scholarly journals Brain stimulation used as biofeedback in neuronal activation of the temporal lobe area in autistic children

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 632-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon Furtado da Silva ◽  
Mauricio Rocha Calomeni ◽  
Rodolfo Alkmim Moreira Nunes ◽  
Carlos Elias Pimentel ◽  
Gabriela Paes Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

ABSTRACT This study focused upon the functional capacity of mirror neurons in autistic children. 30 individuals, 10 carriers of the autistic syndrome (GCA), 10 with intellectual impairments (GDI), and 10 non-autistics (GCN) had registered eletroencephalogram from the brain area theoretically related to mirror neurons. Data collection procedure occurred prior to brain stimulation and after the stimulation session. During the second session, participants had to alternately process figures evoking neutral, happy, and/or sorrowful feelings. Results proved that, for all groups, the stimulation process in fact produced additional activation in the neural area under study. The level of activation was related to the format of emotional stimuli and the likelihood of boosting such stimuli. Since the increase of activation occurred in a model similar to the one observed for the control group, we may suggest that the difficulty people with autism have at expressing emotions is not due to nonexistence of mirror neurons.

scholarly journals Cortical activation in alexithymia as a response to emotional stimuli

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasse Karlsson ◽  
Petri Näätänen ◽  
Hanna Stenman
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
The Brain

BackgroundAlexithymia has been shown to be related to many psychiatric and somatic illnesses. Aberrant emotion processing in the brain may underlie several psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about the neurobiological underpinnings of alexithymia.AimsTo determine the way in which the brain processes emotion in alexithymia.MethodThe participants were 10 healthy women with alexithymia and 11 healthy women without this condition, recruited into the study on the basis of their scores on the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Four films were projected on a video screen to induce each of three emotional conditions (neutral, amusement, sadness). The brain areas activated during emotional stimuli in the alexithymia group were compared with those activated in the non-alexithymia group. Scans of the distribution of [15O]H2O were acquired using a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner operated in three-dimensional mode.ResultsIn response to emotional stimuli participants with alexithymia activated more parts of their sensory and motor cortices and insula, especially on the left side, and less of their anterior cingulate, compared with the control group.ConclusionsWomen with alexithymia seem to over-activate their ‘bodily’ brain regions, implying a different mode of emotion processing. This may be related to their tendency to experience physical symptoms.

scholarly journals The method of meningostomy and its application in the study of the brain in animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 820-821
Author(s):  
A. I. Smirnov ◽  
P. D. Olefirenko
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surgical Methods ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gain Access

All surgical methods used in the study of the brain in animals can be combined into two groups: 1) methods of direct and indirect shutdown of a particular part of the brain and 2) methods of non-mediocre brain stimulation by electric current or by mechanical, chemical or thermal effects. In the hands of different experimenters, depending on the goals and objects of research, these basic methods varied to one degree or another. All modifications were aimed at, on the one hand, to avoid brain injuries during trepanation as much as possible, and on the other hand, to gain access to the cerebral cortex without exposing it at the time of the observation itself. As can be judged from the literature collected from E. Abderhalden in Handbuch der biolog. Arbeitsmethoden to a certain extent this has already been achieved.

STUDENT RESPONSES IN LEARNING INQUIRY MODEL INTEGRATING ARCS MOTIVATION STRATEGY ON ACID-BASE MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Maria Benedikta Tukan ◽  
Faderina Komisia
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Motivation Strategy ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

The purpose of this research was to describe the response of grade XI students of SMAK Saint Carolus Kupang in the learning that integrated the ARCS motivation strategy in the inquiry model on the acid-base materials. This type of research is quasy experiment design. This research was conducted at SMAK Saint Carolus Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. The design of this research using Nonequivalen Control Group Design. The instrument in this research is using student response questionnaire. The data collection procedure in this research is questionnaire. The result of his research is that the students' responses in learning that integrate ARCS motivation strategy in inquiry model is good.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCED ENGLISH TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE FULFILLMENT OF ONE-PAGE LESSON PLAN PRINCIPLES AT SMAN 1 SINGARAJA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Putu Agus Januarta ◽  
Lokita Purnamika Utami ◽  
Ida Ayu Made Istri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The One ◽  
Teachers Perspectives ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

Abstract: This research aims at analyzing the experienced English teachers’ perspectives on the fulfillment of one-page lesson plan principles at SMAN 1 Singaraja. The research design used a case study qualitative approach. The research subjects were 2 experienced English teachers. The data collection procedure used in this study was an in-depth interview. The instruments of data collection procedure used was interview guides. The results revealed that the experienced English teachers’ perspectives were positive as the teachers believed that the one-page lesson plan was more efficient, effective, and more student-oriented so that the teachers could make simple lesson plan easily. These results showed that the principles of developing the one-page lesson plan have been implemented well based on the Circular Letter Number 14 of 2019 concerning Simplification of the Lesson Plan. Besides, the policy on the simplification of lesson plan needs to be maintained as it gains positive responses from the experienced English teachers. Keywords: perspectives, one-page lesson plan princples, experienced teachers Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perspektif guru bahasa Inggris berpengalaman tentang pemenuhan prinsip RPP satu halaman di SMAN 1 Singaraja. Desain penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus. Subjek penelitian adalah 2 orang guru bahasa Inggris yang berpengalaman. Prosedur pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam. Instrumen prosedur pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pedoman wawancara. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa perspektif guru bahasa Inggris yang berpengalaman adalah positif karena guru tersebut meyakini bahwa RPP satu halaman lebih efisien, efektif, dan lebih berorientasi pada siswa sehingga guru tersebut dapat membuat RPP yang sederhana dengan mudah. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa prinsip-prinsip penyusunan RPP satu halaman telah dilaksanakan dengan baik sesuai dengan Surat Edaran Nomor 14 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyederhanaan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). Selain itu, kebijakan penyederhanaan RPP ini perlu dipertahankan karena mendapat respon positif dari para guru bahasa Inggris yang berpengalaman. Kata Kunci: perspektif, prinsip RPP satu halaman, guru berpengalaman

How does Brain Matter? The Case of Dignified Mind and Law

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Legal Domain ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Active Brain Area

<p>What does the brain mean in a legal domain and how the integration of neuroscience and law goes beyond the practical difficulties highlighted by the social scientists and legal theorists? On the one hand, the legal theorists took it as a conceptual error and on the other hand, advocates of neurosciences took it as a promising emerging field of integration. Some scholars took an alternative route considering it as a fascinating element of scientific discourse. The present article aims to show that the coming of “brain language” in comparison to the other forensic languages in the everyday legal discourse is not going to become a reality, as truth inferred through the everyday experiences and the interpretations of scientific knowledge by the judges. Scientific knowledge through the mapping of active brain area by the available brain visualising techniques shows the correlation between brain and behaviour and not the causation. So its use in the legal domain seems less institutionalised, showing the determinism of the brain as less authentic in itself when compared with the intuitive path embedded in the culture and history. </p> <p><b><i> </i></b></p>

scholarly journals Characterizing the Dynamical Complexity underlying Meditation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anira Escrichs ◽  
Ana Sanjuan ◽  
Selen Atasoy ◽  
Ane López-González ◽  
César Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dynamical Regime ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Dynamical Complexity ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time

AbstractOver the past 2,500 years, contemplative traditions have explored the nature of the mind using meditation. More recently, neuroimaging research on meditation has revealed differences in brain function and structure in meditators. Nevertheless, the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. In order to understand how meditation shapes global activity through the brain, we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics across the whole-brain functional network using the Intrinsic Ignition Framework. Recent neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that different states of consciousness differ in their underlying dynamical complexity, i.e., how the broadness of communication is elicited and distributed through the brain over time and space. In this work, controls and experienced meditators were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during resting-state and meditation (focused attention on breathing). Our results evidenced that the dynamical complexity underlying meditation shows less complexity than during resting-state in the meditator group but not in the control group. Furthermore, we report that during resting-state, the brain activity of experienced meditators showed higher metastability (i.e., a wider dynamical regime over time) than the one observed in the control group. Overall, these results indicate that the meditation state operates in a different dynamical regime than the resting-state.

scholarly journals Magnetic Temporal Interference For Noninvasive, High-resolution, and Localized Deep Brain Stimulation: Concept Validation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Zaeimbashi ◽  
Adam Khalifa ◽  
Cunzheng Dong ◽  
Yuyi Wei ◽  
Sydney Cash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Brain

AbstractNon-invasive deep brain stimulation has been a major challenge in the field of neuroscience and brain stimulation in the past three decades. Current brain stimulation technologies suffer from such hurdles as the inability to do deep brain stimulation, poor spatial resolution, and invasiveness. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) technique, for instance, cannot target brain regions deeper than ∼2cm and has a poor spatial resolution, impacting a large area of the peripheral region and leading to various side effects. Implantable electrodes, even though effective for deep brain stimulation, are invasive and carry various drawbacks related to the surgery and site infection. In this paper, we propose a new concept that relies on temporal interference of two high- frequency magnetic fields generated by two electromagnetic coils. The neural system does not respond to each of these high-frequency magnetic fields alone because of the intrinsic low-pass filtering properties of the neural membrane. The peripheral areas of the brain are impacted only by the high-frequency magnetic fields that cannot stimulate the nerves, while the deep brain area where the two fields interfere experiences a magnetic field that contains a low-frequency envelope and therefore the nerves can be stimulated. This technique can noninvasively focus a magnetic or electric beam at any depth inside the brain with a high resolution, without impacting the peripheral regions.

How does Brain Matter? The Case of Dignified Mind and Law

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Legal Domain ◽  
The One ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Active Brain Area

<p>What does the brain mean in a legal domain and how the integration of neuroscience and law goes beyond the practical difficulties highlighted by the social scientists and legal theorists? On the one hand, the legal theorists took it as a conceptual error and on the other hand, advocates of neurosciences took it as a promising emerging field of integration. Some scholars took an alternative route considering it as a fascinating element of scientific discourse. The present article aims to show that the coming of “brain language” in comparison to the other forensic languages in the everyday legal discourse is not going to become a reality, as truth inferred through the everyday experiences and the interpretations of scientific knowledge by the judges. Scientific knowledge through the mapping of active brain area by the available brain visualising techniques shows the correlation between brain and behaviour and not the causation. So its use in the legal domain seems less institutionalised, showing the determinism of the brain as less authentic in itself when compared with the intuitive path embedded in the culture and history. </p> <p><b><i> </i></b></p>

scholarly journals STUDENT RESPONSES IN LEARNING INQUIRY MODEL INTEGRATING ARCS MOTIVATION STRATEGY ON ACID-BASE MATERIALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Maria Benedikta Tukan ◽  
Faderina Komisia
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Student Responses ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Motivation Strategy ◽  
Data Collection Procedure

The purpose of this research was to describe the response of grade XI students of SMAK Saint Carolus Kupang in the learning that integrated the ARCS motivation strategy in the inquiry model on the acid-base materials. This type of research is quasy experiment design. This research was conducted at SMAK Saint Carolus Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. The design of this research using Nonequivalen Control Group Design. The instrument in this research is using student response questionnaire. The data collection procedure in this research is questionnaire. The result of his research is that the students' responses in learning that integrate ARCS motivation strategy in inquiry model is good.

Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Jay Blaisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Central Nerve System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One ◽  
Nerve System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

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