The linguistic construction of business decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-366
Author(s):  
Eszter Szenes

Abstract This paper models analytical tools for identifying the linguistic resources at play in constructing business decision-making in high-scoring undergraduate business reports from a systemic functional linguistic perspective. Drawing on the discourse semantic system of appraisal and coupling theory in systemic functional linguistics, this paper illustrates a process for analysing the linguistic construction of investment opportunities and risks in undergraduate business reports through the ‘coupling’ of different types of discourse semantic meanings. This study has pedagogical implications for making explicit the key language resources critical for constructing business decisions in undergraduate business studies.

Multilingua ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Beth Rottmann ◽  
Maissam Nimer

AbstractThis paper sheds light on Syrian refugee women’s negotiation strategies in language learning classrooms and in their broader social contexts from an intersectional perspective. Drawing on in-depth interviews and focus groups complemented by participatory observation in language classes, we use a post-structuralist approach to examine gendered language socialization. Our research combines an intersectional framework and a Bourdieusian perspective on symbolic capital to show how women perform gender and negotiate their roles in classrooms, within families and vis-à-vis the host society. The findings demonstrate that being a woman and a migrant presents particular challenges in learning language. At the same time, learning language allows for the re-negotiation of gender relations and power dynamics. We find that gender structures women’s access to linguistic resources and interactional opportunities as they perform language under social pressure to conform to prescribed roles as mothers, wives and virtuous, and shy women. Yet, these roles are not static: gender roles are also reconstituted in the process of language learning and gaining symbolic capital.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Gary Gagarin Akbar

ABSTRAK Direksi mempunyai peran yang sangat vital bagi perseroan. Direksi ibarat nyawa bagi perseroan, tidak mungkin suatu perseroan tanpa adanya direksi. Direksi bertugas sebagai perwakilan perseroan dalam menjalankan perseroan. Dalam prakteknya, direksi sering kali dirugikan akibat keputusan bisnis yang diambilnya. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh belum adanya harmonisasi undang-undang mengenai definisi keuangan negara sehingga memungkinkan direksi dikenakan tindak pidana korupsi jika direksi dalam mengambil keputusan bisnis menimbulkan kerugian bagi perseroan. Jika direksi dalam mengambil suatu keputusan tidak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum maka direksi menjadi takut untuk mengadakan transaksi bisnis. Karena itu dalam hal ini sangat dibutuhkan doktrin Business Judgement Rule sebagai perlindungan hukum bagi direksi dalam melakukan transaksi bisnis agar mereka bisa menjalankan tugasnya dengan maksimal. Selain itu, jika direksi membuat keputusan bisnis yang menimbulkan kerugian untuk perseroan dikarenakan ultra vires atau melampaui kewenangan yang telah ditentukan dalam anggaran dasar atau peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, maka direksi tersebut tidak bisa dilindungi oleh doktrin Business Judgement Rule. Dalam hal direksi melakukan tindakan ultra vires, maka direksi tersebut dapat dikenakan Pasal 97 ayat (3) UUPT, pasal ini menyatakan bahwa setiap anggota direksi bertanggung jawab penuh sampai pada harta pribadi apabila direksi tersebut melakukan kesalahan atau kelalaian yang mengakibatkan perseroan mengalami kerugian, kemudian direksi BUMN juga dapat dikenakan Pasal 1365 mengenai perbuatan melawan hukum yang mengakibatkan kerugian pada orang lain, maka harus membayar ganti rugi kepada pihak yang dirugikan. Kata Kunci: Direksi, BUMN, Business Judgement Rule ABSTRACT Directors have a very important role for company. Directors like soul of the company, impossible a company without directors. Directors served as representative of the company in running the company. In practice, directors are often adversely affected business decision taken. This is caused by the absence of harmonization of legislation on the definition of state finances so as to enable the directors subject to corruption if the directors in making business decisions result in losses for the company. If the directors in taking a decision not to get legal protection, the directors be afraid to conduct business transactions. Therefore in this case is necessary doctrine of Business Judgment Rule as legal protection for directors in the transaction of business so that they can carry out their duties to the fullest. In addition, if directors make business decisions causing losses to the company due to the ultra vires or beyond the authority specified in the statutes or regulations applicable law, the directors can not be protected by the doctrine of the Business Judgment Rule. In the event that the directors act ultra vires, the directors may be subject to Article 97 paragraph (3) of legislation limited liability company, this article states that each member of the board of directors fully responsible to the personal property if the directors of wrongdoing or negligence which resulted in the company at a disadvantage, then the board of directors SOE also be subject to Article 1365 of the unlawful act that caused financial losses to others, it must pay compensation to the injured party. Keywords : Directors, State Owned Enterprises, Business Judgement Rule (BJR)


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Edward N. Ozhiganov ◽  
◽  
Alexander A. Chursin ◽  
Alexey D. Linkov ◽  
◽  
...  

This article describes a relation between sociotechnical and technological factors involved in launching and implementing Business Intelligence systems. Advanced BI systems include business analytics, data mining, data visualization, data tools and infrastructure, and advanced IT solutions to support business decisions based on big data. Various industries and businesses handle large amounts of data to adapt to changing markets and demand fluctuations, push new technologies, and repair ineffective strategies, etc. With an upsurge in data sizes, more and more new research papers are published today to describe BI implemen-tation, use and results. However, today most studies and scientific publications focus on Business Intelligence technological challenges, while sociotechnical aspects – that is processes involved in business decision mak-ing based on big data – are studied in much rarer cases.


Author(s):  
K. Madhu Kishore Raghunath ◽  
S L Tulasi Devi

Survival being the rationale for every organisation, there are infinite dynamics which contribute to every organisations growth and survival. Weighing in all the dynamics available, if organisations have to contemplate on the one which acts as catalyst for ultimate survival it is business decision making process. Risk is an inherent ailment that exacerbates organisational decision making ever since the dawn of industrialization, with their reach proliferating ever since. In the present article, the authors articulate the effectiveness of risk assessment models on key business decisions to testify how risk models operate in isolation and when combined together. Authors also analyse the significant effect risk models have on business decision, which serves as justification for organisational efficiency.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voldemaras Žitkus ◽  
Rita Butkienė ◽  
Rimantas Butleris ◽  
Rytis Maskeliūnas ◽  
Robertas Damaševičius ◽  
...  

Coreference resolution is a challenging part of natural language processing (NLP) with applications in machine translation, semantic search and other information retrieval, and decision support systems. Coreference resolution requires linguistic preprocessing and rich language resources for automatically identifying and resolving such expressions. Many rarer and under-resourced languages (such as Lithuanian) lack the required language resources and tools. We present a method for coreference resolution in Lithuanian language and its application for processing e-health records from a hospital reception. Our novelty is the ability to process coreferences with minimal linguistic resources, which is important in linguistic applications for rare and endangered languages. The experimental results show that coreference resolution is applicable to the development of NLP-powered online healthcare services in Lithuania.


Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kholdeyeva ◽  

The article presents a cognitive analysis of situations described by the predicate ‘exhibit’. Its semantics requires the presence of the perceiving subject. This predicate categorizes perceptually oriented actions of the Agent who causes the Observer to perceive a displayed object. The article considers different types of perceptually oriented actions described by statements with some lexico-semantic variants of ‘exhibit.’ At the same time, the author identifies the cognitive characteristics of situations represented by the predicate ‘exhibit,’ and characterizes the Observer participating in these situations. The Observer demonstrates complex cognitive levels of perception. The article also focuses on the peculiarities of the Observed which functions as a differentiating factor for dividing constructions with ‘exhibit’ into subgroups. The author proves that the use of metacategories ‘the Observer’ and ‘the Observed’ as analytical tools significantly increases the possibilities of studying various linguistic phenomena.


Semiotica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (216) ◽  
pp. 63-88
Author(s):  
Vadim Verenich

AbstractThe evaluation of visual aspects of law has had a profound influence in the last decade in specific fields of legal sciences (i. e., criminology, studies of legal evidence), focusing on the extent to which visual evidence (visual patterns, images, diagrams, and symbols) underpin what and how we can perceive different types of legal evidence, and how the difference in perception affects the manipulation of visual evidence in practice. Taking the recent development in the field of legal evidence seriously, we could claim that the visual communication in law is above all a means of communicating and understanding different types of visual evidence. In general terms, visual exhibits (symbols, images, graphs, photographs, etc.) have the potential to convey more complex meanings and often represent concepts that are challenging to articulate explicitly in more conventional verbal forms of evidence, due to their complexity or lack of specificity. The purpose of this paper is to define the nature and properties of visual aids from a semiotic perspective Visual semiotics offers exceptionally thorough analytical tools for the detailed and nuanced study of visual legal evidence in the courts. In the final part of the paper we’ll illustrate the application of semiotic analysis for evaluating the rules of evidence in the Estonian legal system.


2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kennedy ◽  
Pavel Trofimovich

Speakers of a second language (L2), regardless of proficiency level, communicate for specific purposes. For example, an L2 speaker of English may wish to build rapport with a co-worker by chatting about the weather. The speaker will draw on various resources to accomplish her communicative purposes. For instance, the speaker may say ‘falling ice’ if she has forgotten the word ‘hail’ or may repeat the last few words of her interlocutor's utterance to show that she is listening and engaged. The term communication strategies (CSs) refers to the strategic use of various resources (both linguistic and non-linguistic) for communicative purposes. While speakers also use CSs in their native languages (L1s), research on L2 CS use is particularly interesting because speakers’ L2 linguistic resources and the associated cognitive processes are typically less developed, compared to those in their L1. Therefore, for L2 users to accomplish their communicative purposes in the L2, it is important that they effectively use the resources available to them. This research timeline presents key developments in theoretical understanding and empirical research targeting L2 CSs, mainly in oral communication. The timeline places particular emphasis on the evolution of theoretical approaches to the study of CSs and the consequent expansion of research in terms of the nature of participants, speech samples, and analytical tools used.


2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-395
Author(s):  
Ruth Osimk-Teasdale ◽  
Nora Dorn

This paper reports on some issues encountered when using various ‘external points of reference’ in the development of POS-tagging guidelines for the Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE). VOICE is a corpus of spoken English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) containing naturally occurring, plurilingual data. As in all kinds of natural language use, speakers recorded in VOICE exploit available linguistic resources, often resulting in non-codified language use and language which is difficult to classify unambiguously. However, detailed tagging solutions for such phenomena are rarely reported. We discuss usefulness and limitations of external points of reference with regard to their suitability for POS-tagging VOICE and address methodological as well as practical issues, especially the handling of non-codified language use and different types of ambiguities. We suggest that the solutions found, and the theoretical approach adopted, could be relevant for the tagging of other spoken corpora.


Author(s):  
Georg Rehm ◽  
Oliver Schonefeld ◽  
Thorsten Trippel ◽  
Andreas Witt

Data providers, users, and funders alike want and need sustainability of language resources (e.g. language corpora, grammars, etc.); sustainability requires making the resources available according to defined processes, platforms, or archives in a reproducible and reliable way. A three-year project on sustainability of linguistic resources conducted at Tübingen, Hamburg, and Potsdam illuminates some of the difficulties: the prevalence of stand-off markup (requiring a layer of specialized tools atop the XML stack), machine-generated XML of low clarity, ad hoc non-standard tag sets, discoverability, and selection criteria for long-term archiving. XML and other standards are necessary but not sufficient ingredients in the mix.


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