scholarly journals Supporting social hierarchy is associated with White police officers’ use of force

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (18) ◽  
pp. e2007693118
Author(s):  
Jillian K. Swencionis ◽  
Enrique R. Pouget ◽  
Phillip Atiba Goff
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Patrol Officers ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Black Officers ◽  
Force Relationship

Three studies translate social dominance theory to policing, testing the relationship between individual officers’ endorsement of social hierarchies and their tendency to use force against residents. This article demonstrates a link between officer psychological factors and force. Because police are empowered to use force to maintain social order, and because White officers hold a dominant racial identity, we hypothesized social dominance orientation (SDO) would relate to force positively for White officers. For Black officers, we hypothesized a weak relationship between SDO and force, if any. To test these predictions, we examined the relationships between SDO and force using negative binomial regression models stratified by officer race. In an eastern city, SDO relates to force incidents positively for White officers and negatively for Black officers. In a southern city, SDO relates to force positively for White officers, and not significantly for Black officers. Stratified by race and rank, a second eastern city shows a marginally significant, positive SDO/force relationship for White patrol officers, and no significant SDO/force relationship for Black patrol officers. Finally, testing our hypotheses on a dataset pooled across these cities revealed a positive SDO/force relationship among White officers, and no significant SDO/force relationship among Black officers. These findings are consistent with our hypotheses and suggest a need to examine the role that maintaining social hierarchies plays in police behaviors. Future research must continue to investigate these relationships, especially with larger samples of non-White officers, and information about officers’ patrol environments.

scholarly journals Tests of Social Dominance on Charitable Intent Towards Minorities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zacchaeus Bastion
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Antisocial Attitudes ◽  
The One

<p>This thesis investigates the hypothesis that the design of adverts for charitable causes may be unintentionally priming viewers in Social Dominance Orientation (SDO: Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, & Malle, 1994). Huang and Liu (2005) found evidence that presenting people with material that makes social hierarchies salient can temporarily increase a person's level of SDO. As many charities make differences in social hierarchy salient as part of their advertisement campaigns, it is possible that such advertisements may unintentionally prime the SDO of viewers. Given prior research that indicates that high SDO is correlated with antisocial attitudes (Sibley & Duckitt, 2010), such priming may be reducing the likelihood that viewers would donate towards the charitable cause. First, a pre-test was conducted to test the psychometric structure and reliability of the SDO7 (Ho, et al., in print) and the Counter Dominance Orientation measure (CDO: Pratto et al., 2012). Confirmatory factor analysis of each measure found a four-factor model of SDO and a two-factor model of CDO. Subsequently, 139 first-year students of psychology were used to test the previously-mentioned hypothesis. Participants were asked to critically evaluate one of two adverts for a student support service, with the one in the experimental condition being for a service for Māori and Pacifica students. The intent of this advert was to prime viewers on SDO. Afterwards, they engaged in a hypothetical public goods game where a portion of the money pool would go towards the service the advert was for. If the hypothesis was correct, participants who were primed on SDO would be less willing to contribute towards a cause that supported minorities, but the data did not support this. Implications and potential future research, both for the new measures and the hypothesis are explored.</p>

scholarly journals Tests of Social Dominance on Charitable Intent Towards Minorities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zacchaeus Bastion
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Antisocial Attitudes ◽  
The One

<p>This thesis investigates the hypothesis that the design of adverts for charitable causes may be unintentionally priming viewers in Social Dominance Orientation (SDO: Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth, & Malle, 1994). Huang and Liu (2005) found evidence that presenting people with material that makes social hierarchies salient can temporarily increase a person's level of SDO. As many charities make differences in social hierarchy salient as part of their advertisement campaigns, it is possible that such advertisements may unintentionally prime the SDO of viewers. Given prior research that indicates that high SDO is correlated with antisocial attitudes (Sibley & Duckitt, 2010), such priming may be reducing the likelihood that viewers would donate towards the charitable cause. First, a pre-test was conducted to test the psychometric structure and reliability of the SDO7 (Ho, et al., in print) and the Counter Dominance Orientation measure (CDO: Pratto et al., 2012). Confirmatory factor analysis of each measure found a four-factor model of SDO and a two-factor model of CDO. Subsequently, 139 first-year students of psychology were used to test the previously-mentioned hypothesis. Participants were asked to critically evaluate one of two adverts for a student support service, with the one in the experimental condition being for a service for Māori and Pacifica students. The intent of this advert was to prime viewers on SDO. Afterwards, they engaged in a hypothetical public goods game where a portion of the money pool would go towards the service the advert was for. If the hypothesis was correct, participants who were primed on SDO would be less willing to contribute towards a cause that supported minorities, but the data did not support this. Implications and potential future research, both for the new measures and the hypothesis are explored.</p>

Australian Attitudes Toward Asylum Seekers: Roles of Dehumanization and Social Dominance Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1641-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin S. Trounson ◽  
Christine Critchley ◽  
Jeffrey E. Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Australian Context

We employed a theoretical model of dehumanization to identify the factors influencing attitudes toward asylum seekers within an Australian context. Specifically, we hypothesized that Australians high in social dominance orientation (SDO) would be more likely than those low in SDO to dehumanize asylum seekers. Participants (N = 311) completed an online survey designed to assess SDO, their attitudes and emotions toward asylum seekers, and their tendency to engage in dehumanization. Results indicated that the model can be successfully applied to an Australian context and that dehumanization played a significant role in influencing our participants' attitudes toward asylum seekers. Findings are discussed in terms of future research as well as policy implications for Australian immigration issues.

scholarly journals The relationship between social dominance orientation and contextual performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-829
Author(s):  
HyunJun Lee ◽  
TaeYong Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Contextual Performance ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Working Adult ◽  
The Relationship

The purposes of this study were, first, to confirm the internal structure of social dominance orientation by using Korean working adult sample. Second is to investigate the effect of social dominance orientation on the employee’s contextual performance at the facet level, along with exploring the possible role of narcissistic self-concept(grandiosity) and interpersonal motive(dominance). Using the survey research method, data were collected from 411 employees who were working in a variety of organizations in Korea. The results of study showed that subdimensions of social dominance orientation(SDO-D, SDO-E) were significantly correlated with each other and SDO-E factor was negatively related with interpersonal facilitation. SDO-D factor was not significantly related with neither interpersonal facilitation nor job dedication. However, grandiosity and dominance fully mediated the relationship between SDO-D factor and both subdimensions of contextual performance. Based on these results, we discussed the implications of study, limitations, and the suggestions for future research.

Racial Differences in Resolving Conflicts: A Comparison between Black and White Police Officers

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Y. Sun ◽  
Brian K. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Predominantly Black ◽  
Black Neighborhoods ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Black Officers

This study examined the behavioral differences between Black and White police officers in handling interpersonal conflicts. Observational and survey data from the Project on Policing Neighborhoods and the 1990 census data were used. Actions taken by officers are examined along two behavioral dimensions: coercion and support. Findings show that Black officers are more coercive than their White counterparts in responding to conflicts. Black officers are also more likely than White officers to conduct supportive activities in predominantly Black neighborhoods, whereas they do not differ in initiating supportive actions in racially diverse communities. Situational characteristics play a strong role in determining police actions during conflict resolution. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.

Authoritarianism, Social Dominance, and Prejudice Among Junior Police Officers

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Gatto ◽  
Michaël Dambrun
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Social Projection ◽  
The Social

The aim of this study was to determine the respective impact of group socialization and social projection to explain prejudice among newly recruited police officers (N = 301). The first approach predicts that both right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO), two fundamental determinants of prejudice, should be driven by specific norms. The second approach predicts that the perceived norms of the reference group reflect the social projection of our own attitudes and norms. These two models were tested with structural equation modeling. Emphasizing the determinant role of social norms and social influence, the results provide stronger support for the group socialization model (GSM) than the social projection model (SPM).

Social Dominance Orientation Attenuates Stereotype Change in the Face of Disconfirming Information

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Tausch ◽  
Miles Hewstone
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Inconsistent Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Disconfirming Information

This study examined whether social dominance orientation (SDO) affects the malleability of group stereotypes in the face of disconfirmation. Data were collected at two time points: At Time 1, baseline stereotypes and SDO were assessed, and at Time 2, either moderately or extremely stereotype-inconsistent information was presented and stereotyping measures were repeated. Consistent with previous research, exposure to moderately inconsistent information resulted in greater stereotype change than exposure to extremely inconsistent information. As expected, SDO was negatively related to stereotype change, in particular after presentation of moderately inconsistent information. The judged typicality of the target exemplar mediated the effects of the manipulation but did not mediate the effects of SDO. Implications for future research and interventions to reduce stereotyping are discussed.

Social Dominance Orientation Predicts Opposition to Hierarchy-Attenuating Intergroup Apologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1651-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanishka Karunaratne ◽  
Simon M. Laham
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
International Study ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Total N ◽  
Negative Effect

People who value social hierarchy may resist giving intergroup apologies because such apologies may attenuate the very hierarchies that these people value. We tested this claim across four studies (total N = 541) by examining associations between social dominance orientation (SDO)—a measure of preference for social hierarchy—and support for intergroup apologies. We found that higher SDO scores, and specifically the antiegalitarianism subdimension (social dominance orientation–egalitarianism [SDO-E]), predicted less apology support among U.S. residents in both domestic (Study 1) and international (Study 2) contexts. In Study 3, we found that the effect generalizes to an Australian cultural context. In Study 4, we demonstrated that the negative effect of SDO-E can extend to third-party contexts and is only observed when apologizing would be hierarchy attenuating. These studies show that the desire to maintain social hierarchies is an important driver of opposition to hierarchy-attenuating intergroup apologies.

scholarly journals Social worldviews and social attitudes: Examining the psychological correlates for other-concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tosin Tunrayo Olonisakin ◽  
Sulaiman Olanrewaju Adebayo ◽  
Erhabor Sunday Idemudia
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Just World Beliefs ◽  
Just World ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The University

Social inequality or inequity is existent in every society. As such, most societies dedicate efforts to ensuring fairness and justice for all its members. The university environment constitutes a miniature society on its own and everyday broader realities of the larger society are equally applicable within the university.  The attitude that students hold with regards to social inequality could be a function of their worldviews which act as guiding principles for social conduct. In this study, the worldviews of self-transcendence and just-world beliefs were examined in relation to support for affirmative action and social dominance orientation among students. The study employed a survey approach with data collected through questionnaires from a sample of 331 (62.8% female) undergraduate students in a public university. The authors hypothesized that self-transcendence and just-world beliefs would be positively associated with support for affirmative action and negatively with social dominance orientation. Result of data analysis using structural equation modelling confirmed the hypotheses in this study. However, the relationship between just-world beliefs and social dominance orientation was not significant. Results were discussed for their implications for acceptance of social policies that try to bridge the gap between dominant and marginalised groups. The implication of findings for understanding and managing interaction between groups in an educational setting were emphasised. Recommendations were made regarding how policy makers can use knowledge of worldviews held by student in designing strategies geared towards acceptance of policies targeted at ensuring positive outcomes for members of disadvantaged groups. Suggestions for future research were given.

scholarly journals Blatant Dehumanization is Not Influenced by Dual Identity Labels: Evidence from the Canadian Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Carl Michael Galang ◽  
Michael Ku ◽  
Sukhvinder S. Obhi
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Intergroup Processes ◽  
Dual Identity ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Canadian Context

Blatant dehumanization has been shown to be prevalent in modern society. However, little work has explored the possible ways in which blatant dehumanization may be attenuated. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by exploring if activating a dual identity attenuates (or even erases) blatant dehumanization. To investigate these issues, Canadian participants completed the &ldquo;Ascent of Man&rdquo; scale, rating various groups in terms of their perceived evolutionary qualities. Half of our participants saw labels with the qualifier &ldquo;-Canadians&rdquo; attached, while the other half saw no such qualifier. Results showed that, regardless of whether the &ldquo;-Canadians&rdquo; label was provided, participants rated Filipinos, Christians, Arabs, Muslims, and Indigenous groups as significantly lower than Whites on the evolution scale. As such, provision of the additional group label &ldquo;-Canadians&rdquo; did not influence the manifestation of blatant dehumanization. We also found that ratings on the evolution scale significantly correlated with both Social Dominance Orientation and Empathic Concern levels, such that stronger adherence to current power structures and social hierarchies showed stronger blatant dehumanization, while those with a high pre-disposition for altruistic behaviours and emotions showed weaker blatant dehumanization. We discuss our results in the light of other research on blatant dehumanization and intergroup processes. &nbsp;

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document