Larger lizards live longer in the group-living Egernia stokesii

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Pearson ◽  
S. S. Godfrey ◽  
C. M. Bull ◽  
M. G. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Evolution Of Sociality ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Recent Attention ◽  
Egernia Stokesii

Animal space use has implications for gene flow, disease dynamics, mating systems and the evolution of sociality. Given recent attention to sociality in reptiles, lizards are an important group for expanding our understanding of animal space use. Lizard space use is commonly investigated within one population over a short period and limited attention has been given to potential predictors of site fidelity. This study evaluated site fidelity in three populations of group-living Egernia stokesii (gidgee skink) between two field surveys separated by almost a decade. Of 43 recaptured lizards, 28 (65%) occupied their original space, and 15 (36%) of those shared their space with the same other lizard or lizards in both surveys. This confirmed long-term site and social bond fidelity in E. stokesii. We found that larger lizards were more likely to be recaptured. Neither body size, individual genetic heterozygosity, nor the availability of refuges strongly predicted whether lizards were recaptured in the same or a different place. The reasons why some lizards stayed in the same space while others moved are yet to be resolved.

scholarly journals Family feud: permanent group splitting in a highly philopatric mammal, the killer whale (Orcinus orca)

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva H. Stredulinsky ◽  
Chris T. Darimont ◽  
Lance Barrett-Lennard ◽  
Graeme M. Ellis ◽  
John K. B. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Killer Whale ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Individual Fitness ◽  
Leadership Experience

Abstract For animals that tend to remain with their natal group rather than individually disperse, group sizes may become too large to benefit individual fitness. In such cases, group splitting (or fission) allows philopatric animals to form more optimal group sizes without sacrificing all familiar social relationships. Although permanent group splitting is observed in many mammals, it occurs relatively infrequently. Here, we use combined generalized modeling and machine learning approaches to provide a comprehensive examination of group splitting in a population of killer whales (Orcinus orca) that occurred over three decades. Fission occurred both along and across maternal lines, where animals dispersed in parallel with their closest maternal kin. Group splitting was more common: (1) in larger natal groups, (2) when the common maternal ancestor was no longer alive, and (3) among groups with greater substructuring. The death of a matriarch did not appear to immediately trigger splitting. Our data suggest intragroup competition for food, leadership experience and kinship are important factors that influence group splitting in this population. Our approach provides a foundation for future studies to examine the dynamics and consequences of matrilineal fission in killer whales and other taxa. Significance statement Group living among mammals often involves long-term social affiliation, strengthened by kinship and cooperative behaviours. As such, changes in group membership may have significant consequences for individuals’ fitness and a population’s genetic structure. Permanent group splitting is a complex and relatively rare phenomenon that has yet to be examined in detail in killer whales. In the context of a growing population, in which offspring of both sexes remain with their mothers for life, we provide the first in-depth examination of group splitting in killer whales, where splitting occurs both along and across maternal lines. We also undertake the first comprehensive assessment of how killer whale intragroup cohesion is influenced by both external and internal factors, including group structure, population and group demography, and resource abundance.

scholarly journals Management of a Mycotic Aneurysm in a Patient with COVID-19: A Case Report

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Muzammil H. Syed ◽  
Mark Wheatcroft ◽  
Danny Marcuzzi ◽  
Hooman Hennessey ◽  
Mohammad Qadura
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Stent Graft ◽  
Mycotic Aneurysm ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Endovascular Stent ◽  
Endovascular Stents ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Short Period

The aim of this paper is to share our experience in managing a patient with Klebsiella pneumoniae mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm who was also infected with COVID-19. A 69-year-old male was transferred to our hospital for the management of an infra-renal mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm. During his hospital course, the patient contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). He was intubated due to respiratory distress. Over a short period, his mycotic aneurysm increased in size from 2.5 cm to 3.9 cm. An emergency repair of his expanding aneurysm was achieved using our previously described protocol of coating endovascular stents with rifampin. The patient was managed with a rifampin-coated endovascular stent graft without any major complications. Postoperatively, the patient did not demonstrate any neurological deficits nor any vascular compromise. He remained afebrile during his postoperative course and was extubated sometime thereafter. He was then transferred to the ward for additional monitoring prior to his discharge to a rehab hospital while being on long-term antibiotics. During his hospital stay, he was monitored with serial ultrasounds to ensure the absence of abscess formation, aortic aneurysm growth or graft endoleak. At 6 weeks after stent graft placement, he underwent a CT scan, which showed a patent stent graft, with a residual sac size of 2.5 cm without any evidence of abscess or endoleak. Over a follow-up period of 180 days, the patient remained asymptomatic while remaining on long-term antibiotics. Thus, in patients whose surgical risk is prohibitive, endovascular stent grafts can be used as a bridge to definitive surgical management.

scholarly journals An unusually low density ultra-short period super-Earth and three mini-Neptunes around the old star TOI-561

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Lacedelli ◽  
L Malavolta ◽  
L Borsato ◽  
G Piotto ◽  
D Nardiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transit Time ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Planetary System ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Outer Planets ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Based on HARPS-N radial velocities (RVs) and TESS photometry, we present a full characterisation of the planetary system orbiting the late G dwarf After the identification of three transiting candidates by TESS, we discovered two additional external planets from RV analysis. RVs cannot confirm the outer TESS transiting candidate, which would also make the system dynamically unstable. We demonstrate that the two transits initially associated with this candidate are instead due to single transits of the two planets discovered using RVs. The four planets orbiting TOI-561 include an ultra-short period (USP) super-Earth (TOI-561 b) with period Pb = 0.45 d, mass Mb = 1.59 ± 0.36 M⊕ and radius Rb = 1.42 ± 0.07 R⊕, and three mini-Neptunes: TOI-561 c, with Pc = 10.78 d, Mc = 5.40 ± 0.98 M⊕, Rc = 2.88 ± 0.09 R⊕; TOI-561 d, with Pd = 25.6 d, Md = 11.9 ± 1.3 M⊕, Rd = 2.53 ± 0.13 R⊕; and TOI-561 e, with Pe = 77.2 d, Me = 16.0 ± 2.3 M⊕, Re = 2.67 ± 0.11 R⊕. Having a density of 3.0 ± 0.8 g cm−3, TOI-561 b is the lowest density USP planet known to date. Our N-body simulations confirm the stability of the system and predict a strong, anti-correlated, long-term transit time variation signal between planets d and e. The unusual density of the inner super-Earth and the dynamical interactions between the outer planets make TOI-561 an interesting follow-up target.

scholarly journals Heatwaves in Kenya 1987–2016: Facts from CHIRTS High Resolution Satellite Remotely Sensed and Station Blended Temperature Dataset

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Martial Amou ◽  
Amatus Gyilbag ◽  
Tsedale Demelash ◽  
Yinlong Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Tana River ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Data Source

As global temperatures continue to rise unabated, episodes of heat-related catastrophes across the world have intensified. In Kenya, heatwave phenomena and their associated impacts are ignored and neglected due to several reasons, including unreliable and inconsistent weather datasets and heatwave detection metrics. Based on CHIRTS satellite infrared estimates and station blended temperature, this study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of the heatwave events over Kenya during 1987–2016 using the Heatwave Magnitude Index daily (HWMId). The results showed that contrary to the absence of heatwave records in official national and international disaster database about Kenya, the country experienced heatwaves ranging from less severe (normal) to deadly (super-extreme) between 1987 and 2016. The most affected areas were located in the eastern parts of the country, especially in Garissa and Tana River, and in the west-northern side around the upper side of Turkana county. It was also found that the recent years’ heatwaves were more severe in magnitude, duration, and spatial extent. The highest magnitude of the heatwaves was recorded in 2015 (HWMId = 22.64) while the average over the reference period is around 6. CHIRTS and HWMId were able to reveal and capture most critical heatwave events over the study period. Therefore, they could be used respectively as data source and detection metrics, for heatwaves disaster emergency warning over short period as well as for long-term projection to provide insight for adaptation strategies.

The environment, security and regional cooperation in Central Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Tookey
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Recent Attention

Environmental challenges, resulting from either a scarcity of natural resources or environmental degradation, may contribute to security risks in Central Asia. An encouraging sign is the recent attention of the governments of Central Asia, civil society groups and international organizations to these environmental security issues. Their efforts indicate that by working together to prevent conflicts caused by environmental problems, cooperation among the countries of Central Asia may expand. Both short and long-term obstacles must be overcome if these groups are to ensure that environmental stresses do not lead to security concerns.

scholarly journals Long-term individual foraging site fidelity—why some gannets don't change their spots

Ecology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 3058-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewan D. Wakefield ◽  
Ian R. Cleasby ◽  
Stuart Bearhop ◽  
Thomas W. Bodey ◽  
Rachel D. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Foraging Site

Long-term efficacy of a short period of taping followed by an exercise program in a cohort of patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Paoloni ◽  
Giancarlo Fratocchi ◽  
Massimiliano Mangone ◽  
Massimiliano Murgia ◽  
Valter Santilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Program ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Short Period

scholarly journals Long-term development of short-period gravity waves in middle Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Offermann ◽  
J. Wintel ◽  
C. Kalicinsky ◽  
P. Knieling ◽  
R. Koppmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Middle Europe

scholarly journals TRENDS IN DATA WAREHOUSING TECHNIQUES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kunnathuvalappil Hariharan
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Long Term Trend

Financial data volumes are increasing, and this appears to be a long-term trend, implying that data managementdevelopment will be crucial over the next few decades. Because financial data is sometimes real-time data, itis constantly generated, resulting in a massive amount of financial data produced in a short period of time.The volume, diversity, and velocity of Big Financial Data are highlighting the significant limitations oftraditional Data Warehouses (DWs). Their rigid relational model, high scalability costs, and sometimesinefficient performance pave the way for new methods and technologies. The majority of the technologiesused in background processing and storage research were previously the subject of research in their earlystages. The Apache Foundation and Google are the two most important initiatives. For dealing with largefinancial data, three techniques outperform relational databases and traditional ETL processing: NoSQL andNewSQL storage, and MapReduce processing.

scholarly journals Change and Continuity in Vaping and Smoking by Young People: A Qualitative Case Study of a Friendship Group

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McKeganey ◽  
Marina Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Friendship Group ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Substantial Change

This paper explores as a case study the development of e-cigarette use and smoking within small friendship group (n=8) in Glasgow, Scotland. Interviewed twice at six months apart these 16/17 year olds reported substantial change in their use of and attitudes towards e-cigarettes and tobacco. At time 1 vaping generated much excitement and interest, with 6/8 having their own vape device. At time 2 only two young people still vaped, with the others no longer professing any interest in continued vaping. The two regular smokers, who had been smoking before they first vaped, now only vaped privately and to reduce their tobacco intake. This small case study illustrates plasticity in the use of electronic cigarettes; just as young people can initiate using these devices so too can they more away from their use- with such changes in actual use occurring within a relatively short period of time. These findings demonstrate more than anything else the volatility in young peoples’ substance use behaviour. If we are to better understand these behaviours we require both quantitative and qualitative research studies that are capable of both monitoring changes in individual and group behaviour over time but which are also able to elucidate the nuance of individual behaviour differentiating between long term, frequent, consistent use and more episodic, experimental and infrequent use by young people.

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