Is it a chief, main, major, primary, or principal concern?

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilin Liu
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Near Synonyms ◽  
Attributive Adjectives

Using the Corpus of Contemporary American English as the source data and employing a corpus-based behavioral profile (BP) approach, this study examines the internal semantic structure of a set of five near-synonyms (chief, main, major, primary, and principal).1 By focusing on their distributional patterns, especially the typical types of nouns that they each modify, the study has identified several important fine-grained semantic and usage differences among the five near-synonyms and produced a meaningful delineation of their internal semantic structure. Some of the findings of the study challenge several existing understandings of these adjectives’ meanings and usage patterns. Furthermore, the results of the study have affirmed (i) the theory and applicability of the BP approach for studying the semantic and usage patterns of synonyms in a set, and (ii) previous research findings about the co-occurrents of adjectives that best capture the essence of the semantics of adjectives, especially attributive adjectives.

Actually, Genuinely, Really, and Truly

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilin Liu ◽  
Maggie Espino
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
American English ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
The Common

Using the 400+ million-word Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) as data and a behavioral profile analysis approach, this study examines the semantic and usage differences among actually, genuinely, really, and truly, four near-synonymous adverbs notorious for their complex functional and syntactic usage patterns. In addition to examining the collocates of the adverbs (i.e. the common types of adjectives/verbs they each modify), the study also investigated the positions the adverbs typically occupy in the sentence structure and their functional implications. The data analysis yields an informative delineation of the internal semantic structure of the synonym set, which includes some interesting new findings compared with existing descriptions of the adverbs. The results also show the need for the BP approach to go beyond collocational analysis in the study of synonymous adverbs. Finally, the study also demonstrates the viability of a corpus-based BP approach in the study of synonymous adverbs.

Personality traits, adjectives and gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-50
Author(s):  
Heiko Motschenbacher ◽  
Eka Roivainen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
American English ◽  
Psychological Analysis ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Google Books ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
The Relationship

There have been linguistic studies on the gendering mechanisms of adjectives and psychological studies on the relationship between personality traits and gender, but the two fields have never entered into a dialogue on these issues. This article seeks to address this gap by presenting an interdisciplinary study that explores the gendering mechanisms associated with personality traits and personality trait-denoting adjectives. The findings of earlier work in this area and basic gendering mechanisms relevant to adjectives and personality traits are outlined. This is followed by a linguistic and a psychological analysis of the usage patterns of a set of personality trait adjectives. The linguistic section draws on corpus linguistics to explore the distribution of these adjectives with female, male and gender-neutral personal nouns in the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The psychological analysis relates the usage frequencies of personality trait adjectives with the nouns man, woman and person in the Google Books corpus to desirability ratings of the adjectives.

Ananke

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Dimitris Palyvos-Giannas ◽  
Bastian Havers ◽  
Marina Papatriantafilou ◽  
Vincenzo Gulisano
Keyword(s):  
Bipartite Graph ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Parallel Analysis ◽  
Data Streaming ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Provenance Data ◽  
Source Data

Data streaming enables online monitoring of large and continuous event streams in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). In such scenarios, fine-grained backward provenance tools can connect streaming query results to the source data producing them, allowing analysts to study the dependency/causality of CPS events. While CPS monitoring commonly produces many events, backward provenance does not help prioritize event inspection since it does not specify if an event's provenance could still contribute to future results. To cover this gap, we introduce Ananke , a framework to extend any fine-grained backward provenance tool and deliver a live bipartite graph of fine-grained forward provenance. With Ananke , analysts can prioritize the analysis of provenance data based on whether such data is still potentially being processed by the monitoring queries. We prove our solution is correct, discuss multiple implementations, including one leveraging streaming APIs for parallel analysis, and show Ananke results in small overheads, close to those of existing tools for fine-grained backward provenance.

Influence of Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM) on Brand Credibility and Egyptian Consumers' Purchase Intentions

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basma El-Sayed El-Baz ◽  
Reham Ibrahim Elseidi ◽  
Aisha Moustafa El-Maniaway
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Electronic Word Of Mouth ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Brand Credibility ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Source Of Information

Electronic communication has become an essential part of consumers' everyday lives. Consumers rely on the internet as an alternative source of information pertaining to brands that can be accessed easily. As a result, electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) has become a force to be reckoned with that needs to be understood in order to be properly managed. This research investigates how the credibility of the brand as a source of information might be influenced by consumers' engagement in e-WOM and whether this influence subsequently reflects on their purchase intentions. The research findings indicate that indeed there is a relationship between e-WOM and brand credibility that reflects both directly and indirectly on the consumer's purchase intentions. Based on this, several recommendations are developed to help managers navigate their online presence in a way that specifically suits their consumers' internet usage patterns, in order to effectively manage available e-WOM on their brands.

scholarly journals Semantic Modulation of the English Verbs of Leaving in Terms of the Space of Sets (On the Example of the Verbs Leave, Depart)

2020 ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
A.S. Dautova
Keyword(s):  
American English ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Surrounding World ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Linguistic Reality

The article presents the experience of studying the semantic structure of the English verbs with the meaning of leaving. The author focuses on the problem of modulating the meaning of the English verbs “leave”, “depart” and their transition into another lexical and semantic group. The urgency of the study lies in addressing the category of space as one of the basic linguistic forms of conceptualization and interpretation of extra-linguistic reality, which man operates in the process of cognition, interpretation of the surrounding world. The problem of research is solved by describing the modulation of meaning in terms of the concept of space of sets, as one of the factors contributing to the change of meaning. The verification of the research hypothesis is based on the analysis of lexicographical data sources of the British National Corpus and the Corpus of Modern American English.

Saliency-based Rhythmic Coordination of Perceptual Predictions

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoli Huang ◽  
Huan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Behavioral Profile ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Attentional Process ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
Processing Resources ◽  
Rhythmic Coordination ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Levels

Objects, shown explicitly or held in mind internally, compete for limited processing resources. Recent studies have demonstrated that attention samples locations and objects rhythmically. Interestingly, periodic sampling not only operates over objects in the same scene but also occurs for multiple perceptual predictions that are held in attention for incoming inputs. However, how the brain coordinates perceptual predictions that are endowed with different levels of bottom–up saliency information remains unclear. To address the issue, we used a fine-grained behavioral measurement to investigate the temporal dynamics of processing of high- and low-salient visual stimuli, which have equal possibility to occur within experimental blocks. We demonstrate that perceptual predictions associated with different levels of saliency are organized via a theta-band rhythmic course and are optimally processed in different phases within each theta-band cycle. Meanwhile, when the high- and low-salient stimuli are presented in separate blocks and thus not competing with each other, the periodic behavioral profile is no longer present. In summary, our findings suggest that attention samples and coordinates multiple perceptual predictions through a theta-band rhythm according to their relative saliency. Our results, in combination with previous studies, advocate the rhythmic nature of attentional process.

Rational Compounds of Low-Strength Concrete with Improved Coefficient of Efficiency of Cement Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Andriy M. Netesa ◽  
Nykolay I. Netesa ◽  
Anatoliy Valentinovitch Radkevich ◽  
Sergiy O. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Concrete Mixture ◽  
Unit Mass ◽  
Mathematical Planning ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Low Strength Concrete

The purpose of the research findings, given in article, is aimed to determine the rational compounds of concrete with an average cubic compressive strength less than 20 MPa with minimum required expenditures of cement. To reach the goal, mathematical planning of the experiment was used with variability of cement consumption from 90 to 190 kg / m3 in the compositions of the concrete mixture, and for the fine-grained filler from tails of processed ores, the consumption was like at 100 to 400 kg / m3. The result of processing experiments has shown us the dependences of the change in strength and coefficient of efficiency of the use of cement of the factors involved. Optimized values increase most intensively with minimum cement consumption and a change in the consumption of fine filler within the limits of the study. The highest coefficient of efficiency of use of cement is expressed by the ratio of the achieved strength per unit mass of used cement in the concrete mix and it was obtained at a cement consumption of 90 kg / m3 and a filler of 400 kg / m3. Using the obtained dependences of optimized values on the factors under study, the composition of concrete may be predicted with a strength up to 20 MPa with the required amount of filler.

Forestry and Black-tailed Deer: Conflicts, Crises, or Cooperation

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Bunnell
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Old Growth Forests ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
Initial Research

Prior to 1970, research on the relationships between black-tailed deer and forestry practices was largely restricted to areas of low snowfall. Findings suggested that deer populations responded positively to the increased forage generated by timber harvesting practices, and forestry was assumed to be beneficial to black-tailed deer. The first research in areas of high snowfall obtained contrary results; in fact, old-growth forests were found to be valuable habitats for deer. Subsequent research documented that there were four major reasons why old-growth forests provided ideal winter habitat: reduced costs of locomotion in snow, lower rates of food burial, provision of arboreal lichen, and a more heterogeneous, fine-grained environment. Initial research findings encouraged harvesting guidelines that temporarily reserved tracts of old growth as winter ranges. The guidelines were enacted while research, would eventually suggest alternative approaches, continued to examine functional relationships. Current solutions to the conflict include intensive, specific silvicultural practices to mimic old-growth features in managed stands. Review of the conflict provides several lessons of broader applicability.

scholarly journals Recycling of Waste Plastic into Fine-Grained Concrete Without Strength Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 915 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
M Chekanovich ◽  
S Romanenko ◽  
Ya Andriievska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The problem of recycling plastic waste is quite acute both in Ukraine and for most countries of the world. The use of plastic processing products can be considered an urgent problem of society from the point of view of environmental protection and environmental safety. Today, developments are underway in the field of using polymers in one of the largest sectors of production – the construction industry. In recent years, the scientific community has been actively studying the issue of using plastic waste in the manufacture of reinforced concrete structures, that is, partial replacement of the filler with plastic particles. At the same time, in the short term, sufficient resources of plastic waste will be provided, which will come in value for collection and recycling. The use of plastic in concrete production technology will not only reduce the negative impact of waste on the environment, but also develop concrete of more sustainable quality and lower cost. The aim of the study is determining the amount of plastic waste that can be utilized through introducing it into concrete mix without reducing the strength of the concrete. Here we have considered the issue of the impact of the degree of plastic grinding on concrete strength. The research findings show that the introduction of plastic in an amount up to 3.5% of the volume of concrete as a substitute for the aggregate does not reduce its compressive or flexural strength.

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