Comments on the Classification of the Orthopteran Family Tettigoniidae, With a Key to Subfamilies and Description of Two New Subfamilies.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
DCF Rentz
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Present Status ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Family

The present status of the classification of the family Tettigoniidae is discussed and a reclassification and an illustrated key to subfamilies are presented. Two new subfamilies are described: Apteropedetinae from the Andes of South America containing one genus (Apteropedetes, gen. nov.) and one species; Microtettigoniinae from southern Australia, containing one genus (Microtettigonia, gen. nov.) and two species (M. kangaroo, sp. nov., and M. tachys, sp. nov.).

Classification and distribution of Tabanidae (Diptera)

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 431 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Mackerras
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Primitive Groups ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Southern Regional

The old primary classification of the Tabanidae, based on the presence or absence of hind tibia1 spurs, has been replaced by one based primarily on the genitalia of both sexes, but supported by a significant, though not complete, correlation with external characters. The early stages, so far as known, support the new arrangement. The following subfamilies and tribes are recognized: Pangoniinae Scepsidinae Chrysopinae Tabaninue Pangoniini Bouvieromyiini Diachlorini Scionini Chrysopini Haematopotini Philolichini Rhinomyzini Tabanini Distribution of the family is world-wide, but can be divided into three main sections. More primitive groups are predominantly southern, occurring in some or all of South America, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, with occasional northern extensions, and, in one case (Pangoniini), an extensive Holarctic arc. More specialized groups show two patterns. Southern regional radiations have occurred in South America and Africa, with extensions respectively into the Nearctic and Oriental-Australasian regions. Northern radiation of Chrysopini,Haematopotini, and Tabanini has resulted in a radial distribution like that of the eutherian mammals.

Salvia misella (Lamiaceae)—A new record for Asia from the southern Western Ghats of India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 230 (3) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Sunojkumar P ◽  
Pradeep A K
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
New Record ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
Plant Families

The mint family, Lamiaceae is generally regarded as being one of the most highly derived plant families from the viewpoint of floral structures (Hedge 1992). The family is best known for their essential oils common to many members of the family and are a major source of culinary herbs. Within the subfamily Nepetoideae tribe Mentheae, the subtribe Salviineae includes 8 genera with about 954 species in the world (Harley et al. 2004). The genus Salvia L. (1753: 23) alone account for over 900 species in the subtribe and is the largest genera in Labiatae (Mabberley 2008). It is a tropical and subtropical genus mostly found in montane areas with the major diversity in Mediterranean, Central Asia, the highlands of Mexico and the Andes in South America (Rodrigues-Hahn et al. 1992).

scholarly journals PREPTOS, TAMPHANA AND AROTROS — A REVIEW

1895 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Harrison G. Dyar
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Zoological Society ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One

In the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1892, Mr. W. Schaus describes as new 180 species of “Bombycid” moths from Mexico and various parts of South America, with three “new genera.” Of these, one is located in the Lasiocampidæ and two in the Bombycidæ. All these generic descriptions are utterly inadequate, and the question should be raised seriously whether names founded on such descriptions should be recognized. We are accustomed to believe that the classification of Herrich-schaffer is still used by lepidopterists, at least in its fundamental features; but in these descriptions the word “vein” does not appear. The description of the Lasiocampid is the longest of the three, yet the author gives but eight characters by which to identify his genus. Five of these are common to nearly all the genera of the family; two others appear in several genera already well known, and the genus must be distinguished from the one hundred and forty odd genera of Lasiocampidæ already catalogued, by the female having an expanse of wing of 95 mm., and a short abdomen, “not extending beyond the secondaries!”

scholarly journals Brittle stars from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia: first ophiuroid articulated remains for the Mesozoic of South America

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Diana Fernández ◽  
Luciana Giachetti ◽  
Sabine Stöhr ◽  
Ben Thuy ◽  
Damián Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Family ◽  
Extinct Genus ◽  
A New Species

The first articulated remains of ophiuroids for the Mesozoic of South America are described from the Lower Cretaceous of Neuquén Basin, Argentina. The taxonomic analysis allows the assignment of the material described herein to the extinct genus Ophiopetra. The specimens belong to a new species, but considering the poor preservation, a new name is not introduced, as it would be based on an incomplete diagnosis. Certain characteristics (e.g., the diameter of the disc, the width/height ratio of the vertebrae) suggest that these ophiuroids are paedomorphic specimens. In light of the latest classification of the Ophiuroidea, and new insights on the spine articulation microstructure of Ophiopetra lithographica presented herein, a transfer of Ophiopetra to the family Ophionereididae within the order Amphilepidida is proposed. This material expands the palaeogeographic record of this genus, since it represents the first remains of Ophiopetra described in the Southern Hemisphere. It is also the first Cretaceous record of the genus worldwide.

scholarly journals Urticaceae-feeders from the family Tischeriidae: descriptions of two new species and new genus Paratischeria gen. nov.

Biologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas R. Stonis ◽  
Arūnas Diškus ◽  
Brigita Paulavičiūtė ◽  
Alex K. Monro
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species

We describe a  new genus Paratischeria Diškus & Stonis, gen. nov. and present the first observations of Urticaceae-feeding Tischeriidae species in South America and two new Urticaceaefeeding species (Paratischeria fasciata sp. nov. and P. ferruginea Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. from the Andes of Bolivia and Ecuador). Together with the  African P. urticicolella (Ghesquière) (comb. nov.) from Congo, they are attributed to the newly designated ferruginea species group.

Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

scholarly journals Extensive Phylogenetic Analysis of Piscine Orthoreovirus Genomic Sequences Shows the Robustness of Subgenotype Classification

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Marcos Godoy ◽  
Daniel A. Medina ◽  
Rudy Suarez ◽  
Sandro Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Genomic Segment ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Original Classification

Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) belongs to the family Reoviridae and has been described mainly in association with salmonid infections. The genome of PRV consists of about 23,600 bp, with 10 segments of double-stranded RNA, classified as small (S1 to S4), medium (M1, M2 and M3) and large (L1, L2 and L3); these range approximately from 1000 bp (segment S4) to 4000 bp (segment L1). How the genetic variation among PRV strains affects the virulence for salmonids is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular phylogeny of PRV based on an extensive sequence analysis of the S1 and M2 segments of PRV available in the GenBank database to date (May 2020). The analysis was extended to include new PRV sequences for S1 and M2 segments. In addition, subgenotype classifications were assigned to previously published unclassified sequences. It was concluded that the phylogenetic trees are consistent with the original classification using the PRV genomic segment S1, which differentiates PRV into two major genotypes, I and II, and each of these into two subgenotypes, designated as Ia and Ib, and IIa and IIb, respectively. Moreover, some clusters of country- and host-specific PRV subgenotypes were observed in the subset of sequences used. This work strengthens the subgenotype classification of PRV based on the S1 segment and can be used to enhance research on the virulence of PRV.

scholarly journals Dry and Wet Climate Periods over Eastern South America: Identification and Characterization through the SPEI Index

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Anita Drumond ◽  
Milica Stojanovic ◽  
Raquel Nieto ◽  
Luis Gimeno ◽  
Margarida L. R. Liberato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Moisture Analysis ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Wet Climate ◽  
Climate Events

A large part of the population and the economic activities of South America are located in eastern regions of the continent, where extreme climate events are a recurrent phenomenon. This study identifies and characterizes the dry and wet climate periods at domain-scale occurring over the eastern South America (ESA) during 1980–2018 through the multi-scalar Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). For this study, the spatial extent of ESA was defined according to a Lagrangian approach for moisture analysis. It consists of the major continental sink of the moisture transported from the South Atlantic Ocean throughout the year, comprising the Amazonia, central Brazil, and the southeastern continental areas. The SPEI for 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of accumulation was calculated using monthly precipitation and potential evapotranspiration time series averaged on ESA. The analysis of the climate periods followed two different approaches: classification of the monthly SPEI values as mild, moderate, severe, and extreme; the computation of the events and their respective parameters (duration, severity, intensity, and peak). The results indicate that wet periods prevailed in the 1990s and 2000s, while dry conditions predominated in the 2010s, when the longest and more severe dry events have been identified at the four scales.

scholarly journals Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-927
Author(s):  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Yu Quan ◽  
Cécile Gueidan ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Martin Grube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi ◽  
Stable Habitat

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.

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