scholarly journals Similarity in functional brain connectivity at rest predicts interpersonal closeness in the social network of an entire village

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (52) ◽  
pp. 33149-33160
Author(s):  
Ryan Hyon ◽  
Yoosik Youm ◽  
Junsol Kim ◽  
Jeanyung Chey ◽  
Seyul Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Interpersonal Closeness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Network Proximity ◽  
Latent Traits ◽  
External Stimuli

People often have the intuition that they are similar to their friends, yet evidence for homophily (being friends with similar others) based on self-reported personality is inconsistent. Functional connectomes—patterns of spontaneous synchronization across the brain—are stable within individuals and predict how people tend to think and behave. Thus, they may capture interindividual variability in latent traits that are particularly similar among friends but that might elude self-report. Here, we examined interpersonal similarity in functional connectivity at rest—that is, in the absence of external stimuli—and tested if functional connectome similarity is associated with proximity in a real-world social network. The social network of a remote village was reconstructed; a subset of residents underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging. Similarity in functional connectomes was positively related to social network proximity, particularly in the default mode network. Controlling for similarities in demographic and personality data (the Big Five personality traits) yielded similar results. Thus, functional connectomes may capture latent interpersonal similarities between friends that are not fully captured by commonly used demographic or personality measures. The localization of these results suggests how friends may be particularly similar to one another. Additionally, geographic proximity moderated the relationship between neural similarity and social network proximity, suggesting that such associations are particularly strong among people who live particularly close to one another. These findings suggest that social connectivity is reflected in signatures of brain functional connectivity, consistent with the common intuition that friends share similarities that go beyond, for example, demographic similarities.

Do Older Adults Have Social Lifestyles That Place Fewer Demands on Hearing?

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 697-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Wu ◽  
Ruth A. Bentler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
The Social

Background: Listening demand, or auditory lifestyle, is an important factor that needs to be considered when selecting a hearing aid and specific amplification features. Although elderly adults often report having fewer listening demands, auditory lifestyles of people in different age groups have not been objectively quantified and compared. Although it is assumed that the social lifestyles of older adults, e.g., retirement, place fewer demands on hearing, this assumption has not been examined empirically. Purpose: The purposes of the current study were to (1) objectively characterize and compare the auditory lifestyle of younger and older adults with hearing impairment and (2) examine the relationships between age, social lifestyle, and auditory lifestyle. Research Design: This is a nonexperimental study using a correlational design. Study Sample: Twenty-seven adults with bilateral hearing impairment aged 40–88 yr were recruited and served as subjects. Data Collection and Analysis: To objectively quantify auditory lifestyle, participants carried noise dosimeters to measure sound levels in their daily lives for 1 wk. To help interpret the dosimeter data, participants used paper-and-pencil journals to describe their listening activities and environments. The auditory lifestyle was also subjectively quantified by the Auditory Lifestyle and Demand Questionnaire (ALDQ). Three self-report inventories were used to characterize participants' social lifestyles: Social Network Index, Welin Activity Scale, and Social Convoy Questionnaire. Results: A total of 1,267 journal entries covering 2,032 hr of dosimeter recordings were obtained from participants for analyses. Although younger and older participants reported spending comparable time in a given category of listening event, the dosimeter-measured sound level was higher for younger listeners. For auditory lifestyle quantified by dosimeter, correlation analyses revealed that older age was associated with lower Social Network Index scores (smaller social networks) and fewer listening demands. Regression models further indicated that the Social Network Index score more accurately predicted listening demand than age. Finally, path analysis suggested that the effect of age on listening demand was mediated by the Social Network Index score. Self-report auditory lifestyle measured by the ALDQ was not associated with age and social lifestyle. Conclusions: The results indicate that older listeners tend to encounter quieter listening situations than younger listeners. The data are also consistent with the hypothesis that older adults have less active social lifestyles that place fewer demands on hearing. Therefore, the current study suggests the important role of social lifestyle in listening demand and the need to consider this factor in clinical management of hearing loss.

scholarly journals Brain Connectivity Tracks Effects of Chemotherapy Separately from Behavioral Measures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Kardan ◽  
Mary K. Askren ◽  
Misook Jung ◽  
Scott Peltier ◽  
Bratislav Misic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Cognitive Health

AbstractSeveral studies in cancer research have suggested that cognitive dysfunction following chemotherapy, referred to in lay terms as “chemobrain”, is a serious problem. At present, the changes in integrative brain function that underlie such dysfunction remains poorly understood. Recent developments in neuroimaging suggest that patterns of functional connectivity can provide a broadly applicable neuromarker of cognitive performance and other psychometric measures. The current study used multivariate analysis methods to identify patterns of disruption in resting state functional connectivity of the brain due to chemotherapy and the degree to which the disruptions can be linked to behavioral measures of distress and cognitive performance. Sixty two women (22 healthy control, 18 patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, and 22 treated without chemotherapy) were evaluated with neurocognitive measures followed by self-report questionnaires and open eyes resting-state fMRI scanning at three time points: diagnosis (M0, pre-adjuvant treatment), at least 1 month (M1), and 7 months (M7) after treatment. The results indicated deficits in cognitive health of breast cancer patients immediately after chemotherapy that improved over time. This psychological trajectory was paralleled by a disruption and later recovery of resting-state functional connectivity, mostly in the parietal and frontal brain regions. The functional connectivity alteration pattern seems to be a separable treatment symptom from the decreased cognitive health. More targeted support for patients should be developed to ameliorate these multi-faceted side effects of chemotherapy treatment on neural functioning and cognitive health.

scholarly journals Tuning in to others: Exploring relational and collective bonding in singing and non-singing groups over time

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiluned Pearce ◽  
Jacques Launay ◽  
Pádraig MacCarron ◽  
Robin I. M. Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Class Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Creative Writers ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cohesion Theory ◽  
Over Time

Although it has been shown that singing together encourages faster social bonding to a group compared with other activities, it is unknown whether this group-level “collective” bonding is associated with differences in the ties formed between individual singers and individuals engaging in other activities (“relational” bonding). Here we present self-report questionnaire data collected at three time points over the course of seven months from weekly singing and non-singing (creative writing and crafts) adult education classes. We compare the proportion of classmates with whom participants were connected and the social network structure between the singing and non-singing classes. Both singers and creative writers show a steeper increase over time in relational bonding measured by social network density and the proportion of their classmates that they could name, felt connected with, and talked to during class compared to crafters, but only the singers show rapid collective bonding to the class-group as a whole. Together, these findings indicate that the process of creating a unitary social group does not necessarily rely on the creation of personal relationships between its individual members. We discuss these findings in the light of social cohesion theory and social identity theory.

scholarly journals Neural and social correlates of attitudinal brokerage: using the complete social networks of two entire villages

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1944) ◽  
pp. 20202866
Author(s):  
Yoosik Youm ◽  
Junsol Kim ◽  
Seyul Kwak ◽  
Jeanyung Chey
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Brain

To avoid polarization and maintain small-worldness in society, people who act as attitudinal brokers are critical. These people maintain social ties with people who have dissimilar and even incompatible attitudes. Based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging ( n = 139) and the complete social networks from two Korean villages ( n = 1508), we investigated the individual-level neural capacity and social-level structural opportunity for attitudinal brokerage regarding gender role attitudes. First, using a connectome-based predictive model, we successfully identified the brain functional connectivity that predicts attitudinal diversity of respondents' social network members. Brain regions that contributed most to the prediction included mentalizing regions known to be recruited in reading and understanding others’ belief states. This result was corroborated by leave-one-out cross-validation, fivefold cross-validation and external validation where the brain connectivity identified in one village was used to predict the attitudinal diversity in another independent village. Second, the association between functional connectivity and attitudinal diversity of social network members was contingent on a specific position in a social network, namely, the structural brokerage position where people have ties with two people who are not otherwise connected.

scholarly journals Functional Alterations in Cerebellar Functional Connectivity in Anxiety Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Ji Lee ◽  
Xavier Guell ◽  
Nicholas A. Hubbard ◽  
Viviana Siless ◽  
Isabelle R. Frosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
And Gender

AbstractAdolescents with anxiety disorders exhibit excessive emotional and somatic arousal. Neuroimaging studies have shown abnormal cerebral cortical activation and connectivity in this patient population. The specific role of cerebellar output circuitry, specifically the dentate nuclei (DN), in adolescent anxiety disorders remains largely unexplored. Resting-state functional connectivity analyses have parcellated the DN, the major output nuclei of the cerebellum, into three functional territories (FTs) that include default-mode, salience-motor, and visual networks. The objective of this study was to understand whether FTs of the DN are implicated in adolescent anxiety disorders. Forty-one adolescents (mean age 15.19 ± 0.82, 26 females) with one or more anxiety disorders and 55 age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed resting-state fMRI scans and a self-report survey on anxiety symptoms. Seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses were performed using the FTs from DN parcellation. Brain connectivity metrics were then correlated with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) measures within each group. Adolescents with an anxiety disorder showed significant hyperconnectivity between salience-motor DN FT and cerebral cortical salience-motor regions compared to controls. Salience-motor FT connectivity with cerebral cortical sensorimotor regions was significantly correlated with STAI-trait scores in HC (R2 = 0.41). Here, we report DN functional connectivity differences in adolescents diagnosed with anxiety, as well as in HC with variable degrees of anxiety traits. These observations highlight the relevance of DN as a potential clinical and sub-clinical marker of anxiety.

scholarly journals Multiscale classification reveals a multivariate functional connectivity marker for borderline personality disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha M. Lahnakoski ◽  
Tobias Nolte ◽  
Alec Solway ◽  
Iris Vilares ◽  
Andreas Hula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity

BackgroundFunctional connectivity measures have garnered interest as possible biomarkers of psychiatric disorders including borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, small sample sizes and lack of within-study replications have led to divergent findings with no clear spatial foci. Therefore, we adopted an exploratory full-brain approach in the current study to evaluate which combinations of regions are most consistently predictive of BPD diagnosis.MethodsWe studied fMRI resting state functional connectivity in matched subsamples of 116 BPD and 72 control individuals defined by three grouping strategies: 1) referral diagnosis, 2) clinical diagnostic interview excluding patients no longer filling diagnostic criteria or controls scoring above threshold in a screening questionnaire and 3) self-reported symptom severity. We predicted BPD status using classifiers with repeated cross-validation based on multiscale functional connectivity within and between regions of interest (ROIs) covering the whole brain— global ROI-based network, seed-based ROI-connectivity, functional consistency and voxel-to-voxel connectivity within and between ROIs. Finally, we evaluated the generalizability of the classification in the left-out portion of non-matched data.ResultsFull-brain connectivity allowed successful classification (~70%) of BPD patients vs. control individuals in matched inner cross-validation. The classification remained significant when applied to unmatched out-of-sample data, but accuracies were lower (~61–70%) than in fully matched samples. The over-estimation of inner cross-validation accuracy was exacerbated by univariate regression of nuisance variables, particularly in smaller samples. Highest seed-based accuracies were in a similar range to global accuracies (~70–75%), but spatially more specific. In the seed-based classification, the regions implicated most often included midline, temporal and somatomotor regions. Highest accuracies were achieved with the clinical interview followed by referral diagnosis group definition. Self-report results remained at chance level. The accuracies were affected by an interaction of medications and global signal and univariate nuisance regression. Pairwise correlations, local consistencies and fine-scale connectivity matrices were not significantly predictive of BPD after multiple comparison corrections, but weak local effects coincided with the most discriminative ROIs in the classification. ConclusionsOur multivariate results indicate that complex global functional connectivity differences are moderately predictive of BPD despite heterogeneity of the patient population. However, univariate nuisance regression applied to full cross-validation dataset can cause inflation of accuracies compared with left-out test data.

scholarly journals Spontaneous cognitive processes and the behavioral validation of time-varying brain connectivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Kucyi ◽  
Arielle Tambini ◽  
Sepideh Sadaghiani ◽  
Shella Keilholz ◽  
Jessica R. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Network Dynamics ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
External Stimuli

In cognitive neuroscience, focus is commonly placed on associating brain function with changes in objectively measured external stimuli or with actively generated cognitive processes. In everyday life, however, many forms of cognitive processes are initiated spontaneously, without an individual’s active effort and without explicit manipulation of behavioral state. Recently, there has been increased emphasis, especially in functional neuroimaging research, on spontaneous correlated activity among spatially segregated brain regions (intrinsic functional connectivity) and, more specifically, on intraindividual fluctuations of such correlated activity on various time scales (time-varying functional connectivity). In this Perspective, we propose that certain subtypes of spontaneous cognitive processes are detectable in time-varying functional connectivity measurements. We define these subtypes of spontaneous cognitive processes and review evidence of their representations in time-varying functional connectivity from studies of attentional fluctuations, memory reactivation, and effects of baseline states on subsequent perception. Moreover, we describe how these studies are critical to validating the use of neuroimaging tools (e.g., fMRI) for assessing ongoing brain network dynamics. We conclude that continued investigation of the behavioral relevance of time-varying functional connectivity will be beneficial both in the development of comprehensive neural models of cognition, and in informing on best practices for studying brain network dynamics.

scholarly journals No evidence for a relationship between social closeness and similarity in resting-state functional brain connectivity in schoolchildren

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Beth McNabb ◽  
Laura Grace Burgess ◽  
Amy Fancourt ◽  
Nancy Mulligan ◽  
Lily FitzGibbon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

AbstractPrevious research suggests that the proximity of individuals in a social network predicts how similarly their brains respond to naturalistic stimuli. However, the relationship between social connectedness and brain connectivity in the absence of external stimuli has not been examined. To investigate whether neural homophily between friends exists at rest we collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 68 school-aged girls, along with social network information from all pupils in their year groups (total 5,066 social dyads). Participants were asked to rate the amount of time they voluntarily spent with each person in their year group, and directed social network matrices and community structure were then determined from these data. No statistically significant relationships between social distance, community homogeneity and similarity of global-level resting-state connectivity were observed. Nor were we able to predict social distance using a machine learning technique (i.e. elastic net regression based on the local-level similarities in resting-state whole-brain connectivity between participants). Although neural homophily between friends exists when viewing naturalistic stimuli, this finding did not extend to functional connectivity at rest in our population. Instead, resting-state connectivity may be less susceptible to the influences of a person’s social environment.

The social network

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
ALAN ROCKOFF
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
The Social

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

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