Technology-mediated task-based interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-276
Author(s):  
Nicole Ziegler ◽  
Huy Phung
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Adult Learners ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Text Chat ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Holistic Perspective ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Interactional Features

Abstract This exploratory study examines the extent to which mode differentially impacts the quantity and quality of interactional features in second language (L2) task-based interaction. Following a within-subject, repeated measures design, intermediate adult learners (n = 20) completed four (counter-balanced) tasks with a confederate interlocutor in the following conditions: audio-chat, video-chat, text-chat, and multimodal chat (in which participants could interact using more than one form of communication). Quantitative analyses examined the quality of learners’ interactions, including negotiation, recasts, and LREs. Data regarding learners’ perceptions of type of technology were also collected to provide a more holistic perspective. The results demonstrate differences in terms of interactional features and learners’ preference based on mode of technology.

Evaluation of an Interdisciplinary Training Program in Palliative Care: Addressing the Needs of Rural and Northern Communities

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Kristjanson ◽  
Deborah Dudgeon ◽  
Fred Nelson ◽  
Paul Henteleff ◽  
Lynda Balneaves
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Interdisciplinary Training ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Care Training ◽  
Care Of The Dying

Our study was a pilot test of an interdisciplinary training program in palliative care to improve the quality of care to terminally ill cancer and AIDS patients in rural and northern communities in Manitoba. The program involved two weeks of intense palliative care training for nurses, social workers, physicians, and volunteers. Four teams were trained during a six-month period. A repeated measures design was used to assess the effectiveness of the program. Results indicated that health professionals’ knowledge about care of the dying, care of individuals with HIV/AIDS, and attitudes toward care of the dying improved upon completion of the training program and remained improved three months following the program. Improvements in use of medications, increased attention to family care, increased discussion of DNR orders, and increased consultation related to symptom management were evident following the training program. The parallel training program for volunteers was also judged to be effective.

scholarly journals Does the Quality of Source Notes Matter? An Exploratory Study of Source-based Academic Writing

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Neumann ◽  
Sarah Leu ◽  
Kim McDonough ◽  
Leslie Gil ◽  
Bonnie Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
English For Academic Purposes ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Language Writing ◽  
Langue Seconde ◽  
The Relationship

Integrated writing tasks have increased in popularity in second language writing classrooms. Extensive research on these tasks has examined the challenges that students face when completing such tasks. One significant challenge is the transformation of source language use when students integrate source information into their own essays. However, little is known about the relationship between students’ source notes and the quality of the essays that they produce. This exploratory study examined this issue by investigating the relationship between characteristics of English for academic purposes (EAP) students’ notes (N = 24) and their essay scores. The students’ notes were coded in terms of how they appropriated information from the source texts using four categories: copied, copied with changes, copied with gaps, and paraphrased. A multiple linear regression revealed that essay scores were predicted by the degree to which the students transformed source language and avoided copying. The implications of these findings for second language (L2) writing pedagogy and assessment are discussed. Les tâches de rédaction intégrée deviennent de plus en plus populaires dans les classes de rédaction en seconde langue. Ces tâches ont fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches qui ont étudié les défis auxquels font face les étudiants lorsqu’ils les exécutent. Un défi de taille est la transformation de l’utilisation de la langue source lorsque les étudiants intègrent l’information tirée des sources dans leurs rédactions. Cependant, on ne sait pas grand chose sur la relation entre les notes des étudiants provenant des sources et la qualité des rédactions qu’ils produisent. Cette étude exploratoire s’est intéressée à ce problème étudiant la relation entre les caractéris- tiques des notes des étudiants dans les cours d’anglais académique (N = 24) et les notes obtenues pour leurs rédactions. Les notes des étudiants ont été classées en quatre catégories selon la façon dont ils s’appropriaient l’information des textes sources : copiées, copiées avec des changements, copiées avec des lacunes et para- phrasées. Une régression multiple linéaire a révélé que les notes obtenues pour les rédactions étaient prédites par le degré auquel les étudiants avaient transformé la langue source et avaient évité de copier. On discute des implications de ces résultats pour la pédagogie et l’évaluation de la rédaction en langue seconde (L 2).

Use of Emotional and Neutral Speech in Evaluating Compression Speeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Korhonen ◽  
Francis Kuk ◽  
Christopher Slugocki ◽  
Neal Davis-Ruperto
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Emotional Speech ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Subjective Preference ◽  
Signal Processing Algorithms ◽  
Amplitude Compression ◽  
Fast Acting

Abstract Background Emotional speech differs from neutral speech in its envelope characteristics. Use of emotional speech materials may be more sensitive for evaluating signal processing algorithms that affect the temporal envelope. Purpose Subjective listener preference was compared between variable speed compression (VSC) and fast acting compression (FAC) amplitude compression algorithms using neutral and emotional speech. Research Design The study used a single-blinded, repeated measures design. Study Sample Twenty hearing-impaired (HI) listeners with a bilaterally symmetrical, mild- to-moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss and 21 listeners with normal hearing (NH) participated. Intervention Speech was processed using FAC and VSC algorithms. Data Collection and Analysis A paired-comparison paradigm assessed subjective preference for FAC versus VSC using emotional and neutral speech materials. The significance of subjective preference for compression algorithm (FAC or VSC) was evaluated using a linear mixed effects model at each combination of stimulus type (emotional or neutral speech) and hearing group (NH or HI). Results HI listeners showed a preference for VSC over FAC when listening to emotional speech. The same listeners showed a nonsignificant, preference for VSC over FAC when listening to neutral speech. NH listeners showed preference for VSC over FAC for both neutral and emotional speech materials. Conclusion These results suggest that the subjective sound quality of emotional speech is more susceptible than neutral speech to changes in the signal introduced by FAC. Clinicians should consider including emotional speech materials when evaluating listener preference for different compression speeds in the clinic.

scholarly journals An Intervention to Improve Motivation for Homework

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Akioka ◽  
Linda Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
And Control

A repeated measures design, with randomly assigned intervention and control groups and multiple sources of information on each participant, was used to examine whether changing the method of delivery of a school's homework program in order to better meet the students’ needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence would lead to more positive student attitudes to homework, and whether there would also be a positive change in overall motivation. The participants were 104 male students aged 10 to 12 years who attended a single sex high school. There was no overall intervention effect on motivation; however, the intervention appeared to have a protective effect on the quality of motivation.

scholarly journals Impact of physical therapy on functional capacity and life quality of patients with chronic kidney disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Miranda Tomich ◽  
Luciana Souza Bernardino ◽  
Fabiana Oliveira Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Emotional Role

Introduction Studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of exercise in patients with chronic kidney disease, however, based on current scientific literature, more research is needed to increase evidence level of potential effects of physical activity for this population. Objective To evaluate effects of physical therapy based on the supervised exercise practice on functional capacity and life quality of patients with chronic kidney disease. Material and methods This quasi-experimental study, with repeated measures design, was conducted in the ambulatory of physical therapy, in a public hospital, located in a city of the state of Pará (north region of Brazil). Functional capacity and life quality were assessed at baseline and after six weeks of aerobic and resistance training performed three times per week on alternate days with hemodialysis. Results Eight patients (3M / 5F) with a mean age of 60.38 years (SD = 14.75) were evaluated. There was significant increase of 24% in distance walked in six minute walk test (p = 0.007), and of 47% in number of repetitions during sit-to-stand test (p = 0.002); there was also significant improvement in emotional role (p = 0.043) of life quality assessed with SF36 questionnaire. Conclusion There was a positive impact of only six weeks of rehabilitation with physical exercise on functional capacity and emotional role of life quality of patients with chronic kidney disease.

The Use of Lycra Garments in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Report of a Descriptive Clinical Trial

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Knox
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Gross Motor Function Measure ◽  
Sustained Use ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Test

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of wearing Lycra garments in children with cerebral palsy. Eight participants, aged 3 years 5 months to 13 years (male = 4, female = 4) and with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, were recruited. A repeated measures design was used, with participants tested with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) before and after intervention. Both parents and participants recorded the perceived advantages and disadvantages of the participant wearing the Lycra garment at the end of the trial. Each participant received a baseline test, was then provided with a Lycra garment and was re-tested once wear time was more than 4 hours per day. Four participants withdrew from the trial (discomfort from suit, n = 3; prescribed spinal jacket, n = 1). Of the remaining four participants, all showed an improvement in either GMFM or QUEST score and one showed improvement in both test scores. All but one of the eight participants recorded functional improvements when wearing their suit. In this population, the participants showed improvements in function when wearing a Lycra garment, but problems with discomfort remained a barrier for some children to their more sustained use.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Meditation Effects on Poststroke Spasticity: A Feasibility Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 2515690X1985594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Wathugala ◽  
David Saldana ◽  
Julia M. Juliano ◽  
Jennifer Chan ◽  
Sook-Lei Liew
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

This study examined the feasibility of an adapted 2-week mindfulness meditation protocol for chronic stroke survivors. In addition, preliminary effects of this adapted intervention on spasticity and quality of life in individuals after stroke were explored. Ten chronic stroke survivors with spasticity listened to 2 weeks of short mindfulness meditation recordings, adapted from Jon Kabat-Zinn’s Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction course, in a pre/post repeated measures design. Measures of spasticity, quality of life, mindfulness, and anxiety, along with qualitative data from participants’ daily journals, were assessed. On average, participants reported meditating 12.5 days of the full 15 days (mean 12.5 days, SD 0.94, range 8-15 days). Seven of the 10 participants wrote comments in their journals. In addition, there were no adverse effects due to the intervention. Exploratory preliminary analyses also showed statistically significant improvements in spasticity in both the elbow ( P = .032) and wrist ( P = .023) after 2 weeks of meditation, along with improvements in quality of life measures for Energy ( P = .013), Personality ( P = .026), and Work/Productivity ( P = .032). This feasibility study suggests that individuals with spasticity following stroke are able to adhere to a 2-week home-based mindfulness meditation program. In addition, preliminary results also suggest that this adapted, short mindfulness meditation program might be a promising approach for individuals with spasticity following stroke. Future research should expand on these preliminary findings with a larger sample size and control group.

scholarly journals Protocol for The Toxin Study: Understanding clinical and patient reported response of children and young people with cerebral palsy to intramuscular lower limb Botulinum neurotoxin-A injections, exploring all domains of the ICF. A pragmatic longitudinal observational study using a prospective one-group repeated measures design

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e049542
Author(s):  
Lesley R Katchburian ◽  
Kate Oulton ◽  
Eleanor Main ◽  
Christopher Morris ◽  
Lucinda J Carr
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin A ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Longitudinal Observational Study ◽  
Patient Reported

IntroductionBotulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) is an accepted treatment modality for the management of hypertonia in children and young people with cerebral palsy (CYPwCP). Nevertheless, there are concerns about the long-term effects of BoNT-A, with a lack of consensus regarding the most meaningful outcome measures to guide its use. Most evidence to date is based on short-term outcomes, related to changes at impairment level (restrictions of body functions and structures), rather than changes in adaptive skills (enabling both activity and participation). The proposed study aims to evaluate clinical and patient reported outcomes in ambulant CYPwCP receiving lower limb BoNT-A injections over a 12-month period within all domains of the WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods and analysisThis pragmatic prospective longitudinal observational study will use a one-group repeated measures design. Sixty CYPwCP, classified as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I–III, aged between 4 and 18 years, will be recruited from an established movement disorder service in London, UK. Standardised clinical and patient reported outcome measures within all ICF domains; body structures and function, activity (including quality of movement), goal attainment, participation and HRQoL, will be collected preinjection and at 6 weeks, 6 months and up to 12 months postinjection. A representative subgroup of children and carers will participate in a qualitative component of the study, exploring how their experience of BoNT-A treatment relates to clinical outcome measures.Ethics and disseminationCentral London Research Ethics Committee has granted ethics approval (#IRAS 211617 #REC 17/LO/0579). Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications, conferences and via networks to participants and relevant stakeholders using a variety of accessible formats including social media.

scholarly journals Interactivity And Mental Arithmetic: Coupling Mind And World Transforms And Enhances Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa G. Guthrie ◽  
Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Calculation Error ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Problem Presentation ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Arithmetic Performance

AbstractInteractivity has been linked to better performance in problem solving, due in part to a more efficient allocation of attentional resources, a better distribution of cognitive load, but perhaps more important by enabling the reasoner to shape and reshape the physical problem presentation to promote the development of the problem solution. Interactivity in solving quotidian arithmetic problems involves gestures, pointing, and the recruitment of artefacts to facilitate computation and augment efficiency. In the experiment reported here, different types of interactivity were examined with a series of mental arithmetic problems. Using a repeated-measures design, participants solved series of five 11-digit sums in four conditions that varied in the type of interactivity: (i) no interactivity (participants solved the problems with their hands on the table top), (ii) pointing (participants could point at the numbers), (iii) pen and paper (participants could note interim totals with a pen), and (iv) tokens (the sums were presented as 11 numbered tokens the arrangement of which participants were free to modify as they proceeded to the solution). Performance in the four conditions was measured in terms of accuracy, calculation error, and efficiency (a ratio composed of the proportion correct over the proportion of time invested in working on the sums). These quantitative analyses were supplemented by a detailed qualitative examination of a participant’s actions in the different conditions. The integration of artefacts, such as tokens or a pen, offered reasoners the opportunity to reconfigure the physical presentation of the problem, enacting different arithmetic strategies: the affordance landscape shifts as the problem trajectory is enacted through interactivity, and this generally produced better “mental” arithmetic performance. Participants also felt more positive about and better engaged with the task when they could reconfigure the problem presentation through interactivity. These findings underscore the importance of engineering task environments in the laboratory that offer a window on how problem solving unfolds through a coalition of mental and physical resources.

scholarly journals C-38 Telehealth Dementia Management in a Memory Care Unit: Survey Response Rates and Quality of Life

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1067
Author(s):  
J Pizer ◽  
A LaRoche ◽  
R Sawyer ◽  
B Arredondo ◽  
B Mizuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Survey Response ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Individualized Care

Abstract This feasibility study assessed changes in patient, staff, and family member ratings over time in a program using technology in patient care on an inpatient dementia unit in a nursing home. Method Dementia patients [N = 17; 50% Female; Age M (SD) = 84.56 (7.12); CDR M (SD) = 2.24 (5.17); MoCA M (SD) = 6.67 (.75)], caregivers (N = 17), and staff (N = 27) at a locked memory unit of a long-term care facility in the southern U.S. consented and enrolled in an individualized care program that implemented telehealth visits between a neuropsychologist and residents with staff. The start and end dates of the group varied due to new admissions and deaths. A feasibility study using a repeated measures design was conducted with monthly data collected from questionnaires (Quality of Life (QoL), Professional Care Team Burden (PCTB) Scale, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Inventory). Results QoL in residents as rated by staff was stable over a five-month interval [Baseline M (SD) = 37.94 (7.28); Month-5 M (SD) = 37.13(5.96), p = 0.98]. PCTB and Zarit responses were adequate at baseline (96.3% and 94.4%); however, due to poor response rates at Month 5 (14.3% and 27.2%), comparisons weren’t possible. Conclusion Changes in patient quality of life were not found over a five-month period. However, due to the severity and progression of dementia, a neutral finding may be positive. Anecdotally, perceptions of the program were positive. However, due to low survey response rates, we cannot accurately translate the benefits to the staff and family. Future studies should assess improving response rate or alternate forms of data collection. Generalizability is limited by size and setting.

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