Why change the subject?

Target ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Johansson

This paper reports on a study of syntactic changes in alternative translations of a short story and a scientific article, each translated by a group of ten professional translators. The subject is kept in approximately nine cases out of ten, with a somewhat higher degree of change in the scientific article. Where changes occur, they can very often be traced to differences between the languages on the lexical or syntactic level, but absolute differences signalled by identical behaviour of a whole translator group are as good as non-existent. After more features have been studied, it may be possible to identify profiles for the individual translators—and the two translator groups—showing to what extent their choices are guided by adequacy in relation to the source text vs. acceptability in relation to the target language.

PMLA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juniper Ellis

In two contemporary Samoan works, Albert Wendt's short story “The Cross of Soot” (1974) and Sia Figiel's novel They Who Do Not Grieve (1999), tattooing produces and proclaims the psychological and social place of the tattoo bearer. The tattoo signals the splitting or doubling of subjectivity, a mechanism by which the individual human subject is produced continually and repeatedly. The Samoan tatau creates not only Samoan subjects but also the English word tattoo and the French tatouage. Wendt and Figiel treat the production and movement of the tattoo in the Pacific and the world; they thus invite a cross-cultural critique of Lacan's theories of subjectivity, which present the tattoo as constitutive of the subject. Whereas Lacan's tattoo is disembodied and nonlocalized, Wendt and Figiel account for the tattoo's material and corporeal effects, its origins in Oceania, and its function in inaugurating a collective Samoan subject. (JE)


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orest Tolochko ◽  

Topicality of the problem raised in this article is determined by insufficient representation of J. Barnes’ creative phenomenon, in particular his prose translation studies analysis, in the Ukrainian philological science. Complex nature of the postmodern belles-lettres discourse elucidation has been conditioned by its intertextuality and genre heterogeneity of its text parts. Non-linear narration together with the intricate combination of discourse samples belonging to various genres and styles in the text framework. Thus, the realistic illusion is made by means of its consideration from the psycholinguistic point. The latter concerns conceptual opposition emphasis as well the separate units stressing. An illusion is also made of the discourse parts reference to different psycho-emotional dominants; the latter generates the text versatility interpretations. In the analyzed work of fiction inversion (in combination with other stylistic means) performs semantic (plot-forming) and stylistic (expressive and pragmatic) functions. Inverted word order with an emphatic do is used for the subject elements emphasis; the negative inverted statements intend to intensify certain semantic components stressing in micro- and macrocontextual structure; inverted sentences with an introductory there were applied to emphasize and describe the depicted world picture components as the personages’ psycho-emotional state indicators. The final analyzed sample provides a vivid example of the above. The emotive colouring has been achieved by actualizing expressive means belonging to different language levels; especially frequent is the use rhetoric questions and statements. The key feature of the translated text has been focused on rendering the functional and stylistic parameters of the source text into the target language. The compensatory means applied in the target text comprise inherent and adherent expressive elements of different language levels, punctuating marks intending to convey the belles-lettres text melodic sounding, and lexical units belonging to various registers.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWEJ for Translation & Literary Studies ◽  
Mohsine Khazrouni

The present study aims to highlight the importance of adaptation in translation. To convey the message, translators need to take into account not only the text, but also extra linguistic factors such as the target audience. The present paper claims that adaptation is an unavoidable translation strategy when dealing with texts that are heavy with religious and cultural themes. The translation task becomes even more challenging when dealing with children’s literature as the audience is children whose comprehension, experience and world knowledge is limited. The study uses the Arabic translation of the short story “Christmas Every Day” by William Dean Howells (1837- 1920) as a case study. The short story will be translated and the pragmatic problems involved will be discussed. The focus will be on the issue of adaptation. i.e., the source text should be adapted to the target language audience`s social and cultural environment.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Eka Yunita Liambo

<p class="Abstract">ABSTRACT</p><p class="IsiAbstrakabstractcontent"><em>The process of meaning realization to the target language may involve the change of meaning. This change leads to the variation of meaning depth, breadth, and height. This is caused by the differences of linguistic features between the target language and source language. Therefore, the difficulties of finding equivalent words in target language may force translators to use other words which do not have the exactly similar meaning. However, this becomes a phenomenon in translation studies. This research aims to know the variation of interpersonal meaning breadth of a bilingual text. The primary data of this research is the sentences of first bilingual text taken from Seribu Kunang-Kunang di Manhattan translated into A Thousand Fireflies in Manhattan. There were 281 sentences are analysed. The result shows that those sentences found to have different variations. The most frequently variations found in this short story are the first variations in which element functions in the source text and target text have one difference. First variation has 28,82% then followed by zero variation  with 23,48%. Whereas other sentences is classified as the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth variation of interpersonal meaning breadth with percentage of 18,14%, 4,62%, 3,20%, 14,23% and 7,47%. These variations occurring in the first bilingual text Seribu Kunang-Kunang di Manhattan translated into A Thousand Fireflies in Manhattan seems to be done to maintain the correspondence in the target language.</em></p><strong>Keywords: </strong>bilingual, breadth meaning, interpersonal, translation, variation of meaning,


Author(s):  
Daria Lazareva

The scientific article draws attention to the subject of the right to liberty and security of person and its place in the science of legal law. The content of this right in terms of its components is also studied. Particular attention is paid to the structure of the right to liberty and security of person, namely: the division into two independent structural elements: the right to liberty and the right to personal integrity. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights is studied through the prism of guarantees of the right to liberty and security of person contained in Art. 5 of the Convention. Freedom and personal inviolability are personal human rights, which in the theory of legal and philosophical thought are defined as natural rights that belong from birth and, according to the generally accepted classification, belong to the first generation of (civil and political) human rights. The right to liberty and security of person is a fundamental right of every person and citizen, inalienable and personal, and belongs to the list of natural rights and is perceived by civil society through the prism of the theory of natural law, which has existed for several centuries. The article forms a certain position on the approach to the study of the right to liberty and security of person, its structural elements, it is important to follow a systematic approach, to consider this right as a set of interrelated elements on the principles of integrity, structure, plurality and equality. «Freedom» and «personal inviolability», which in close cooperation form a single complex. These categories should be considered the subject of the right to personal inviolability in the narrow sense, but the freedom of the individual from unlawful encroachment on property, honor, dignity, from unauthorized interference in private and family life is the subject of the right in the broadest sense.


Author(s):  
Svitlana Maslova

The choice of an essay as the object of analysis presents significant difficulties for the researcher, since even the definition of the genre in the theory of literature is still not set; there is no integral concept of the genre, the views of literary scholars on essays are extremely contradictory. Unlike existing theoretical and practical studies on various literary genres, the essay seems to be an insufficiently studied object of analysis in the linguistic and translation perspectives, which determines the relevance of the paper. The objective of the study is to determine the features of the translation of a publicist essay on the example of the translation of the literary work of I. Brodsky “Reflection on a Spawn of Hell” from Russian into English. To achieve this objective, the following tasks are to be solved: 1) to identify the main stylistic features of the essay by I. Brodsky; 2) to determine the specifics of its translation into English. The dominant function of the essay is the influencing one. It is implemented by referring to the emotional-figurative way of the addressee’s perception of the world. The stylistic features of I. Brodsky’s publicist essay, characterizing it as a resource of stylistic expressiveness, fully agree with the influencing function of the type of the text under study: syntactic constructions with inverted word order, rhetorical questions, quotations, complex sentences with a number of homogeneous members, elliptical constructions, gradation, stylistically coloured vocabulary, a combination of stylistically reduced and colloquial vocabulary aimed at achieving maximum expressiveness. The translator renders the stylistic features of the source text by selecting functional analogues in the target language. Difficulties arise when reproducing the cultural realities of the original linguistic culture. The appellative type of the text, which an essay is, requires significant linguocultural adaptation of the realities of the source language to the socio-cultural background of the target language. The translation under study tends to reproduce only the outer shell of definite lexemes and phrases, which are bearers of factual information and have a significant pragmatic potential in the original text. Despite the complexity and cultural richness of the text itself, with its specific words and conceptual system, the translator does not fully pragmatically adapt the significant elements of the source text, which affects the adequacy of its translation. In our opinion, translation errors prevent reproduction of the author’s communicative intentions in full. We consider the prospects for further developments in the expansion of research materials in order to obtain general conclusions regarding the peculiarities of the translation of an essay as a genre and the specifics of rendering the individual author’s style in translation.


Author(s):  
Елена Викторовна Иванова ◽  
Екатерина Владимировна Оботнина ◽  
Марина Юрьевна Евпак

Введение. Проанализированы способы передачи стилистической конвергенции при переводе с русского языка на английский. Явление конвергенции стилистических приемов недостаточно подробно изучено ни стилистикой с точки зрения ее языковой реализации, ни переводоведением в плане передачи в переводе всего объема семантической, стилистической и прагматической информации, транслируемой автором с использованием указанного феномена. В научных исследованиях нередко рассматривается проблема передачи того или иного стилистического приема, но не их совокупности, что, несомненно, усложняет работу переводчика. Постановка такой проблемы в рамках данного исследования необходима для определения наиболее эффективной переводческой стратегии передачи конвергенции стилистических приемов в тексте перевода. Цель статьи – выявить и проанализировать способы передачи конвергенции стилистических приемов с языка-источника на язык перевода в плане сохранения ее прагматической функции. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужил роман Л. Толстого «Анна Каренина» и его перевод на английский язык, выполненный Маргарет Ветлин и опубликованный изданием Progress Publishers в 1978 г. Объектом исследования является конвергенция стилистических приемов, предметом – способы ее передачи с русского языка на английский. В работе нашли применение общенаучные и лингвистические методы исследования, в том числе описательный и сравнительно-сопоставительный. Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлено, что полное сохранение конвергенции в переводе встречается редко в силу лексических и структурных особенностей двух языков. Из 70 выявленных единиц текста 24 % составляют те, в которых стилистическая конвергенция была полностью сохранена при переводе. Передача стилистической конвергенции методом замещения или добавления некоторых ее элементов при переводе также встречается довольно редко (12 и 17 % соответственно). Наиболее частотным является способ передачи стилистической конвергенции с опущением при переводе тех или иных стилистических приемов оригинала (47 %). Что касается прагматических функций стилистической конвергенции, то они, в большинстве своем, сохраняются при переводе, при этом усиливая или, наоборот, ослабляя стилистический эффект текста оригинала. Заключение. В работе дан краткий обзор истории изучения явления стилистической конвергенции и приведены основные определения данного феномена. В ходе анализа материала исследования рассмотрены стилистические приемы, формирующие стилистическую конвергенцию в художественном тексте, проведен сопоставительный анализ текстовых единиц с применением конвергенции стилистических приемов в тексте оригинала и тексте перевода, выявлены наиболее частотные способы передачи стилистической конвергенции с русского языка на английский. Кроме того, проанализированы прагматические функции стилистической конвергенции и рассмотрены возможности их сохранения при переводе. Introduction. This article carries out the analysis of the ways the stylistic convergence is rendered from Russian into English. The phenomenon of convergence has been thoroughly studied neither by the stylistics as far as its speech implementation is concerned, nor by the theory of translation taking into account all the semantic, stylistic and pragmatic information expressed by the author by means of convergence that needs to be rendered in translation. Quite often, scientific research studies the problem of transferring a particular stylistic device rather than their converged group which obviously complicates the translator’s work. The problem thus stated is aimed at revealing the most effective translation strategy for rendering the stylistic convergence in the target text. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to single out and analyze the ways the convergence of stylistic means is rendered from the source language into the target language maintaining its pragmatic function. Material and methods. The material for the study is the novel “Anna Karenina“ by L. Tolstoy and its translation in English by Margaret Wettlin published by Progress Publishers in 1978. The object of the research is convergence of stylistic means, the subject is the ways of its transference from Russian into English. The basis of the methodology lies in the scientific and linguistic methods including the descriptive and comparative ones. Results and discussion. The research has shown that the complete transference of the convergence is rather rare due to the lexical and structural peculiarities of the two languages. Having analyzed 70 text units we have come to the conclusion that 24 % of them are those in which the stylistic convergence is preserved in the target text. The stylistic convergence is rendered by substituting or adding some of its components in 12 % and 17 % of units respectively. The most frequent (47 %) are the cases when some of the converged stylistic means of the source text are omitted in translation. As for the pragmatic functions of the stylistic convergence, they are in most cases retained in the target text enhancing or, on the contrary, weakening the stylistic effect of the original text. Conclusion. The article gives a short historical overview of studying stylistic convergence and covers its main interpretations. The analysis of the research material includes the study of stylistic means that form the stylistic convergence in the literary text, the comparative analysis of the text units containing the stylistic convergence both in the source text and in the target text. We revealed the most frequent ways of rendering the stylistic convergence from Russian into English. In addition, we analyzed the pragmatic functions of the stylistic convergence as well as the ways they can be retained in translation.


Target ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-306
Author(s):  
Sergio Lobejón Santos ◽  
Francis Jones

Abstract This study examines how creative solutions to translation problems are negotiated and selected in ‘poettrios’ (teams consisting of a source poet, a target-language poet and a bilingual language mediator working from pre-prepared, literal translation drafts of poems), and compares creativity in this mode to that in solo poetry translating (Jones 2011). The interactions and outputs taken from real-time recordings, work-in-progress drafts and participant interviews from several poettrios translating original poems from English into Dutch and from Dutch into English in two workshops were coded and analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that creativity in poetry translating is an eminently cognitive activity in which creative solutions typically emerge through the incremental contributions of the complementary expertises of the individual poettrio members, with occasional radical leaps. In this incremental scaffolding process, and similarly to solo translating, poettrios first consider non-creative options, then creative adjustments and, finally, creative transformations. Radical solutions are generally only accepted when a departure from the source-text surface meaning is deemed necessary to achieve the double aim of retaining the source poem’s message while producing an acceptable poem in the target culture (Holmes 1988).


Author(s):  
Georgy T. Khukhuni ◽  
Irina I. Valuitseva ◽  
Anna A. Osipova

Variation is one of the most commonly used concepts in translatology. To one degree or another, it becomes obvious in an interlingual transfer of texts of various genres; however, first of all, one has to deal with it when translating pieces of fiction (broadly speaking). This becomes especially evident in cases when one and the same source text has several versions in another language (or in other languages). First of all, this applies to the Bible, which surpasses other literary masterpieces in the number of existing translations into different languages and also has the longest tradition of interlingual transfers. Such fact determines the relevance of the subject of this article. Despite a large number of studies on various aspects of the Holy Writ translations, a number of issues related to their variation cannot be considered fully investigated, which makes it possible to speak of the scientific novelty of this article. A few fragments of the versions created in different languages were used as the material for this research, and the method of comparative analysis was applied for their study. The research results lead to the following conclusions: a) the variation in different translations of the selected fragments may be caused by both objective and subjective factors; b) the availability of the so-called unclarities in the source text, which allow for different interpretations, leads to significant differences in their representation in the target language; c) the aiming for pragmatic adaptation of the content for a foreign cultural audience in a number of cases entails the replacement of realities, sometimes distorting the actualness shown in the original text; d) modern translations may reflect issues related to political correctness, an inclusive language, etc., which do not always correspond to the ideology of the source text.


Author(s):  
Priscila Seabra Aliança

Resumo: Este estudo tece algumas teorizações acerca do trabalho com a escrita de si no contexto do ensino de Língua Inglesa na Educação Básica, inscrevendo-se no âmbito da Pesquisa (Auto)Biográfica em Educação. Essa denominação reúne “o conjunto de pesquisas que recorrem a fontes biográficas e autobiográficas em Educação” (PASSEGGI, 2011, p. 15). Pela sua natureza (re)criadora, a linguagem nos constitui enquanto sujeitos. Um dos desafios do ensino de línguas estrangeiras na Educação Básica reside em compreender essa propriedade da linguagem a ponto de proporcionar aos estudantes oportunidades de se constituírem como sujeitos por meio da língua-alvo. Passeggi (2011) explicita três princípios inerentes à Pesquisa (Auto)Biográfica. O primeiro é a “construção da realidade mediante a linguagem pelo sujeito e/ou pelo grupo” (p. 20). O segundo “focaliza a linguagem como mediadora da construção da historicidade do sujeito” (p. 21). O terceiro princípio caracteriza a Pesquisa (Auto)Biográfica como um posicionamento epistemológico, e não apenas uma episteme, posto que ela se volta para a integralidade do sujeito – ciente de que aquilo que o sujeito é ou deixa de ser está necessariamente mediado e construído por sistemas simbólicos estabelecidos socialmente. Analisam-se aqui produções textuais de duas turmas de primeiro ano do ensino médio técnico integrado (no curso de Técnico em Informática) do IFRN. A análise detém-se em três elementos presentes nos escritos: a subjetividade, a intersubjetividade e a escrita do cotidiano. Palavras-chave: Escrita de si. Letramento. Ensino de Língua inglesa. SELF WRITING: FROM THE STUDENT’S TEXT TO THE STUDENT WITHIN THE TEXT Abstract: This study elaborates a few theories about the self writing in the context of teaching English as a foreign language, according to the principles of the (Auto)Biographical Research in Education. This expression entitles "the body of research that use biographical and autobiographical sources in Education" (PASSEGGI, 2011, p. 15). Because it (re)creates reality, language constitutes us as subjects. One of the challenges of teaching foreign languages lies in understanding this property of language as to give students opportunities to constitute themselves as subjects through the target language. Passeggi (2011) explains three principles inherent to the (Auto)Biographical Research. The first one is the "construction of reality through language by the individual and/or group" (p. 20). The second "focuses on language as a mediator of the construction of the historicity of the subject" (p.21). The third principle characterizes (Auto)Biographical Research as an epistemological position, and not just an episteme, since it turns to the wholeness of the subject – being aware that whatever the subject is (or is not) is mediated and constructed by socially established symbolic systems. We analyze here the textual productions of two different groups in the freshman year of a professional high school course (Computer Technician) at IFRN. The analysis delves into three elements present in the writings: subjectivity, intersubjectivity and writing of their daily lives. Keywords: Self writing. Literacy. English Language Teaching. 


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