Origin and significance of Si and O isotope heterogeneities in Phanerozoic, Archean, and Hadean zircon

Hydrosphere interactions and alteration of the terrestrial crust likely played a critical role in shaping Earth’s surface, and in promoting prebiotic reactions leading to life, before 4.03 Ga (the Hadean Eon). The identity of aqueously altered material strongly depends on lithospheric cycling of abundant and water-soluble elements such as Si and O. However, direct constraints that define the character of Hadean sedimentary material are absent because samples from this earliest eon are limited to detrital zircons (ZrSiO4). Here we show that concurrent measurements of Si and O isotope ratios in Phanerozoic and detrital pre-3.0 Ga zircon constrain the composition of aqueously altered precursors incorporated into their source melts. Phanerozoic zircon from (S)edimentary-type rocks contain heterogeneous δ18O and δ30Si values consistent with assimilation of metapelitic material, distinct from the isotopic character of zircon from (I)gneous- and (A)norogenic-type rocks. The δ18O values of detrital Archean zircons are heterogeneous, although yield Si isotope compositions like mantle-derived zircon. Hadean crystals yield elevated δ18O values (vs. mantle zircon) and δ30Si values span almost the entire range observed for Phanerozoic samples. Coupled Si and O isotope data represent a constraint on Hadean weathering and sedimentary input into felsic melts including remelting of amphibolites possibly of basaltic origin, and fractional addition of chemical sediments, such as cherts and/or banded iron formations (BIFs) into source melts. That such sedimentary deposits were extensive enough to change the chemical signature of intracrustal melts suggests they may have been a suitable niche for (pre)biotic chemistry as early as 4.1 Ga.

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Iron and Carbon Isotope Constraints on the Formation Pathway of Iron-Rich Carbonates within the Dagushan Iron Formation, North China Craton

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11010094 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Xiaoxue Tong ◽

Kaarel Mänd ◽

Yuhao Li ◽

Lianchang Zhang ◽

Zidong Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Reduction ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Iron Formation ◽

Banded Iron Formations ◽

Organic C ◽

Formation Pathway ◽

Wide Range ◽

Dissimilatory Iron Reduction ◽

O Isotope ◽

Iron Formations

Banded iron formations (BIFs) are enigmatic chemical sedimentary rocks that chronicle the geochemical and microbial cycling of iron and carbon in the Precambrian. However, the formation pathways of Fe carbonate, namely siderite, remain disputed. Here, we provide photomicrographs, Fe, C and O isotope of siderite, and organic C isotope of the whole rock from the ~2.52 Ga Dagushan BIF in the Anshan area, China, to discuss the origin of siderite. There are small magnetite grains that occur as inclusions within siderite, suggesting a diagenetic origin of the siderite. Moreover, the siderites have a wide range of iron isotope compositions (δ56FeSd) from −0.180‰ to +0.463‰, and a relatively negative C isotope composition (δ13CSd = −6.20‰ to −1.57‰). These results are compatible with the reduction of an Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide precursor to dissolved Fe(II) through microbial dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) during early diagenesis. Partial reduction of the precursor and possible mixing with seawater Fe(II) could explain the presence of siderite with negative δ56Fe, while sustained reaction of residual Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide could have produced siderite with positive δ56Fe values. Bicarbonate derived from both DIR and seawater may have provided a C source for siderite formation. Our results suggest that microbial respiration played an important role in the formation of siderite in the late Archean Dagushan BIF.

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Microbial processes during deposition and diagenesis of Banded Iron Formations

PalZ ◽

10.1007/s12542-021-00598-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carolin L. Dreher ◽

Manuel Schad ◽

Leslie J. Robbins ◽

Kurt O. Konhauser ◽

Andreas Kappler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Reduction ◽

Iron Cycling ◽

Banded Iron Formations ◽

Geochemical Composition ◽

High Pressure And Temperature ◽

Microbial Life ◽

Reducing Bacteria ◽

Iron Formations ◽

Chemical Sediments

AbstractBanded Iron Formations (BIFs) are marine chemical sediments consisting of alternating iron (Fe)-rich and silica (Si)-rich bands which were deposited throughout much of the Precambrian era. BIFs represent important proxies for the geochemical composition of Precambrian seawater and provide evidence for early microbial life. Iron present in BIFs was likely precipitated in the form of Fe3+ (Fe(III)) minerals, such as ferrihydrite (Fe(OH)3), either through the metabolic activity of anoxygenic photoautotrophic Fe2+ (Fe(II))-oxidizing bacteria (photoferrotrophs), by microaerophilic bacteria, or by the oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) by O2 produced by early cyanobacteria. However, in addition to oxidized Fe-bearing minerals such as hematite (FeIII2O3), (partially) reduced minerals such as magnetite (FeIIFeIII2O4) and siderite (FeIICO3) are found in BIFs as well. The presence of reduced Fe in BIFs has been suggested to reflect the reduction of primary Fe(III) minerals by dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, or by metamorphic (high pressure and temperature) reactions occurring in presence of buried organic matter. Here, we present the current understanding of the role of Fe-metabolizing bacteria in the deposition of BIFs, as well as competing hypotheses that favor an abiotic model for BIF deposition. We also discuss the potential abiotic and microbial reduction of Fe(III) in BIFs after deposition. Further, we review the availability of essential nutrients (e.g. P and Ni) and their implications on early Earth biogeochemistry. Overall, the combined results of various ancient seawater analogue experiments aimed at assessing microbial iron cycling pathways, coupled with the analysis of the BIF rock record, point towards a strong biotic influence during BIF genesis.

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The Proterozoic Guanhães banded iron formations, Southeastern border of the São Francisco Craton, Brazil: evidence of detrital contamination

Geologia USP Série Científica ◽

10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v17-352 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 303 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Vitor Rodrigues Barrote ◽

Carlos Alberto Rosiere ◽

Vassily Khoury Rolim ◽

João Orestes Schneider Santos ◽

Neal Jesse Mcnaughton

Keyword(s):

Detrital Zircons ◽

Iron Formation ◽

Geochemical Data ◽

Banded Iron Formations ◽

Banded Iron Formation ◽

Zircon Age ◽

Shallow Marine ◽

Eu Anomaly ◽

Depositional Age ◽

Iron Formations

The Guanhães banded iron formation (BIF) bearing succession occurs as tectonic slices, juxtaposed to Archean TTG granite-gneissic basement rock, developed during the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Brasiliano collage. The succession has a maximum depositional age of ~2.18 Ga, from detrital zircons in quartzite, and consists of quartzites, schists, BIFs, gneiss and amphibolite, all metamorphosed under amphibolite facies conditions. The Guanhães BIF shows HREE enrichment and consistent positive Eu anomaly (PAAS-normalized REE+Y). Two types of contamination were observed in the samples. The first is contamination by an exotic detrital component, which resulted in low Y/Ho (<30) and Pr/Yb (SN) ratios. Evidence of such contamination, combined with inferred stratigraphic stacking data, indicates that the Guanhães BIFs were deposited on a shallow marine environment. The second type of contamination resulted in higher Eu-anomalies, positive Ce-anomalies, and higher REE+Y concentrations, possibly due to the interaction between later magmatic fluids and the Guanhães BIF. A strong Cambrian event is recorded in zircon age data. The uncontaminated samples display REE+Y distribution similar to other Precambrian BIFs, particularly those from the Morro-Escuro Sequence and the Serra da Serpentina Group, without true Ce-anomalies and Y/Ho close to seawater values (45). Geochronological and geochemical data presented in this paper strongly suggest a correlation between the Guanhães supracrustal succession and the Serra da Serpentina and Serra de São José Groups.

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Comparative Metabolite Profile, Biological Activity and Overall Quality of Three Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Asteraceae) Cultivars in Response to Sulfur Nutrition

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13050713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 713

Author(s):

Muna Ali Abdalla ◽

Fengjie Li ◽

Arlette Wenzel-Storjohann ◽

Saad Sulieman ◽

Deniz Tasdemir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Critical Role ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Metabolite Profile ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Radical Scavenger ◽

Higher Plant

The main objective of the present study was to assess the effects of sulfur (S) nutrition on plant growth, overall quality, secondary metabolites, and antibacterial and radical scavenging activities of hydroponically grown lettuce cultivars. Three lettuce cultivars, namely, Pazmanea RZ (green butterhead, V1), Hawking RZ (green multi-leaf lettuce, V2), and Barlach RZ (red multi-leaf, V3) were subjected to two S-treatments in the form of magnesium sulfate (+S) or magnesium chloride (−S). Significant differences were observed under −S treatments, especially among V1 and V2 lettuce cultivars. These responses were reflected in the yield, levels of macro- and micro-nutrients, water-soluble sugars, and free inorganic anions. In comparison with the green cultivars (V1 and V2), the red-V3 cultivar revealed a greater acclimation to S starvation, as evidenced by relative higher plant growth. In contrast, the green cultivars showed higher capabilities in production and superior quality attributes under +S condition. As for secondary metabolites, sixteen compounds (e.g., sesquiterpene lactones, caffeoyl derivatives, caffeic acid hexose, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-OCQA), quercetin and luteolin glucoside derivatives) were annotated in all three cultivars with the aid of HPLC-DAD-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. Sesquiterpene lactone lactucin and anthocyanin cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were only detected in V1 and V3 cultivars, respectively. Based on the analyses, the V3 cultivar was the most potent radical scavenger, while V1 and V2 cultivars exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in response to S provision. Our study emphasizes the critical role of S nutrition in plant growth, acclimation, and nutritional quality. The judicious-S application can be adopted as a promising antimicrobial prototype for medical applications.

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A non-toxic, reversibly released imaging probe for oral cancer that is derived from natural compounds

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93408-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Magda Ghanim ◽

Nicola Relitti ◽

Gavin McManus ◽

Stefania Butini ◽

Andrea Cappelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cancer ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Intraoperative Imaging ◽

Critical Role ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Stem Cell Marker ◽

Squamous Cells ◽

Tissue Identification ◽

Tumorigenic Potential ◽

The Impact

AbstractCD44 is emerging as an important receptor biomarker for various cancers. Amongst these is oral cancer, where surgical resection remains an essential mode of treatment. Unfortunately, surgery is frequently associated with permanent disfigurement, malnutrition, and functional comorbidities due to the difficultly of tumour removal. Optical imaging agents that can guide tumour tissue identification represent an attractive approach to minimising the impact of surgery. Here, we report the synthesis of a water-soluble fluorescent probe, namely HA-FA-HEG-OE (compound 1), that comprises components originating from natural sources: oleic acid, ferulic acid and hyaluronic acid. Compound 1 was found to be non-toxic, displayed aggregation induced emission and accumulated intracellularly in vesicles in SCC-9 oral squamous cells. The uptake of 1 was fully reversible over time. Internalization of compound 1 occurs through receptor mediated endocytosis; uniquely mediated through the CD44 receptor. Uptake is related to tumorigenic potential, with non-tumorigenic, dysplastic DOK cells and poorly tumorigenic MCF-7 cells showing only low intracellular levels and highlighting the critical role of endocytosis in cancer progression and metastasis. Together, the recognised importance of CD44 as a cancer stem cell marker in oral cancer, and the reversible, non-toxic nature of 1, makes it a promising agent for real time intraoperative imaging.

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Geochemical discrimination among different types of banded iron formations (BIFs): A comparative review

Ore Geology Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104244 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104244

Author(s):

Alijan Aftabi ◽

Habibeh Atapour ◽

Sadegh Mohseni ◽

Anita Babaki

Keyword(s):

Banded Iron Formations ◽

Comparative Review ◽

Different Types ◽

Iron Formations

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The Archaean and early Proterozoic banded iron formations of North China: their characteristics, geotectonic relations, chemistry and implications for crustal growth

Precambrian Research ◽

10.1016/0301-9268(90)90012-f ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 267-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Mingguo Zhai ◽

Brian F Windley

Keyword(s):

North China ◽

Crustal Growth ◽

Banded Iron Formations ◽

Early Proterozoic ◽

Iron Formations

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Silver-gold and polymetallic mineralization in the banded iron formations deposit in Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine

Precambrian Research ◽

10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 363 ◽

pp. 106326

Author(s):

Anatolyi Berezovsky ◽

Jadwiga Pieczonka ◽

Adam Piestrzynski

Keyword(s):

Banded Iron Formations ◽

Polymetallic Mineralization ◽

Iron Formations

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Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Differentiation of Human Atrial Fibroblasts into Myofibroblasts

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/6712585 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tangting Chen ◽

Miaoling Li ◽

Xuehui Fan ◽

Jun Cheng ◽

Liqun Wang

Keyword(s):

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Critical Role ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Collagen I ◽

Tanshinone Iia ◽

Ang Ii ◽

Induced Differentiation ◽

Fibroblast Migration ◽

Collagen Iii ◽

Sodium Tanshinone Iia Sulfonate

Differentiation of atrial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts plays a critical role in atrial fibrosis. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (DS-201), a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA, has been shown to have potent antifibrotic properties. However, the protective effects of DS-201 on angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced differentiation of atrial fibroblasts into myofibroblasts remain to be elucidated. In this study, human atrial fibroblasts were stimulated with Ang II in the presence or absence of DS-201. Then, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and collagen III expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the downstream signaling of TGF-β1, such as phosphorylation of Smad2/3, were also determined. The results demonstrated that DS-201 significantly prevented Ang II-induced human atrial fibroblast migration and decreased Ang II-induced α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III expression. Furthermore, increased production of ROS and expression of TGF-β1 stimulated by Ang II were also significantly inhibited by DS-201. Consistent with these results, DS-201 significantly inhibited Ang II-evoked Smad2/3 phosphorylation and periostin expression. These results and the experiments involving N-acetyl cysteine (antioxidant) and an anti-TGF-β1 antibody suggest that DS-201 prevent Ang II-induced differentiation of atrial fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, at least in part, through suppressing oxidative stress and inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1 signaling pathway. All of these data indicate the potential utility of DS-201 for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.

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