scholarly journals Community-based monitoring to facilitate water management by local institutions in Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (29) ◽  
pp. e2015177118 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Bernedo Del Carpio ◽  
Francisco Alpizar ◽  
Paul J. Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Community Monitoring

Water scarcity is a global problem that can be compounded by inefficient water management, including underinvestment in infrastructure, underpricing of water use, and underenforcement of user rules. Here, we explore whether these inefficiencies can be reduced in rural Costa Rica via an externally driven community monitoring program (i.e., a program initiated by an outside organization and run by citizens). The monitoring program aimed to reduce groundwater extraction from aquifers, as well as to improve water quality and user satisfaction, by supplying additional information about field conditions and additional scrutiny of user and management authority activities and by fostering citizen engagement in water management. Using a specially designed smartphone application (app) and WhatsApp, monitors could report weekly on the conditions of the water system, including service disruptions, water quality, leaks, and source contamination. The app automatically compiled the individual reports into a summary report, which was then made available to the community water management committees and water users. The program was randomly implemented in 80 of 161 communities that expressed an interest in participating. One year after the program started, we detect modest, albeit imprecisely estimated, effects of the program in the predicted directions: less groundwater extracted, better water quality, and more satisfied users. Although the estimated effects are imprecise, the monitoring program appears to be equally or more cost effective for reducing groundwater extraction than another program in the same region that encouraged households to adopt water-efficient technologies.

scholarly journals Analisis Fungsi dan Manajemen Kawasan Konservasi Darmaloka

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Andri Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Water System ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Supporting Materials

One effort to maintain forest fungtions from futher damage is to establish and maintain conservation areas, both micro dan macro. Darmaloka conservation area in Kuningan Regency is a micro conservation area to keep preserve by functioning and managing the area. This study aimed to : (1) studying the function of Darmaloka conservation area seen from the diversity of vegetation, wildlife and water management, (2) assessing the running Darmaloka conservation area management. The study was conducted in Darmaloka corsevation area, from July to October 2010. Materials and equipment used were sketch of the area location, measuring tools, calculators, stationery, and ather supporting materials and tools. Data were collected by direct observation such as vegetation, bird, fish and water system, as well as interviews. Method of data analysis applied analysis vegetation, inventory of bird, fish density and the dischage and water quality. The results showed, there were seven types in Darmaloka conservation area, but none of them were seedlings, saplings and poles. Species Binuang (Octomeles sumatrana) dominated Darmaloka conservation areas, and the stability classified as moderate. In this area, there were 5 (five) bird species categorized rare (endangered) to medium, sacred white-Kancra fish with 5 fisher/m2 in density, catfish, and quite a lot Beunteur fish. Water discharge was about 2,94 l/sec, and the quality was good (netral). Viewed from tradition, this region well managed and controlled, but viewed from modern management, this region not regarding properly yet. It could be seen from the absence of a clear plan regarding the management of the area. The management organization was also very simple and there werenot basic clear tasks and functions amongts organization units yet.

scholarly journals Cost-Effective and Eco-Friendly Methods for Lake Water- Purification

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Savita Dixit ◽  
Shlok Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Fishery Resource ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs

Lakes and reservoirs are very important property for people’s life, industrial activities and so on. They provide various benefits to us, such as securing water resources for drinking, agriculture and industrial use, fishery resource, flood control functions and ecosystem integrities. However, because of the closed nature of lakes’ water system, pollution tends to accumulate therein, once water is polluted, it is difficult to improve the water quality. In Addition, the situation is that a remarkable improving tendency of the water quality of lakes is not seen due to the increase of the pollutant load by the economic change and the increase of the Industrialization and population as well as the change in the lake environment. Bhopal city popularly known as the city of lakes, have more than eighteen water bodies. Out of eighteen water bodies, few are source of drinking water after preliminary treatment. Rest of the water bodies serves secondary purposes like irrigation, fisheries and recreational activities etc. These two lakes are Shahpura Lakeand Lower Lake. Shahpura Lake is situated in new Bhopal city where as Lower Lake is situated in old city. Both are eutrophic and sewage fed lake. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v16i0.12223          HYDRO Nepal  Journal of Water Energy and Environment Issue. 16, 2015, January Page: 40-43 Upload date: March 1, 2015 

scholarly journals Design methodology to determine water quality monitoring strategy of surface water treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Ross ◽  
Kim van Schagen ◽  
Luuk Rietveld
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
On Line

Abstract. Primary goal of a drinking water company is to produce safe drinking water fulfilling the quality standards defined by national and international guidelines. To ensure the produced drinking water meets the quality standards, sampling of the drinking water is carried out on a regular (almost daily) basis. It is the dilemma that the operator wishes to have a high probability of detecting a bias while minimizing his measuring effort. In this paper a seven step design methodology is described on how to come to an optimized water quality monitoring scheme. It was shown that the existing on-line monitoring program of a WTP could be optimized. Besides using soft-sensors as surrogate sensors for parameters currently not available on-line, they can also provide a cost effective alternative when used to determine multiple parameters required through one single instrument.

Deterioration in the Water Quality of Groundwater in Some Municipal Water Extraction Plants in Finland

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Pertti Lahermo ◽  
Jouko Parviainen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Groundwater Extraction ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
The 1960S

In this study the changes in the quality of groundwater are described on the basis of material collected at some groundwater extraction plants situated mainly in urban areas. The causes of the marked increase in the content of dissolved solids are evaluated from the 1960s onwards.

Leading the City of Baltimore into the 21st Century: Flexible Treatment Solutions and Integrated Raw Water Management

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Manuszak ◽  
M. MacPhee ◽  
S. Liskovich ◽  
L. Feldsher
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
The City

The City of Baltimore, Maryland is one of many US cities faced with challenges related to increasing potable water demands, diminishing fresh water supplies, and aging infrastructure. To address these challenges, the City recently undertook a $7M study to evaluate water supply and treatment alternatives and develop the conceptual design for a new 120 million gallon per day (MGD) water treatment plant. As part of this study, an innovative raw water management tool was constructed to help model source water availability and predicted water quality based on integration of a new and more challenging surface water supply. A rigorous decision-making approach was then used to screen and select appropriate treatment processes. Short-listed treatment strategies were demonstrated through a year-long pilot study, and process design criteria were collected in order to assess capital and operational costs for the full-scale plant. Ultimately the City chose a treatment scheme that includes low-pressure membrane filtration and post-filter GAC adsorption, allowing for consistent finished water quality irrespective of which raw water supply is being used. The conceptual design includes several progressive concepts, which will: 1) alleviate treatment limitations at the City's existing plants by providing additional pre-clarification facilities at the new plant; and 2) take advantage of site conditions to design and operate the submerged membrane system by gravity-induced siphon, saving the City significant capital and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs. Once completed, the new Fullerton Water Filtration Plant (WFP) will be the largest low-pressure membrane plant in North America, and the largest gravity-siphon design in the world.

Using Bayesian network models to incorporate uncertainty in the economic analysis of pollution abatement measures under the water framework directive

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Barton ◽  
T. Saloranta ◽  
T.H. Bakken ◽  
A. Lyche Solheim ◽  
J. Moe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bayesian Belief Networks ◽  
Probabilistic Interpretation ◽  
Belief Networks ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis

The evaluation of water bodies “at risk” of not achieving the Water Framework Directive's (WFD) goal of “good status” begs the question of how big a risk is acceptable before a programme of measures should be implemented. Documentation of expert judgement and statistical uncertainty in pollution budgets and water quality modelling, combined with Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian belief networks, make it possible to give a probabilistic interpretation of “at risk”. Combined with information on abatement costs, a cost-effective ranking of measures based on expected costs and effect can be undertaken. Combined with economic valuation of water quality, the definition of “disproportionate cost” of abatement measures compared to benefits of achieving “good status” can also be given a probabilistic interpretation. Explicit modelling of uncertainty helps visualize where research and consulting efforts are most critical for reducing uncertainty. Based on data from the Morsa catchment in South-Eastern Norway, this paper discusses the relative merits of using Bayesian belief networks when integrating biophysical modelling results in the benefit-cost analysis of derogations and cost-effectiveness ranking of abatement measures under the WFD.

Development of Dialog System Model for Eutrophication Control between Discharging River Basin and Receiving Water Body – Case Study of Lake Sagami (Japan)

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821-1824
Author(s):  
M. Suzuki ◽  
K. Chihara ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
H. Kawashima ◽  
S. Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Expert System ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Receiving Water

A computer program based on expert system software was developed and proposed as a prototype model for water management to control eutrophication problems in receiving water bodies (Suzuki etal., 1988). The system has several expert functions: 1. data input and estimation of pollution load generated and discharged in the river watershed; 2. estimation of pollution load run-off entering rivers; 3. estimation of water quality of receiving water bodies, such as lakes; and 4. assisting man-machine dialog operation. The program can be used with MS-DOS BASIC and assembler in a 16 bit personal computer. Five spread sheets are utilized in calculation and summation of the pollutant load, using multi-windows. Partial differential equations for an ecological model for simulation of self-purification in shallow rivers and simulation of seasonal variations of water quality in a lake were converted to computer programs and included in the expert system. The simulated results of water quality are shown on the monitor graphically. In this study, the expert system thus developed was used to estimate the present state of one typical polluted river basin. The river was the Katsura, which flows into Lake Sagami, a lake dammed for water supply. Data which had been actually measured were compared with the simulated water quality data, and good agreement was found. This type of expert system is expected to be useful for water management of a closed water body.

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