominance at any time according to reproductive status of females. Sex ratio of pouch young was 1.2: 1. Production of young was concentrated in the wetter winter months. The smallest western barred bandicoot with pouch young weighed 175 g. Bandicoots showed a pattern of increasing litter size with size of mother. Females with young had an average litter size of 1.8, with young reaching independence at about 100 g body weight. Large testes size relative to body size in males suggested a promiscuous mating system. Body condition could be predicted by sex (females were typically in better condition than males) and by rainfall over the previous 2 months. Some sexual dimorphism was evident, with females having longer heads and typically being heavier than males. There was no detected dimorphism between island populations. Movements of bandicoots appeared limited, with the median distance moved by animals captured more than once within a 9–11-day trapping session being 154 m. There was no significant difference in movements between the sexes, with males moving a median distance of 160 m and females 138 m within trapping sessions. The greatest movement by a male was 1020 m while the greatest distance moved by a female was 490 m. Only 13% of recorded movements were greater than 400 m. Home ranges overlapped, with 51% of traps catching more than one individual and as many as five males being caught at the same trap site. Bandicoots were widely dispersed through all habitats surveyed. Bandicoots appeared to suffer a substantial reduction in numbers on Dorre Island in a prolonged drought extending from October 1986 to April 1989, reducing overall trap success to less than 6% in the 1988 survey.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF THE INDIGENOUS AND EXOTIC SOWS IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
O. A. Adebambo ◽  
A. E. Dettmers
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Large White ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Correlations

THE indigenous sow of Nigeria which is about half the size of the exotic large white, Landrace or crossbred pigs at maturity (60 vs 128-141kg) has an average milk yield of 75kg as compared to 130 148kg of the exotic breeds during an eight week lactation. Peak production was reached between the third and fifth weeks of lactation by the impor ted, while the native sow showed quite a slight peak but with greater persistency. For all geno types compared, milk yield was lower in the dry season (P< 0.05) than in the wet season (123 vs 134kg) and higher for sows (P < 0.05) than for gilts (135 vs 121kg). With an average litter size of 5-8 pigs, available milk per piglet was between 16kg in the Indigenous SOW and 28kg in the Landrace soWS (P < 0.05) and a significant difference (P < 0.05) in effi ciency of milk utilization by the piglets in the range of Crossbred, followed by the purebreds, the indigenous being the least efficient in relation to unit metabolic size Milk production did not differ among the genotypes. The high positive correlations (P < 0.05) between milk yield and body weight at farrow and the unit metablie size as well as between milk intake and litter size might serve as a useful tool in selection for the Nigerian Indigenous pigs as the higher body weight tend to be correlated to a higher milk yield and a correspondingly large litter size.

scholarly journals Effect of inbreeding on fertility traits in five dog breeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kania-Gierdziewicz ◽  
Sylwia Pałka
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Inbreeding Level ◽  
Fertility Traits

The aim of the study was to analyze retrospectively the influence of inbreeding on fertility traits in five dog breeds: German Shepherd dog (GSD), Golden (GR) and Labrador (LR) Retrievers, Beagle and the Tatra Shepherd dog (TSD). The data were 436 litters, with the total of 2560 puppies: 1307 males and 1206 females. The parents of the litters were 163 dogs and 228 bitches. For each litter the litter size, number of male and female puppies, sex ratio, and sex difference were calculated. The fixed effects of breed, of litter birth year and linear regression coefficients on litter and parents’ inbreeding were included in the linear model for litter traits. The correlations between litter traits and litter parents’ inbreeding were also estimated. The average litter size was 5.87 (± 2.53) for all breeds. GSD had the smallest average litter size differences in years and the lowest fluctuations of sex ratio with litter size. In other dog breeds those differences were much bigger. The difference between the number of male and female offspring in a litter depended on the breed. The lowest percentage of inbred parents was found for LR, and the highest for TSD. Mating non-inbred animals, in most cases also unrelated, was frequent in all breeds. The inbreeding level of parents had significant influence on the litter traits only for TSD. For the Beagles low, positive and significant correlation between the number of female offspring in a litter and the dam’s inbreeding level and the sex ratio below 0.5 suggests sex ratio disturbance. The correlation coefficients between litter inbreeding and litter size for majority of examined dog breeds were positive but not significant. The conclusion is that in Poland at first obligatory monitoring of the inbreeding level for all breeds should be applied.

Ecology of burrowing bettongs, Bettongia lesueur (Marsupialia: Potoroidae), on Dorre and Bernier Islands, Western Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Short ◽  
Bruce Turner
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Median Distance ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Reproduction Condition

Population structure, reproduction, condition, morphology, movements, habitat preference, and dynamics of the burrowing bettong were assessed on Dorre and Bernier Islands between 1988 and 1995. The data come from 982 captures of bettongs in 2661 trap-nights (an average of 37 captures per 100 trap-nights). Recaptures within a trip made up 39% of bettong captures. Bettongs were more abundant, as indexed by trap success, than were western barred bandicoots (the other species caught in considerable numbers on trapping grids). Sex ratio of bettongs (excluding recaptures) were skewed heavily towards males at 1.43: 1 despite approximate parity in pouch young. Production of young was concentrated in the wetter winter months and appeared to fall well below their theoretical capacity of 3 young per year. Bettong females were capable of producing young at 880–900 g (approximately 7–8 months of age) but incidence of females with pouch young or showing signs of recent lactation increased from 40% for females of 881–1000 g to 62% for females > 1000 g. The incidence of sub-adult bettongs in the population peaked in spring, but varied between years (range 0–14% of the population). There was an excess of males over females in the sub-adult population. Bettongs showed little sexual dimorphism but there were significant differences in morphology between the two island populations. Bettongs appeared to suffer substantial reductions in numbers in a prolonged drought extending from October 1986 to April 1989, reducing trap success for this species to 19% in the 1989 survey. Numbers grew strongly on both islands after the breaking of the drought in May 1989, showing an observed rate of increase of r = 0.75 on Dorre Island. Trap success had increased to 45% in September 1991. There was a high turnover of bettongs on trapping grids – 25–40% over 6 months to 80% over 3 years. Movements of bettongs appeared limited: the median distance moved by bettongs captured more than once within an 8-day trapping session was 160 m. Only 4% of recorded movements were greater than 1 km. There was no significant difference in movements between the sexes. Bettongs were widely dispersed in winter through the four habitats surveyed but tended to concentrate in dune and Triodia sandplain habitat in autumn and spring.

scholarly journals Intensive Breeding of Rats 1. Crossfostering

1968 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lane-Petter ◽  
Marjorie E. Lane-Petter ◽  
C. Wendy Bowtell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Intensive Breeding ◽  
Weight For Age

The sex ratio of CFE rats as born is approximately 1:1, but the demand is usually for many more males than females. Litter size as born is variable, with resulting variation in weight for age at weaning and subsequently. The average litter size born is lower than that which the dams are capable of rearing. By a system of crossfostering pups at about two days of age, and killing surplus female pups at this age, litter size may be standardized, the sex ratio of animals raised can be adjusted to the demand, and larger litters can be reared.

scholarly journals Freezing of rabbit semen after the addition of glycerol and dimethylsulfoxide in the extender

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SAMOUILIDIS (Σ. ΣΑΜΟΥΗΛΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
K. SAOULIDIS (Κ. ΣΑΟΥΛΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
A. FOUKOS (Α. ΦΟΥΚΟΣ) ◽  
P. YPSILANTIS (Π. ΥΨΗΛΑΝΤΗΣ) ◽  
A. DEMERTZIS (Α. ΔΕΜΕΡΤΖΗΣ) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Tris Buffer ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Group I ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Fresh Semen

In this study, semen from 10 rabbits was frozen after it was diluted in two different extenders, A and B. Extender A consisted of Tris-buffer in which 20% of egg yolk and 3% of glycerol were added, while extender Β had the same composition, plus 3% of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The semen of the buck exhibiting the best post-thaw motility in the two extenders, was used for the insemination of two corresponding groups (I and II) of 20 does each. The average sperm motility of fresh semen (77%) was significantly reduced (P<0.05) after it was frozen in the extender A (47%) and Β (54%). The post-thaw sperm motility in extender Β was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in extender A. The percentage of the animals that gave birth in group II (60%) was increased compared to that of the animals in group I (50%), but not significantly (P>0.05). Also, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed between the average litter size of group I (6,8±1,7) and group II (7,0±1,9). Thereafter, it is concluded that freezing rabbit semen in an extender that contains a combination of the cryoprotective agents glycerol and DMSO, in the proportion of 3% and 3%, respectively, results in a significant improvement of post-thaw sperm motility, while it doesn't affect significantly its fertility value neither the size of the litters.

scholarly journals Studies on the Sex-Ratio and Related Phenomena

1926 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
A. S. PARKES
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Average Size

(1) 1872 normal mice bred during November 1922-October 1925 had an average litter-size of 6.18, and a male percentage of 51.7 ± .77, both of which figures are lower than the corresponding ones found for 1921-2. (2) The annual variation in the sex-ratio is, however, not very appreciable, the figures for the four years running 54.2 ± 1.04, 50.4 ± 3.22, 52.2 ± 1.18, 51.4 ± 1.09. The average size of litter during these four periods ranged from 6.65 to 5.93. (3) Considerable seasonal variation in both fertility and sex-ratio occurred, the highest figures being fertility 6.46 and male percentage 55.9 ± 1.83 in the October-December quarter, and the lowest being fertility 5.82 and male percentage 48.2 ± 1.46 in the April-June period. (4) Litter-size appeared to be uncorrelated with any sort of definite variation in the sex-ratio. (5) Recent work on the mouse is discussed.

Some Population characteristics of Perameles gunnii in Victoria

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Dufty
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Juvenile Mortality

On the Australian mainland, the eastern barred bandicoot is now restricted to the city of Hamilton in western Victoria. Mark-recapture data from four main population areas, used in a Petersen index, gave a population estimate of about 134 individuals in 1988. When areas not sampled for population abundance were included, the total estimate of abundance for Hamilton was 246 individuals. Sex ratio was significantly male-biased for adults (68%), whereas the sex ratio for pouch young was about equal (45% male). The subadult age class constituted 8.2% of the captures, and accounted for only 10% of the total number of pouch young produced. Mean litter size was 2.11. The number of lactating females and the litter size were greatest during early spring. Eighty per cent of the offspring were produced in litters of 2 or 3. Nests were observed in various substrates, including man-made structures. Selected foraging areas had few native grasses, high ground cover, tall plant height and acid soils of low to medium compaction. Bandicoots were observed feeding on invertebrates, with some orchard fruits also being eaten. Foraging patches were actively defended. Adult home ranges of males (mean 12.94 ha) were larger than those of females (mean 2.38 ha). No female moved more than 150 m whereas males moved up to 2.3 km from their initial point of capture. The major cause of adult mortality observed was road kills. Life-expectancy is probably less than 2 years. Juvenile mortality was high.

scholarly journals Short-term storage of semen samples in acidic extender increases the proportion of females in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo-Jin Park ◽  
Dong-Ha Shin ◽  
Won-Ki Pang ◽  
Do-Yeal Ryu ◽  
Md Saidur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Functional Parameters ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Farrowing Rate

Abstract Background Sex preselection is a desired goal of the animal industry to improve production efficiency, depending on industry demand. In the porcine industry, there is a general preference for pork from female and surgically castrated male pigs. Therefore, the birth of more females than males in a litter leads to economic benefits and improved animal welfare in the pig production industry. Our previous study suggested that the porcine semen extender (BTS) adjusted to pH 6.2 maximises the differences in viability between X-chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and Y-chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without affecting sperm’s functional parameters. In this study we aimed to evaluate whether the pH 6.2 extender is applicable at the farm level for increasing the number of female piglets without a decline in spermatozoa fertility. Artificial insemination (AI) was carried out with spermatozoa stored at pH 6.2 and pH 7.2 (original BTS) at day 1 and day 2 of storage. Next, the functional parameters of the spermatozoa, litter size, farrowing rate, and female-to-male ratio of offspring were determined. Results Although sperm motility decreased significantly after 2 d of storage, the viability of spermatozoa was preserved at pH 6.2 for 3 d. There was no significant difference in the farrowing rate and average litter size between the group inseminated with the spermatozoa stored in (pH 7.2) and that inseminated with spermatozoa stored in acidic BTS. The percentage of female piglets was approximately 1.5-fold higher in sows inseminated on day 1 in the pH 6.2 than in the pH 7.2 group. Furthermore, although there was no significant difference in the female-to-male ratio, the percentage of female piglets born was slightly higher in the pH 6.2 group than in the pH 7.2 group on day 2. Conclusions The method optimised in our study is simple, economical, and may enhance the number of female births without any decline in spermatozoa fertility.

scholarly journals Breeding and production performance profile of Black Bengal goats in rural areas of Mymensingh in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
AFMF Islam ◽  
S Nahar ◽  
TSJ Tanni ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
AKFH Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Significant Distance ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The present study was conducted to know the breeding and performance profile of Black Bengal goat in 4 upazila (Mymensingh Sadar, Fulbaria, Trishal and Muktagacha) of Mymensingh district. The data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire from 100 goat rearers. The questionnaire included primary information about goat owners, total number of goats, color pattern, birth information, fate of male kids, weight of kids, breeding system and source of breeding males, breeding cost, litter size, kid mortality, some management parameters on goat and goat rearing system under rural condition. On an average, goat per family at Mymensingh district was found to be 3.56 ±1.77 where the percentage of does and bucks were 90.61% and 9.39% respectively. Most of the farmers were found not to keep male kid for bad odor and difficult management and hence castrate them. Almost all farmers depend on natural mating to serve their does by passing a significant distance. The average service charge was found BDT 70.90±1.77, which differs significantly (P< 0.05) among four upazilas. No significant difference was found in performance of goats among four upazilas. The average body weight at 3 and 6 months of age of female goats were 4.67 ± 0.15 and 7.12±0.14 kg respectively. The average litter size was found 1.76±0.75 and the average kid mortality rate was 12.88% in Mymensingh district. From this study, it became evident that acute shortage of Black Bengal breeding bucks exists in the rural areas which may represent the overall situation of the country.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 46-51

Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Zamboanga del Norte Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Ma. Dulce C. Guillena
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Somatic Index

Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce.  This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used.  Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively.   Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference.  Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases.  Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity.  The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.

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