scholarly journals Parental divorce is not uniformly disruptive to children’s educational attainment

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (15) ◽  
pp. 7266-7271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie E. Brand ◽  
Ravaris Moore ◽  
Xi Song ◽  
Yu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
College Attendance ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Adjustment Difficulties ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parental Marital Status

Children whose parents divorce tend to have worse educational outcomes than children whose parents stay married. However, not all children respond identically to their parents divorcing. We focus on how the impact of parental divorce on children’s education varies by how likely or unlikely divorce was for those parents. We find a significant negative effect of parental divorce on educational attainment, particularly college attendance and completion, among children whose parents were unlikely to divorce. Families expecting marital stability, unprepared for disruption, may experience considerable adjustment difficulties when divorce occurs, leading to negative outcomes for children. By contrast, we find no effect of parental divorce among children whose parents were likely to divorce. Children of high-risk marriages, who face many social disadvantages over childhood irrespective of parental marital status, may anticipate or otherwise accommodate to the dissolution of their parents’ marriage. Our results suggest that family disruption does not uniformly disrupt children’s attainment.

Effect of education on migration decisions in Ghana: a rural-urban perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Amuakwa-Mensah ◽  
Louis Boakye-Yiadom ◽  
William Baah-Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Migration Decisions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of education on migration decisions focusing on rural and urban in-migrants by comparing the 2005/2006 and 2012/2013 rounds of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS5 and GLSS6). After correcting for selectivity bias, the authors observed that anticipated welfare gain and socio-economic variables such as sector of employment, sex, experience, age, educational level and marital status significantly affect an individual’s migration decision. Design/methodology/approach – The authors made use of Sjaastad’s (1962) human capital framework as a basis for examining the impact of education on migration. The migration decision equation was based on the Heckman two stage procedure. Findings – While educational attainment is observed to have a positive effect on migration decision in the period 2005/2006, the authors find a negative effect of educational attainment on migration decision in the period 2012/2013. The effect of educational attainment on migration decision in 2005/2006 for urban in-migrant is higher than the effect for rural in-migrant, with its significance varying for the different stages of educational attainment. In absolute terms, whereas the effect of secondary educational attainment on migration decisions for urban in-migrant is higher than that of rural in-migrant, the reverse holds for higher educational attainment during the period 2012/2013. Social implications – Based on the mixed effect of education on migration decision as evident from the study, policies to enhance the educational system in Ghana should be complemented with job creations in the entire country. Moreover, special attention should be given to the rural sector in such a way that the jobs to be created in the sector do not require skilled workers. With quality education and job creation, the welfare of individuals living in urban and rural areas will be enhanced. Originality/value – In spite of the importance of education in migration decisions, there is scanty literature on the rural-urban dimension. To the best of the author’s knowledge there is no literature in the Ghanaian context which examines the rural and urban perspective of the impact of education on migration with a much recent data. Further, the author consider how the determinants of migration decision have changed over time focusing on rural and urban perspectives.

scholarly journals The impact of poverty on educational outcomes for children

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
HB Ferguson ◽  
S Bovaird ◽  
MP Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Impact

Mathematics anxiety and cognition: an integrated neural network model

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-296
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Moustafa ◽  
Angela Porter ◽  
Ahmed M. Megreya
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Mathematics Anxiety ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMany students suffer from anxiety when performing numerical calculations. Mathematics anxiety is a condition that has a negative effect on educational outcomes and future employment prospects. While there are a multitude of behavioral studies on mathematics anxiety, its underlying cognitive and neural mechanism remain unclear. This article provides a systematic review of cognitive studies that investigated mathematics anxiety. As there are no prior neural network models of mathematics anxiety, this article discusses how previous neural network models of mathematical cognition could be adapted to simulate the neural and behavioral studies of mathematics anxiety. In other words, here we provide a novel integrative network theory on the links between mathematics anxiety, cognition, and brain substrates. This theoretical framework may explain the impact of mathematics anxiety on a range of cognitive and neuropsychological tests. Therefore, it could improve our understanding of the cognitive and neurological mechanisms underlying mathematics anxiety and also has important applications. Indeed, a better understanding of mathematics anxiety could inform more effective therapeutic techniques that in turn could lead to significant improvements in educational outcomes.

Home or Care? A Comparison of Educational Outcomes for Maltreated Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Cusworth ◽  
Louise Tracey ◽  
Helen Baldwin ◽  
Nina Biehal
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Teacher Assessments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Children In Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Care System ◽  
At Home

Abstract Previous research has highlighted the poor educational attainment of children in out-of-home care, until relatively recently seen as a potential failure of the care system itself. However, the relationship between care and education outcomes is complex. It is important to disentangle the impact of the care system from that of adverse circumstances leading to admission to care. In this study, educational outcomes for 68 children (aged 3–9 years) in foster-care due to concerns about abuse or neglect were compared to those for 166 children with current or past child welfare involvement living at home. Data from teacher assessments of communication and literacy, and a standardized measure of receptive vocabulary were analysed. Accounting for key differences between the two groups, there was little evidence that educational attainment of children in care was significantly worse than that of children living at home. The findings suggest that being in care is unlikely to be the direct cause of poor educational achievement amongst children in care relative to the wider population of children. The study has implications for the ways in which schools and other services, both across the UK and internationally, work with children in and on the margins of care.

Parental Divorce, Social Capital, and Postbaccalaurate Educational Attainment Among Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2806-2835
Author(s):  
Camron S. Devor ◽  
Susan D. Stewart ◽  
Cassandra Dorius
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Educational Expectations ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Professional Degree ◽  
Using Data

Educational attainment is lower among children with divorced parents than those with continuously married parents. Most research has focused on the educational outcomes of children and little research has examined the effect of parental divorce on educational attainment beyond a bachelor’s degree. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we investigated how parental divorce affects young adult postbaccalaureate educational attainment, measured by graduate/professional school enrollment and attainment of a graduate/professional degree. We also examined the role of social capital, measured by parental educational expectations. Parental divorce was negatively associated with enrolling in a graduate/professional program and obtaining a degree. Parental educational expectations were positively related to children’s postbaccalaureate educational attainment, but the expectations of divorced and continuously married parents were similar and did not explain the negative effect of parental divorce. More work is needed to investigate explanations for lower postbaccalaureate educational attainment among children of divorce.

scholarly journals Better to stay or go? A longitudinal study of mobility over the educational life course

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Sweet ◽  
Richard Harris ◽  
David Manley
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThere has been substantial discussion in the literature about where you grow up and if whether or not you experience social and spatial mobility during childhood has substantial bearing upon later life achievement (Pribesh and Downey, 1999; Gasper et al, 2010; Sharkey and Elwert, 2011). ObjectivesThis paper utilises data from the National Pupil Database (NPD) and a quantitative framework to explore the impact of residential mobility on educational outcomes. Many previous studies of neighbourhood mobility have used point in time measures when studying inequality, which means that an individual’s neighbourhood trajectory is overlooked. Data/MethodsWe follow a single cohort of pupils’ over an eleven year time period to analyse their mobility along with their individual characteristics to provide a clear understanding of who is moving and the impact this has on them in terms of educational attainment. We also use the index of multiple deprivation as a measure of neighbourhood wealth to determine to what extent children are able to ’trade up’ in terms of neighbourhood. FindingsOur findings show that moving home has a negative impact on educational attainment compared to those that stay in the same location throughout the educational life cycle. Those that ‘trade up’ in terms of quality of neighbourhood still do not achieve the same educational outcomes as their peers who live in a lower deprived neighbourhood throughout their schooling. ConclusionResidential mobility between deprived areas, as shown in this paper, has more of an impact than just being ‘stuck in place’. It is not purely a case of where you live determining your outcomes, but also how often you move home in childhood and adolescence.

The Cognitive Profiles of Maltreated Children in Care and Their Educational Needs: Supporting Good Outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Joanne DeGregorio ◽  
Sara McLean
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerabilities ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Children In Care ◽  
The Impact

Children in care, who have been maltreated, consistently demonstrate poorer educational outcomes than their peers. A number of reasons have been suggested for this such as a lack of stability and opportunities, as compared to their peers. One possible contributor to the poorer educational attainment of children in care is their underlying cognitive vulnerabilities. Cognitive deficits in maltreated children are thought to arise as a result of the impact of trauma on the developing brain. These cognitive deficits include difficulties with executive functioning. Executive functioning abilities include the ability to inhibit behaviour, plan ahead and switch from task to task and are critical for navigating the day to day requirements of educational settings. This article summarises what we know about the cognitive vulnerabilities of maltreated children in care and outlines the implications of these cognitive deficits for supporting maltreated children.

scholarly journals Divorce Risk Factors Across Finnish Marriage cohorts, 1954-1989

2005 ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
Juho Härkönen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Event History ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Divorce Risk

This paper examines whether there has been a change in the effects of three divorce risk factors, female educational attainment, cohabitation, and parity. Several theoretical reasons suggest such a change, but the existing evidence gives mixed results. First marriages of Finnish women married between 1954 and 1989 are analysed using data from the Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS), collected in 1989 and 1990. The results from the discrete-time event history models show that the effect of having children on marital stability has changed: the impact of having two children has become less evident, while the effect of having three children or more has increased. These trends hold after controlling for young children and premarital children. Some explanations for this shift are discussed.

scholarly journals Empirical Study on the Impact of Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance on Children's Educational Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
Gandan Xiao ◽  
Jianing Xing ◽  
Qing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Mathematics Performance ◽  
Rural Resident ◽  
Basic Medical Insurance ◽  
Channel Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cooperative Medical Scheme ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basic Medical

This paper employs data from the 2016 and 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to study the impact of participation in Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI) on children's educational outcomes by using the logit model, double selection Lasso model, and propensity score matching. It is found that participating in URRBMI has no significant effect on children's Chinese performance, but has a significant negative effect on children's mathematics performance. The negative effect is more obvious for children who participating in the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS). The paper also studies the channel effects of participation in URRBMI on children's educational outcomes trough two different ways. It is noticed that both channel effects are not significant, that is, participation in URRBMI neither improves children's health nor changes household education expenditures.

scholarly journals Pathways to Pain and Disability: the Impact of Early Social Deprivation and Educational Attainment in Newly Diagnosed Osteoarthritis Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroditi Kouraki ◽  
Tobias Bast ◽  
Eamonn Ferguson ◽  
Ana M. Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract BackgroundLinks between pain and cognitive function on one hand and pain and anxiety on the other have already been shown in other studies and there is biological evidence linking osteoarthritis to educational attainment. However, the inter-play of these factors and the role of key social (social deprivation) factors at the early disease stages are not understood. Therefore, we tested how social deprivation, education and anxiety, before diagnosis, affects the cognition, pain and independence (activities of daily living) relationship longitudinally after diagnosis of osteoarthritis. MethodsUsing data from waves 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (n = 1,240), we examined the impact of social deprivation, education and anxiety on the dynamic relationship between cognitive function, pain and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in a subsample of respondents reporting a diagnosis of osteoarthritis at wave 6, with cross-lagged panel models.ResultsSocial deprivation before diagnosis predicted poorer cognitive function and higher pain levels after diagnosis, and further predicted impairments in IALD at wave 7 through its negative effect on cognitive function at wave 6. Education before diagnosis was protective against impairments in daily living after diagnosis via better cognitive function and lower anxiety at wave 5.ConclusionWe show for the first time that social deprivation, before osteoarthritis diagnosis, predicts functional impairment in daily living, after diagnosis with this effect partly mediated by impaired cognitive function. We also show for the first time that, education before diagnosis was protective against impairments in daily living after diagnosis via better cognitive function and lower anxiety before diagnosis. Therefore, improving cognitive function and managing anxiety may dampen the impact of social deprivation and low educational attainment on poor health and help to promote independence in patients with osteoarthritis.

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