Text Composition in a Second Language

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Arina Byrdina ◽  
Korrie van Helvert
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Text Representation ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Reverse Transfer ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
Proficiency Levels ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

We investigated the influence of the language of writing (L1 versus L2) and the condition of writing (direct writing vs. writing via translation) on generic (obligatory and compositional) elements and discourse patterns (idea units and speech act functions) of texts composed by L2 writers with different proficiency levels in L2. The novelty of this investigation is the pragmalinguistic analysis of the texts produced by L2 writers. In our analysis, we concentrate on higher levels of text representation. The texts composed by L2 writers are advertisements of products and services. To avoid as much as possible an exercise- and educational effect, we had to find a task that for all participants would be novel but realistic, motivating, and feasible. Writing an advertisement seemed to fulfil these requirements best. A total number of 20 participants engaged in the data collection procedure, ten of whom were short-residence beginners and ten were long-residence advanced L2 users. Each participant was asked to write three advertisements in the following order of conditions: Directly in Dutch (L2d-text); Directly in Russian (Lid-text) and Translation from Russian into Dutch (L2t-text). We did not look for "reverse" transfer explicitly. However, some evidence was found for a reverse transfer hypothesis in our data, especially for the long-residence group. The results of our study show that advanced L2 writers produced direct Russian texts (Lid-text) with higher total numbers on all analyzed elements than beginning L2 writers. Their texts consist of more idea units and contain a greater variety of speech act functions.Another tendency is that long-residence L2 writers elaborate more in the direct L2 condition than in the L2 translation condition. This finding contradicts the results of the study by Kobayashi (1984), which is surprising because L2 writers elaborate most in the condition in which they had to combine cognitive higher-order processing with lower level grammatical and lexical processing during writing.

TINDAK TUTUR DALAM FILM “SURAT KECIL UNTUK TUHAN” KARYA HARRIS NIZAM: SEBUAH TINJAUAN PRAGMATIK DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA

EDUKASI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Small Letter ◽  
The Unified Method ◽  
Data Collection Procedure ◽  
Unified Method

The background of this research is speech act as one important aspect in achieving a desired outcome by the speaker to the hearer. This research aimed to determine the use of locution, illocution, perlocution, in the movie “Small Letter to God” by Harris Nizam. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. Data collection procedure in this study refers to the method to obtain data on the use of language by listening, and implication af speech act against Indonesian language learning at school. Basic techniques in this method are tapping and recording. Data were analyzed using the unified method. The techniques used are referential techniques to describe speech act conversations in the film, and pragmatic techniques to explain the speech acts and intentions of speakers based on speech act theory. This research conclude as follows: (1) in the film of  “Small Letter to God” by Harris Nizam dominating by locution act; (2) speech act illocution found in film consisting of speech act of illocution are representative, directive, komisive, and expressive. The act of illocution speech act was not found in this film; (3) a speech perlocution also found in film conversation. Beside that speech act consisting of locution, illocution perlocution also found in  “Small Letter to God” by Harris Nizam; (4) the findings speech act should be used by teachers in teaching Indonesia language  communicatively  related to pragmatic  topic. Keywords:  Speech Act, Locution, Ilocution, Perlocution, Film.

scholarly journals SPEECH ACTS ANALYSIS IN COLLEGE DISCOURSE AT THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MATARAM IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fauzi Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
English Department ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Perlocutionary Act ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

In expressing something, speakers showed an action. This action could make the listeners easier to know what the speakers intended to. This is called speech act. The purpose of this research was to analyze the types of speech act used in college discourse at the English departement of Muhammadiyah University of Mataram. The researcher used those speeches as the data. The researcher took 14 students of English departement at Muhammadiyah University of Mataram as the participants. Observation was used as the data collection procedure. The result of research revealed that the aspects of speech act used at the college discourse analyzed by the researcher were: locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. From those three aspects analyzed by the researcher, illocutionary act was the most often used in college discourse at the English departement of Muhammadiyah University of Mataram.

scholarly journals Brain stimulation used as biofeedback in neuronal activation of the temporal lobe area in autistic children

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 632-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Furtado da Silva ◽  
Mauricio Rocha Calomeni ◽  
Rodolfo Alkmim Moreira Nunes ◽  
Carlos Elias Pimentel ◽  
Gabriela Paes Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

ABSTRACT This study focused upon the functional capacity of mirror neurons in autistic children. 30 individuals, 10 carriers of the autistic syndrome (GCA), 10 with intellectual impairments (GDI), and 10 non-autistics (GCN) had registered eletroencephalogram from the brain area theoretically related to mirror neurons. Data collection procedure occurred prior to brain stimulation and after the stimulation session. During the second session, participants had to alternately process figures evoking neutral, happy, and/or sorrowful feelings. Results proved that, for all groups, the stimulation process in fact produced additional activation in the neural area under study. The level of activation was related to the format of emotional stimuli and the likelihood of boosting such stimuli. Since the increase of activation occurred in a model similar to the one observed for the control group, we may suggest that the difficulty people with autism have at expressing emotions is not due to nonexistence of mirror neurons.

The novel guanylyl cyclase MsGC-I is strongly expressed in higher-order neuropils in the brain of Manduca sexta

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nighorn ◽  
P.J. Simpson ◽  
D.B. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
Guanylyl Cyclases ◽  
The Brain

Guanylyl cyclases are usually characterized as being either soluble (sGCs) or receptor (rGCs). We have recently cloned a novel guanylyl cyclase, MsGC-I, from the developing nervous system of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta that cannot be classified as either an sGC or an rGC. MsGC-I shows highest sequence identity with receptor guanylyl cyclases throughout its catalytic and dimerization domains, but does not contain the ligand-binding, transmembrane or kinase-like domains characteristic of receptor guanylyl cyclases. In addition, MsGC-I contains a C-terminal extension of 149 amino acid residues. In this paper, we report the expression of MsGC-I in the adult. Northern blots show that it is expressed preferentially in the nervous system, with high levels in the pharate adult brain and antennae. In the antennae, immunohistochemical analyses show that it is expressed in the cell bodies and dendrites, but not axons, of olfactory receptor neurons. In the brain, it is expressed in a variety of sensory neuropils including the antennal and optic lobes. It is also expressed in structures involved in higher-order processing including the mushroom bodies and central complex. This complicated expression pattern suggests that this novel guanylyl cyclase plays an important role in mediating cyclic GMP levels in the nervous system of Manduca sexta.

scholarly journals Speech Acts in the Facebook Status Updates Posted by an Apostate

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azweed Mohamad ◽  
Radzuwan Ab Rashid ◽  
Kamariah Yunus ◽  
Shireena Basree Abdul Rahman ◽  
Saadiyah Darus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Collection Period ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Made In

This paper discusses the speech acts in Facebook Status Updates posted by an apostate of Islam. The Facebook Timeline was observed for a duration of two years (January 2015 to December 2016). More than 4000 postings were made in the data collection period. However, only 648 postings are related to apostasy. The data were classified according to the types of speech acts. Expressive speech act is the most frequent speech act (33%, n=215), followed by the directive (27%, n=177), assertive (22%, n=141), and commissive (18%, n=115), respectively. Based on the speech acts used, it is discernible that the apostate attempts to engage other Facebook users and persuade them into accepting her ideology while gaining their support. This paper is novel in the sense that it puts forth the social actions of an apostate which is very scarce in literature. It is also methodologically innovative as it uses social media postings as a tool to explore the apostate’s social actions in an online space.

Investigating Children’s Perception of Nurses Through Their Drawings

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 984-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazan Çakirer Çalbayram ◽  
Sebahat Altundağ ◽  
Bahise Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Data Collection Form ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Important Sign ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

Hospitalized children can have various fantasies about hospital, health staff, and related tools and equipment. They need to develop new coping strategies for compliance with hospitalization.This study aimed to investigate the perception of nurses by children with acute and chronic illness through their drawings. The study was carried out using a descriptive research model. “Nurses through the eyes of sick children data collection form” was used in data collection procedure. The instruction “draw a picture of a nurse, please” was used to get the children to draw a picture. The majority of the children portrayed nurses as a smiling face. The children with chronic diseases featured nurses more in their drawings and they mentioned more nurse duties. The most important sign of the progression of nursing is that the mentioning of the modern roles of nursing by the children in their drawings and expressions. As children are influenced by their emotions, thoughts, observations, and experiences while drawing pictures, nurses can determine their thoughts about the disease, hospitals, physicians, and nurses by having sick children draw pictures.

Mentoring University Preparatory Students Through World Englishes (WEs)-Integrated Courses

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Ahmet Cihat Kapçık ◽  
Ali Öztüfekçi ◽  
Aybüke Demet Ören ◽  
Ayten Kaplan ◽  
Çiğdem Yılmaz Uzunkaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Native English Speakers ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
The World ◽  
Expanding Circle ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

The increasing number of non-native English speakers in the world has led to the use of varieties of English. Nowadays, the number of speakers of English in the expanding circle has exceeded the number of speakers in the outer and inner circles. This has given rise to the scrutiny of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). With this regard, the research on World Englishes (WEs) has increased over the last few decades. In light of these observations, the purpose of this chapter is to raise awareness of World Englishes (WEs) among preparatory students at private universities in Turkey. Specifically, the study is concerned with mentoring preparatory students through Wes-integrated courses. The participants of this study were 20 preparatory students at A2-level English proficiency. As data collection procedure, the mentor teacher of the existing program adapted EFL materials including videos, dialogues, and integrated four language skills. The data were collected through questionnaires and reflective essays. With regard to the results, the students had an idea about the concept of Wes, and they became aware of the varieties of English to some extent; specifically, they displayed consciousness about the status of English across the world and sympathy toward WEs.

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