Deuxième Partie

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Blanco ◽  
Dolors Català
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
The State ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Electronic Dictionary ◽  
Preliminary Study

Within the framework of studies using the ladl system of electronic dictionaries, the group Applied Linguistics in Romance Languages of the uab has undertaken the construction of an electronic dictionary for frozen compound adverbs. This dictionary completes the delacs (Dictionary for Compound Words of Spanish). This paper briefly presents the characteristics of each type of frozen compound adverb and also the choices that underlie the development of the tables in which they are recorded. Details are also given about the state of electronic dictionary of frozen compound adverbs currently available on intex. Since this is a preliminary study, the final section is devoted to identifying possible future developments, rather than drawing conclusions.

The Self-Undermining State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
Central Authority ◽  
Interstate War ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Willingness To Sacrifice ◽  
The Cost

This chapter provides an informal rationalist model of state formation as an exchange between a central authority and a population. In the model, the central authority protects the population against external threats and the population disarms and pays taxes. The model specifies the conditions under which the exchange is self-enforcing, meaning that the parties prefer the exchange to alternative courses of action. These conditions—costly but winnable interstate war—are historically rare, and the cost of such wars can rise beyond the population’s willingness to sacrifice. At this point, the population prefers to avoid war rather than fight it and may prefer an alternative institution to the state if that institution can prevent war and reduce the level of extraction. Thus the modern centralized state is self-undermining rather than self-enforcing. A final section addresses alternative explanations for state formation.

Subaltern Migrations and the State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Zehmisch
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
The State ◽  
Penal Colony ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Subaltern Agency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Reports

This chapter considers the history of Andaman migration from the institutionalization of a penal colony in 1858 to the present. It unpicks the dynamic relationship between the state and the population by investigating genealogies of power and knowledge. Apart from elaborating on subaltern domination, the chapter also reconstructs subaltern agency in historical processes by re-reading scholarly literature, administrative publications, and media reports as well as by interpreting fieldwork data and oral history accounts. The first part of the chapter defines migration and shows how it applies to the Andamans. The second part concentrates on colonial policies of subaltern population transfer to the islands and on the effects of social engineering processes. The third part analyses the institutionalization of the postcolonial regime in the islands and elaborates on the various types of migration since Indian Independence. The final section considers contemporary political negotiations of migration in the islands.

STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF PULSE HYDRAULIC MECHANISMS WITH PNEUMATIC STROKE CHAMBER

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
A.V. GORIN ◽  
R.N. POLYAKOV ◽  
M.A. GRYADUNOVA ◽  
I.V. RODICHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Chamber ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
Pneumatic Chamber ◽  
Hydraulic Mechanism

The paper briefly outlines the state of development of impulse technology. The schemes of hydraulic machines of impulse action with percussion mechanisms of the sixth and seventh classes are presented. The calculation of impulse mechanisms with a pneumatic chamber of the working stroke is given. The physical model of the drain pipeline is presented. Shown is a diagram of the forces acting on the striker during the working stroke. The dependence of the relative energy losses on the ratios of the cross-sectional areas of the working chamber and the drain pipeline is presented. Recommendations are given for the use of a pneumatic accumulator in the drain branch of the pipeline of a pulsed hydraulic mechanism with a pneumatic chamber of the working stroke

Lexicography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Assi
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
The State ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Persian ◽  
Modern Era

The history of lexicography in Iran dates back to more than 2,000 years ago, to the time of the compilation of bilingual and monolingual lexicons for the Middle Persian language. After a review of the long and rich tradition of Persian lexicography, the chapter gives an account of the state of the art in the modern era by describing recent advances and developments in this field. During the last three or four decades, in line with the advancements in western countries, Iranian lexicography evolved from its traditional state into a modern professional and academic activity trying to improve the form and content of dictionaries by implementing the following factors: the latest achievements in theoretical and applied linguistics related to lexicography; and the computer techniques and information technology and corpus-based approach to lexicography.

scholarly journals “CONVENTIONAL WISDOM” AND THE POLITICS OF SHINTO IN POSTWAR JAPAN

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
John Breen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Postwar Japan ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Post War ◽  
Shed Light

In January 2010, the Supreme Court delivered a historic verdict of unconstitutionality in a case involving Sorachibuto, a Shinto shrine in Sunagawa city, Hokkaido. All of the national newspapers featured the case on their front pages. As the case makes abundantly clear, issues of politics and religion, politics and Shinto, are alive and well in 21st century Japan. In this essay, I seek to shed light on the fraught relationship between politics and Shinto from three perspectives. I first analyze the Sorachibuto case, and explain what is at stake, and why it has attracted the attention it has. I then contextualize it, addressing the key state-Shinto legal disputes in the post war period: from the 1970s through to the first decade of the 21st century. Here my main focus falls on the state, and its efforts to cultivate Shinto. In the final section, I shift that focus to the Shinto establishment, and explore its efforts to reestablish with a succession of post LDP administrations the sort of intimacy, which Shinto enjoyed with the state in the early 20th century.

The Moral Basis of State Independence

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Anna Stilz
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
The State ◽  
National Defense ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Moral Basis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Kantian View ◽  
Alternative Reading ◽  
Central Claim

The chapter takes as its starting point the central claim in Arthur Ripstein’s defense of a Kantian approach to war, namely that each state has a right to be independent from the determining choice of other states. The state’s right to independence is the basis for its permission to use force in national defense, and also for in bello restrictions that limit the permissible means of waging war to those necessary to stop aggression. But what morally justifies the state’s right to independence? And can this right be accounted for on Kantian grounds? Specifically, Stilz focuses on whether the Kantian view, as Ripstein reconstructs it, provides a philosophically satisfying basis for attributing a right to political independence to the state. In the final section, she outlines an alternative reading of Kant that may provide a more compelling moral foundation for this right.

Repositories

2007 ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathleen S. Alfano ◽  
Susan L. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Software Management ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Digital Repositories ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Repository Software

This chapter presents an overview of the use of digital repositories in the field of education. The authors’ purpose in writing this chapter is not only to provide their readers with general knowledge about educational repositories, but to give them some idea of the various issues and processes involved in launching a digital repository. The chapter first discusses key concepts and general functions of repositories, and offers the authors’ thoughts on the most important functions of repository software management tools. A case study of repository implementation for the State of Florida is briefly described. The chapter closes with a look at some of the different ways repositories are being used nationally and globally, and with the authors’ expectations on future developments in this area.

Language policy and teacher preparation: The implications of a restrictive language policy on teacher preparation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Beatriz Arias ◽  
Terrence G. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
English Language ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Restrictive Language Policy

AbstractApplied linguistics, with its sub-domains of language planning and policy can make significant contributions to language teaching. In order to explore this issue, the authors focus on the contested arena of language minority instruction in the United States. Attention is given specifically to the state of Arizona, where, recently, its educational policies have captured national and even international attention. Of particular concern is Arizona's implementation of a restrictive language policy for the instruction of English Language Learners (ELLs). The authors present a framework for reviewing the relationship between language policies and teacher preparation. Applying this framework to Arizona's teacher preparation for ELLs, we find that the state sanctioned curriculum transmitted a deficit view of students who speak a language other than English and provided prospective teachers with few alternative approaches for their instruction. In response this outcome, the authors recommend that applied linguistics content needs to be embedded within teacher preparation.

The usefulness of genre theory in the investigation of organizational communication across cultures

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine C. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Genre Theory ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Multinational Organizations

This paper extends the concept of genres of organizational communication proposed by Yates and Orlikowski (1992), to allow for the contextualized linguistic analysis of genre text-ualizations in multinational organizations. It does so by drawing on the findings from previous studies that have reported on cross- and inter-cultural variation in business genres and also on the work of genre analysts working in the fields of applied linguistics, organizational communication and rhetoric. The analytical constructs of Context and Situation are first discussed and this is followed by Genre and its formal and substantive characteristics. The final section of the paper outlines the approach to the linguistic analysis of discourse provided by Bhatia (1993), and shows how this may be of particular relevance to organizational communication across cultures.

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