L1 and L2 transfer to L3 in L3 and L2 learners of Standard Arabic

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-774
Author(s):  
Abdulkafi Albirini ◽  
Eman Saadah ◽  
Mohammad T. Alhawary
Keyword(s):  
Definite Article ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Sentential Negation ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
L1 English

Abstract This study examines the influence of previously acquired languages – namely, Colloquial Arabic (CA) and English – on the acquisition of Standard Arabic (SA) by L3 and L2 learners. It reports on the role of typological and structural proximity in language transfer and whether transfer patterns change over time. The study involved 105 participants: 41 CA-L1, English-L2 learners of SA, 47 English-L1 learners of SA, and 17 Arabic-L1 speakers. The participants completed three written tasks focusing on: definite article use, verb subcategorization rules, and sentential negation. The results indicate that CA plays a positive role in L3 learners’ acquisition of SA, mainly in forms where SA and CA converge, whereas English seems to play more of a negative role for both L3 and L2 learners. Thus, structural proximity seems to play a positive role in transfer to the L3. Negative transfer, irrespective of proximity/distance, diminishes as learners advance in their study of SA.

IS LEARNING A STANDARD VARIETY SIMILAR TO LEARNING A NEW LANGUAGE?

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elabbas Benmamoun ◽  
Abdulkafi Albirini
Keyword(s):  
Negative Influence ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Heritage Languages ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Sentential Negation ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
Colloquial Arabic ◽  
L1 English ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
English Heritage

This study examines heritage speakers’ knowledge of Standard Arabic (SA) and compares their patterns of SA acquisition to those of learners of SA as second/foreign language (L2). In addition, the study examines the influence of previously acquired language varieties, including Colloquial Arabic (QA), on SA acquisition.1 To this end, the study compares 35 heritage speakers, 28 L2 learners, and 16 controls with respect to sentential negation, an area where SA and QA diverge significantly. The participants completed five oral tasks targeting negation of eight different clause types. The findings showed that L2 learners and heritage speakers performed comparably, encountered similar difficulties, and produced similar patterns of errors. However, whereas L2 learners did not display clear transfer effects from L1 (English), heritage speakers showed both positive and negative influence of L1 (QA). The results shed light on the dynamics of the interaction between the spoken heritage languages and their written standard counterparts with specific focus on diglossic contexts.

scholarly journals El papel del lenguaje en la construcción de explicaciones en la clase de ciencias en contextos bilingües a través del enfoque CLIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Mauricio Mancipe Triviño ◽  
Cynthia Marcela Ramírez Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Language ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Science Classes ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
L1 English ◽  
Do So

This paper covers the issue with respect to elaborating explanations about natural phenomena in the Science class in bilingual contexts (Spanish (L1) – English (L2)), in which the role of the language is analysed from two perspectives: communicative and explanatory. To do so, this article focuses on the categorisation of cognitive-linguistic abilities exhibited by the students throughout the implementation of the designed unit, as well as analysing the expressions used by them from the communicative perspective; this analysis is born from the upcoming and growing concern of bilingualism implementation in Colombia and Latin America. The methodology used follows an interpretative-qualitative analysis with an inductive analysis approach, analysing the collected information during the didactic implementation in recordings, products developed by students and class diaries from a sample of 25 and 19 students belonging to two private secondary schools located in Cajicá and Bogotá, Colombia. The document presents the reflections arisen from the analysis categories built to assess the collected information: socio-linguistic abilities, communication of ideas in both L1 and L2, the conceptual, social, epistemological and didactic aspects of knowledge. It was found a close link between the L2 proficiency and the depth of the explanations elaborated by the students, enabling the more competent students in L2 to communicate better using the scientific language and getting to more complex explanations. Moreover, the implementation re-dimensioned the content perspective applied by some teachers when using the CLIL approach, placing bilingualism in the Science classes in a dimension distant from transmitting information, being a medium that fosters communicative and explanatory processes by nurturing different cognitive-linguistic abilities.

scholarly journals SERANGGA dan PERANANNYA DALAM BIDANG PERTANIAN dan KEHIDUPAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Araz Meilin ◽  
Nasamsir .
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Living Thing ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Negative Role

AbstractThe insect is a group of living thing that have the largest number of species. This article was compiled by aiming literature method studies at informing the negative and positive roles of insects in a farming and life. Some insects have a positive or negative role in agriculture and life. The negative role of insects in agriculture and life as cultivation plant, as a disease vector on the plant, and it cause humand being stickness. The positive role of insect is as pollinators, as a decomposer, as predators or parasitoids, as environment bioindikator, as the producer of the useful materials and beneficial in the field of health. Keywords: insects, vectors, natural enemies, pollinators, decomposer AbstrakSerangga merupakan kelompok makhluk hidup yang memiliki jumlah spesies terbanyak. Tulisan ini disusun dari studi literatur dan bertujuan menginformasikan peran negatif dan positif serangga dalam bidang pertanian dan kehidupan.  Beberapa anggota dari serangga memiliki peranan positif maupun negatif di bidang pertanian dan kehidupan.  Peran negatif serangga dibidang pertanian dan kehidupan adalah sebagai pemakan tumbuhan budidaya, sebagai vektor penyebab penyakit pada tanaman, dan sebagai penyebab penyakit pada manusia. Peran positif serangga adalah sebagai polinator atau penyerbuk, sebagai dekomposer atau pengurai, sebagai predator atau parasitoid (musuh alami), sebagai bioindikator lingkungan, sebagai penghasil bahan-bahan berguna dan bermanfaat  dalam bidang kesehatan. Kata Kunci: serangga, vektor, musuh alami, polinator, dekomposer

scholarly journals The ST2/Interleukin-33 Axis in Hematologic Malignancies: The IL-33 Paradox

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Allegra ◽  
Vanessa Innao ◽  
Gennaro Tartarisco ◽  
Giovanni Pioggia ◽  
Marco Casciaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Negative Role

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a chromatin-related nuclear interleukin that is a component of IL-1 family. IL-33 production augments the course of inflammation after cell damage or death. It is discharged into the extracellular space. IL-33 is regarded as an “alarmin” able to stimulate several effectors of the immune system, regulating numerous immune responses comprising cancer immune reactions. IL-33 has been demonstrated to influence tumorigenesis. However, as far as this cytokine is concerned, we are faced with what has sometimes been defined as the IL-33 paradox. Several studies have demonstrated a relevant role of IL-33 to numerous malignancies, where it may have pro- and—less frequently—antitumorigenic actions. In the field of hematological malignancies, the role of IL-33 seems even more complex. Although we can affirm the existence of a negative role of IL-33 in Chronic myelogenos leukemia (CML) and in lymphoproliferative diseases and a positive role in pathologies such as Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the action of IL-33 seems to be multiple and sometimes contradictory within the same pathology. In the future, we will have to learn to govern the negative aspects of activating the IL-33/ST2 axis and exploit the positive ones.

scholarly journals Preferential Inhibition of BMAL2-CLOCK Activity by PER2 Reemphasizes Its Negative Role and a Positive Role of BMAL2 in the Circadian Transcription

2009 ◽  
Vol 284 (37) ◽  
pp. 25149-25159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momoko Sasaki ◽  
Hikari Yoshitane ◽  
Ngoc-Hien Du ◽  
Toshiyuki Okano ◽  
Yoshitaka Fukada
Keyword(s):  
Positive Role ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Circadian Transcription

The Network Constellation of Personality and Substance Use: Evolution from Early to Late Adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Afzali ◽  
Sherry Heather Stewart ◽  
Jean R. Séguin ◽  
Patricia Conrod
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Graphical Models ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Negative Role

There is a well–established link between substance use and four personality traits of anxiety–sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation–seeking. However, construct–level models of personality may conceal indicator–level personality–outcome associations. The current study aims to investigate evolution of the network constellation of personality and cannabis/alcohol use from early to late adolescence. Data comes from the longitudinal Co–Venture cohort (N = 3800). Personality indicators, measured by Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) items, and the frequency of cannabis/alcohol use were assessed at four consecutive years (13–17 years old). Network constellations of the SURPS items and cannabis/alcohol use were estimated using Bayesian Gaussian graphical models at four time points. Results highlighted the age–specific associations between personality indicators and substance use. The positive role of the sensation–seeking trait (e.g. attitude towards transgression) was constant, whereas the positive role of hopelessness indicators (e.g. not being enthusiastic about future) and the negative role of anxiety–sensitivity indicators (e.g. fear of having unusual body sensations) were more prominent at early adolescence. The current study provides a novel perspective on the network structure of personality and substance use in adolescence and suggests substance–specific and age–adjusted targets in intervention efforts. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Freedom of expression -The Clash of Rights

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 516-521
Author(s):  
Andhika Yahya Santiago Baramuli
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Modern Democracy ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
The Right

This article will examine the shift in the role of freedom of expression based on recent events, observing how the right to freedom guaranteed by law has shifted into a coercive political tool in modern democracy. The results of this article show that, freedom of expression has been melted and shaped into a shield into a sword. This has changed from what was traditionally a negative role to guarantee people's freedom from arbitrary exercise of power, to a positive role in which people can exercise their liberties against their own rights.

THE DATIVE ALTERNATION IN GERMAN-ENGLISH INTERLANGUAGE

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Jäschke ◽  
Ingo Plag
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Probabilistic Constraints ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Dative Alternation ◽  
L2 Learners ◽  
L1 English

This study investigates the role of probabilistic grammatical constraints on the dative alternation in English as a second language (ESL). It presents the results of an experiment in which the different factors that are influential in first language (L1) English are tested with advanced learners of English whose L1 is German. Second language (L2) learners are influenced by the same determinants as L1 speakers but to a lesser degree. Together with the results of previous studies, the present results suggest that, initially, the learners do not make use of probabilistic constraints in spite of the constraints being influential in the L1 and only gradually acquire a sensitivity toward the constraints that govern the choice between the two dative constructions.

“I know the word, but ...”

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Hee Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
First Language ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
L2 Learning ◽  
L2 Vocabulary ◽  
L1 And L2

Abstract Bilinguals sometimes report on difficulties in finding words while speaking in the first language (L1) or the second language (L2), which is frequently attributed to the negative influence of one language onto the other. This paper addresses this issue by investigating the relationship between L1 and L2 vocabulary knowledge of Korean-English bilinguals who have been exposed to an L2 learning environment since the age of 12 years. Their vocabulary knowledge in L1 and L2 is measured by using a standardised vocabulary test in each language and their L1 vocabulary measures are compared with that of 12 year old Korean monolinguals. The findings show that there is a significant positive correlation between the scores from the L1 and L2 vocabulary tests among the participants. The findings suggest (1) that L1 vocabulary learning continues in the L2 learning environment, and (2) that the extent of the vocabulary knowledge in one language is the good predictor of the other, highlighting the positive role of L1 vocabulary knowledge in L2 learning. Implications for the support for L1 development of young immigrants are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document