scholarly journals Musical intervention enhances infants’ neural processing of temporal structure in music and speech

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (19) ◽  
pp. 5212-5217 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Christina Zhao ◽  
Patricia K. Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Structure Learning ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Young Infants

Individuals with music training in early childhood show enhanced processing of musical sounds, an effect that generalizes to speech processing. However, the conclusions drawn from previous studies are limited due to the possible confounds of predisposition and other factors affecting musicians and nonmusicians. We used a randomized design to test the effects of a laboratory-controlled music intervention on young infants’ neural processing of music and speech. Nine-month-old infants were randomly assigned to music (intervention) or play (control) activities for 12 sessions. The intervention targeted temporal structure learning using triple meter in music (e.g., waltz), which is difficult for infants, and it incorporated key characteristics of typical infant music classes to maximize learning (e.g., multimodal, social, and repetitive experiences). Controls had similar multimodal, social, repetitive play, but without music. Upon completion, infants’ neural processing of temporal structure was tested in both music (tones in triple meter) and speech (foreign syllable structure). Infants’ neural processing was quantified by the mismatch response (MMR) measured with a traditional oddball paradigm using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The intervention group exhibited significantly larger MMRs in response to music temporal structure violations in both auditory and prefrontal cortical regions. Identical results were obtained for temporal structure changes in speech. The intervention thus enhanced temporal structure processing not only in music, but also in speech, at 9 mo of age. We argue that the intervention enhanced infants’ ability to extract temporal structure information and to predict future events in time, a skill affecting both music and speech processing.

scholarly journals Language experience during the sensitive period narrows infants’ sensory speech encoding----music intervention reverse it

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Christina Zhao ◽  
Fernando Llanos ◽  
Bharath Chandrasekaran ◽  
Patricia K. Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Pitch Tracking ◽  
Speech Encoding ◽  
Sensory Encoding

The sensitive period for phonetic learning (6~12 months), evidenced by increases in native and declines in nonnative speech processing, represents an early milestone in language acquisition. We examined the extent that sensory encoding of speech is altered by experience during this period by testing two hypotheses: 1) early sensory encoding of nonnative speech declines as infants gain native-language experience, and 2) music intervention reverses this decline. We longitudinally measured the frequency-following response (FFR), a robust indicator of early sensory encoding along the auditory pathway, to a Mandarin lexical tone in 7- and 11-months-old monolingual English-learning infants. Infants received music intervention (music-intervention group) or no intervention (language-experience group) randomly between FFR recordings. The language-experience group exhibited the expected decline in FFR pitch-tracking accuracy to the Mandarin tone while the music-intervention group did not. Our results support both hypotheses and demonstrate that both language and music experience alter infants’ speech encoding.

TERAPI MUSIK DAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN PASIEN PREOPERASI

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wenny Savitri ◽  
Nani Fidayanti ◽  
Paulus Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
T Test ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Preoperative Anxiety ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels

Background: Surgery is one of medical interventions which can cause fear, anxiety, and stressed because of its effects toward the integrity of body and soul. Nurses have significant roles in any preoperative care which is helping patients to decrease preoperative anxiety by using complementary therapy. The use of music therapy as one of the complementary therapies is not common in Indonesia. Therefore, scientific studies to prove the role of this therapy to decrease the level of anxiety of pre-operative patients is needed. Objective: To investigate the effects of music therapy in reducing anxiety levels of preoperative patients. Methods: A quasy experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group was applied to 50 respondents from medical ward in Panembahan Senopati Hospital of Yogyakarta who met the inclusion criteria.Dara were then analyzed by using t-test statistical analysis. Results: The control group showed the increased value of anxiety level of0.8 without music intervention (t= - 1503, df = 24, p<.05), whereas the intervention group showed the decreased value of anxiety level of -5.52 (t=5.081, df=24, p<.05). Meanwhile the independent t-test results for both groups showed a significant difference between group (t= 3,373, df=48, p<.05). Conclusion: Music therapy has significant effect in reducing preoperative anxiety levels of patients. Keywords: anxiety, preoperative, music therapy

scholarly journals Developmental Trajectory of Audiovisual Speech Integration in Early Infancy. A Review of Studies Using the McGurk Paradigm

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Tomalski
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
First Year ◽  
Audiovisual Speech ◽  
Perceptual Development ◽  
Phonological Knowledge ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Age Related ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Apart from their remarkable phonological skills young infants prior to their first birthday show ability to match the mouth articulation they see with the speech sounds they hear. They are able to detect the audiovisual conflict of speech and to selectively attend to articulating mouth depending on audiovisual congruency. Early audiovisual speech processing is an important aspect of language development, related not only to phonological knowledge, but also to language production during subsequent years. Th is article reviews recent experimental work delineating the complex developmental trajectory of audiovisual mismatch detection. Th e central issue is the role of age-related changes in visual scanning of audiovisual speech and the corresponding changes in neural signatures of audiovisual speech processing in the second half of the first year of life. Th is phenomenon is discussed in the context of recent theories of perceptual development and existing data on the neural organisation of the infant ‘social brain’.

scholarly journals Group-based music intervention in Parkinson’s disease – findings from a mixed-methods study

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-544
Author(s):  
Petra Pohl ◽  
Ewa Wressle ◽  
Fredrik Lundin ◽  
Paul Enthoven ◽  
Nil Dizdar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Freezing Of Gait ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Post Intervention

Objective: To evaluate a group-based music intervention in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Design: Parallel group randomized controlled trial with qualitative triangulation. Setting: Neurorehabilitation in primary care. Subjects: Forty-six patients with Parkinson’s disease were randomized into intervention group ( n = 26), which received training with the music-based intervention, and control group ( n = 20) without training. Interventions: The intervention was delivered twice weekly for 12 weeks. Main measures: Primary outcome was Timed-Up-and-Go subtracting serial 7’s (dual-task ability). Secondary outcomes were cognition, balance, concerns about falling, freezing of gait, and quality of life. All outcomes were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention, and three months post-intervention. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with the intervention group and with the delivering physiotherapists. Results: No between-group differences were observed for dual-task ability. Between-group differences were observed for Falls Efficacy Scale (mean difference (MD) = 6.5 points; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.0 to 10.0, P = 0.001) and for Parkinson Disease Questionnaire-39 items (MD = 8.3; 95% CI = 2.7 to 13.8, P = 0.005) when compared to the control group post-intervention, but these were not maintained at three months post-intervention. Three themes were derived from the interviews: Expectations versus Results, Perspectives on Treatment Contents, and Key Factors for Success. Conclusion: Patient-reported outcomes and interviews suggest that the group-based music intervention adds value to mood, alertness, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The study does not support the efficacy in producing immediate or lasting gains in dual-tasking, cognition, balance, or freezing of gait.

scholarly journals Sequences of Intonation Units form a ~ 1 Hz rhythm

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Inbar ◽  
Eitan Grossman ◽  
Ayelet N. Landau
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Intonation Units ◽  
Speech Envelope

Abstract Studies of speech processing investigate the relationship between temporal structure in speech stimuli and neural activity. Despite clear evidence that the brain tracks speech at low frequencies (~ 1 Hz), it is not well understood what linguistic information gives rise to this rhythm. In this study, we harness linguistic theory to draw attention to Intonation Units (IUs), a fundamental prosodic unit of human language, and characterize their temporal structure as captured in the speech envelope, an acoustic representation relevant to the neural processing of speech. IUs are defined by a specific pattern of syllable delivery, together with resets in pitch and articulatory force. Linguistic studies of spontaneous speech indicate that this prosodic segmentation paces new information in language use across diverse languages. Therefore, IUs provide a universal structural cue for the cognitive dynamics of speech production and comprehension. We study the relation between IUs and periodicities in the speech envelope, applying methods from investigations of neural synchronization. Our sample includes recordings from every-day speech contexts of over 100 speakers and six languages. We find that sequences of IUs form a consistent low-frequency rhythm and constitute a significant periodic cue within the speech envelope. Our findings allow to predict that IUs are utilized by the neural system when tracking speech. The methods we introduce here facilitate testing this prediction in the future (i.e., with physiological data).

scholarly journals Music intervention affects the quality of life on Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyan Zuo ◽  
Fengting Zhu ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Hongyan Shuai ◽  
Xin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Review Question ◽  
Intervention Modality ◽  
The Impact

Review question / Objective: Inclusion criteria: population: 1) A randomized controlled study on the impact of music intervention on the QOL of patients with AD; 2) The participants in this study is patients with AD; 3) There is no significant difference among age, gender and education background in sorted groups before analysis which make these groups comparable; intervention: 1)Intervention Modality Music-based intervention; comparison: 1) All data were sorted into two groups: the music intervention group and the control group without any music intervention; outcome: 1) The indicators evaluated in the literature included the score of QOL-AD or WHOQOL-BERF scale, at least one of the two scales summarized in selected publications; language: 1) Only articles published in English and Chinese were considered. Exclusion criteria: 1) The participants were not diagnosed with AD; 2) Non-musical intervention;3) Non-RCTs; 4) No specific values for outcome variables; 5) Articles lacking original data; 6) Repeat published reports; 7) Full text could not be obtained.

Early Mobilization of Infants Intubated for Acute Respiratory Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Laura Ortmann ◽  
Anne Dey
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Arterial Catheter ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Unplanned Extubations ◽  
Historical Controls

Background Early mobility in the intensive care unit is being promoted as a way to improve outcomes but has not been studied in young infants. Objective To determine the safety of a holding intervention for infants intubated for respiratory failure. Methods Infants less than 6 months of age intubated for respiratory failure underwent a holding intervention in which a caretaker held the infant at least twice a day once the infant was medically stabilized. Rates of adverse events were compared with historical controls matched by age and Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 score. Vital signs before and during holding were recorded to assess for physiologic tolerance. Results Twenty-four infants with a total of 158 holding interventions were studied. Mean holding duration was 99 minutes. Twenty holding interventions were terminated early, most commonly because of agitation. The 24 historical controls had 1 unplanned extubation and 2 arterial catheter removals. The intervention group had no unplanned extubations, inadvertent central catheter removals, or urinary catheter removals and had 1 arterial catheter removal that was not associated with holding. Vital signs before and during holding were similar. There were no differences between the control and intervention groups in duration of intubation (7.3 vs 6.0 days, P = .98), length of intensive care unit stay (9.1 vs 9.0 days, P = .52), or length of hospital stay (11.5 vs 12.5 days, P = .28). Conclusions Holding intubated infants in the intensive care unit was well tolerated, without an increase in adverse events.

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