Positively bitter and negatively sweet?

Pragmatics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwon Yoon

Abstract The goal of this study is to propose a pragmatic analysis of what we call Emotive Taste Terms (ETTs) in Korean, compared to English. What makes Korean taste adjectives special is its multidimensional meaning: In descriptive dimension, (i) the literal meaning concerns the taste; or (ii) it can be extended toward the situation, yielding a figurative meaning. In expressive dimension, (iii) the choice of particular derivation form reflects the speaker’s positive or negative emotional attitude; and (iv) another potential expressive meaning concerns honorification, thought it is not part of the meaning of ETTs. We thus propose that ETTs are a novel subcase of expressive elements, triggering Conventional Implicature. We show how the analysis of ETTs as a CI allows us to successfully derive subtle connotational differences amongst numerous variants. Finally, we show how the co-occurrence pattern of multiple expressives, ETTs and other expressives, within the sentence can be captured by Compatibility Condition Model.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Yosef Yunandow Siahaan

Throughout the history of the church, from the early Church to the present, Christology has become the main topic of discussion, and it has often led to debates and even polemics for both the Church and those outside the church. The point of a long debate in the field of Christology is about Jesus as a creator or only as a creation. This study investigates this by using theological research, this study uses the exegesis method. The text that will be executed to provide evidence that Jesus was the Creator or creation is Colossians 1:15-20. Jehovah's Witnesses say that this text shows that Jesus was God's First creation. Whereas true Christians actually view this text as saying that Jesus is the Creator. The research used the exegesis method. The results show that Christ is the agent of creation. In building the understanding of the eldest word (Prototokos), it is not allowed to use the isolated text method. There are at least 2 meanings of this word, the first literal meaning is as the first born according to the order of time, and the second, the figurative meaning The eldest means the main, superior. Of course when looking at the context in Colossians 1:16-17, then Christ is not the first born according to chronological order, and comes from creation. Rather, He is the Creator, so it is not surprising that He is supreme or superior to all creation. Abstrak Indonesia Sepanjang sejarah gereja mulai dari Gereja mula-mula hingga kini Kristologi menjadi topik utama diskusi bahkan tak jarang menimbulkan perdebatan bahkan polemik baik bagi Gereja maupun kalangan di luar gereja. Yang menjadi titik perdebatan panjang dalam bidang Kristologi adalah Mengenai Yesus sebagai pencipta ataukah hanya sebagai ciptaan. Penelitian ini menyelidiki hal tersebut dengan menggunakan penelitian Teologi, penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksegesis. Teks yang akan dieksegesa guna untuk memberikan bukti Yesus adalah Pencipa atau ciptaan adalah Kolose 1:15-20. Saksi-saksi Yehuwa mengatakan bahwa teks ini menunjukkan bahwa Yesus adalah ciptaan Pertama dari Allah. Sedangkan Kristen sejati justru memandang teks ini mengatakan bahwa Yesus adalah Pencipta. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksegesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kristus adalah pelaku penciptaan. Dalam membangun pemahaman kata yang Sulung (Prototokos), tidak boleh menggunakan metode teks terisolasi. Paling tidak ada 2 makna dari kata ini, yang pertama makna literal adalah sebagai yang lahir pertama menurut urutan waktu, dan yang kedua, makna figuratif Yang sulung berarti yang utama, unggul. Tentu ketika melihat konteks dalam Kolose 1:16-17, maka Kristus bukanlah sang pertama lahir menurut urutan waktu, dan berasal dari ciptaan. Melainkan Ia adalah Pencipta, sehingga tidak mengherankan bahwa Ia adalah yang utama atau paling unggul di atas segala ciptaan.


The study of the language-emotion interface has so far mainly concentrated on the conceptual dimension of emotions as expressed via language. This volume is the first to exclusively focus on the exploration of the formal linguistic expressions of emotions at different linguistic complexity levels—and it does so by integrating work from different linguistic frameworks: generative syntax, functional and usage-based linguistics, formal semantics/pragmatics, and experimental phonology. This collection is both a timely and an original contribution to the growing field of research on the interaction between linguistic expressions and the so-called ‘expressive dimension’ of language. The contributions to this volume are thus of interest to researchers and graduate students who would like to learn more about state-of-the-art approaches to the language-emotion interface.


2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Meibauer

German adjectival and nominal compounds like ratten+scharf (‘rat sharp’) sau+schlecht, (‘sow bad’) Hammer+auftritt (‘hammer performance’), Arsch+gesicht (‘arse face’) contain meliorative or pejorative elements as part of their structure. The left-hand evaluative members of these compounds are usually considered as so-called semi-prefixes. Contrary to recent approaches within constructional morphology ( Booij 2009 , 2010 ), I will argue that these elements are still lexemes, but that they have undergone metaphorical extension. Evidence stems from the consideration of right-hand members like Kommunisten+schwein (‘communist pig’), which have never been considered as semi-suffixes in a similar way. The metaphorical meaning of these heads and non-heads is systematically connected with expressive meaning. It will be shown that the criteria for expressive meaning proposed by Potts (2007) by and large apply. Furthermore, I will argue against a possible analysis in terms of conventional implicature, as proposed by Williamson (2009 , 2010 ) with respect to the meanings of ethnical slur terms like spic.


Author(s):  
Ratna Muntiningsih

This paper presents the core of a descriptive theory of Indirect Speech acts, i.e. utterances used by the speaker to the hearer based on the three types of felicity conditions such as content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity condition. The data examples takes from the English novel "The Cowboy's Secret Son" contains some of indirect speech act utterances that are included to the pragmatic study. The researcher explains and analyzes every utterance based on the theory of Yule (1996), Searle (1976, 1975), Austin (1962), Mey (1993), Bach and Harmish (1979), and Levinson (1983). The result of the research is founded that the speaker uses indirect speech act is to convey the request to the hearer to do something in the future. Moreover they use indirect speech act which has two meanings such as literal meaning and non-literal meaning or indirect meaning. In other words, they use indirect speech act to avoid the hearer to get upset, feel bad, angry and for politeness. And, generally they use indirect speech act because they have recognized the matters they are uttering.


2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istvan Kecskes

This article discusses three claims of the Graded Salience Hypothesis presented in Rachel Giora’s book On our mind. It is argued that these claims may give second language researchers the chance to revise the way they think about word meaning, the literal meaning-figurative meaning dichotomy and the role of context in language processing. Giora’s arguments are related to recent second language research and their relevance is explained through examples. There are also several suggestions made for further research.


1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Cronk ◽  
Wendy A. Schweigert

ABSTRACTThe relationships among the familiarity of an idiom's figurative meaning, the likelihood of its literal meaning (literalness), and its usage were explored. Previous research has been inconsistent in supporting any one model of idiom comprehension, although certain factors have been found to affect reading times of sentences containing idioms. Consistent with this research, familiarity was found to have a significant effect on reading times for sentences containing idioms. A significant new finding is that literalness affects reading times. Additionally, it was found that familiarity and literalness exert interactive effects, suggesting a common underlying mechanism. The results are interpreted as supporting a model of idiom comprehension in which a single phrase processor simultaneously computes figurative and literal meanings of idioms.


Theoria ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROGER M. WHITE

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bungsu Keumala Sari ◽  
Amin Saragih ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin

The reserach dealt with Acehnese proverbs with the aims of this study were to (1) toinvestigate kinds of translation strategies in translating the Acehnese proverbs into Bahasa Indonesia, (2) to investigate Acehnese proverbs realized in its translationinto Bahasa Indonesia, (3) to describe the translation strategies applied in the ways they are. The research was conducted by using qualitative descriptive design. The data of this study were Acehnese proverbs and there were translated into Bahasa Indonesia by Hasjim M.K. at all (1977) taken from the book entitle “Peribahasa Aceh”. The results of this study showed that (1) There were three kinds of translation strategies in translating the Acehnese proverbs into Bahasa Indonesia namely exact equivalent, near equivalent, and literal meaning,  (2) In realization of Acehnese proverbs there were three ways in translating proverbs namely the words following the proverb could be introduced as the meaning of the proverb, it can be replaced with an equivalent local proverb, and its non-figurative meaning could be stated straight forwardly,  (3) In translating Acehnese proverbs, the translators need to know all aspects of cultural background of both languages.Key words: Translation, Strategies, Proverbs


FORUM ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-150
Author(s):  
Hyeon-ju Kim

Translation of metaphor presents both practical and theoretical problems. Within translation theory, metaphor has often been studied in terms of (un)translatability, which, in turn, has been treated as part of general (un)translatability. This paper examines representative views in this debate, which have been particularly vigorous in the journal Babel. The analysis focuses on three main issues at stake : the classification of metaphor, categories and their translatability, and the (un)translatability of metaphor. The analysis demonstrates that the conceptions of translation and metaphor constitute the pivotal point of the debate. Translation and metaphor have been understood as substitutive notions (A in place of B), according to which translation represents substitution of one linguistic unit by another and metaphor, a substitution of a literal meaning by a figurative meaning. A critical analysis of this conception shows that this static framework view has limitations when describing the dynamic processes of real language usage involving translation and metaphor.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
PUSPITA SARI ◽  
ANNE JULITZA LITBAGAY

The title of this research is ??Implicate in The Dialogue of 500 Days of Summer Movie by Marc Webb: Pragmatics Study??. The topic studied in this research is about implicature that is as a tool of meaning submission implicitly in an utterance. This research aims to identify and analyze types of implicature and levels of intended meaning that appear in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer movie. The method of this research is descriptive analysis method. The descriptive analysis method is a method that explains or describes an object research through analyzed data. The source of data used is taken from the dialog of 500 Days of Summer movie, derived from the website. The results of this research show that there are four types of implicature appear in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer and there are 30 data have been analyzed as implicatures. There are data as generalized conversational implicature, 2 data as scalar implicature, 19 data as particularized conversational implicature, and 8 data as conventional implicature. Besides that, the results show that the implicatures contain intended meanings that have been classified according    to the levels of intended meaning. There are 6 data as speaker??s literal meaning, 2 data as speaker??s occasion meaning, 13 data as the hint level, 6 data as the manipulation level, 2 data as the secret deception level, and one utterance as the subconscious or self-deception level. Therefore, it can be concluded that particularized conversational implicature is a dominant implicature and the hint level as a dominant level of intended meaning that appear in the dialog of 500 Days of Summer movie.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document