De Ontwikkeling Van Productieve Nt2-Vaardigheden Van Franstalige Leerlingen In Het Nederlandstalige Onderwijs In Brussel

2005 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Janssens ◽  
Luk van Mensel ◽  
Alexis Housen ◽  
Michel Pierrard
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Atypical Form ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
Language Schools

In the officially bilingual Belgian capital Brussels, two independent education systems operate in parallel: a Dutch-language education system and a French-language education system. Pupils and parents can choose between both systems freely and independently of their home language background. Many Francophone parents prefer to enrol their children in Dutch-language schools in Brussels, because they believe this will stimulate their bilingual development. As a consequence of the massive inflow of French-speaking pupils in Dutch-language education in Brussels, an atypical form of education has emerged which we call "immersion-like education". In a previous cross-sectional study, the language skills of predominantly Dutch-speaking and predominantly French-speaking were tested. In this paper we will discuss the longitudinal development of Dutch L2 productive skills of native speakers of French across three consecutive school years. To assess their writing and speaking skills in their L2, predominantly French-speaking pupils were asked to write an informal letter to a friend, to write down arguments for and against a statement and to retell a wordless picture story. Based on these productions, three parameters were calculated: accuracy, complexity and fluency. In this paper, we describe the development of these parameters by means of repeated measures analyses of variance. We also discuss whether or not there is any relationship between these parameters. We ultimately address the question if this form of immersion-like education actually stimulates the development of bilingualism.

scholarly journals Taalvaardigheid, attitudes en motivatie van Nederlandstalige en Franstalige leerlingen in het Nederlandstalig onderwijs in Brussel

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Sonja Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Immersion Education ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
Language Schools

In Brussels, parents can freely choose to enrol their children in either Dutchor French language schools. In many cases, and increasingly so, Francophoneparents prefer the Durch language education system which they believe willprovide their children a bilingual learning experience. This influx of predominantlyFrench-speaking, as well as other non-Dutch-speaking pupils, hasresulted in a linguistically diverse, rather than a predominantly Dutch-speakingpupil population in Dutch language schools in Brussels. As a consequence,a form of non-structured immersion education has materialized,which tends to be perceived as problematic and even detrimental to the languagelearning process.Earlier cross-sectional research into the language proficiency, attitudes andmotivations of Dutch and French-speaking pupils in Dutch language schoolsin Brussels (Housen, Mettewie & Pierrard 2004; Mettewie, 2004), has shownthat Dutch-speaking pupils have similar language proficiency levels, as well asattitudes and motivations, as their Flemish peers. It further demonstrated thatthe Dutch language or L2 proficiency of the French-speaking pupils equalsthe Dutch-speaking pupils' Dutch or L1 (1st language) proficiency in mostdomains of language proficiency. These French-speaking pupils in additiondisplayed more positive attitudes and srronger motivation towards the L2 (2ndlanguage) learning process.The current longitudinal research followed up on two cohorts of Dutchand French-speaking pupils during three consecutive school years (2001,2002 and 2003), in order to study the long-term development of their languageproficiencies, as well as their social-psychological orientation towardsFrench and Dutch. It also investigated the relationship between both theselatent constructs. The ultimate goal of this research is to determine to whatextent such a form of non-structured immersion education leads to bilingualproficiency, and how attitudes and motivation relate to this process in thelong term.

scholarly journals From Age 4 to 8, Children Become Increasingly Aware About Normative Situations for Adults to Consume Alcohol

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Voogt ◽  
Koen Smit ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Roy Otten ◽  
Tessa Scheffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Frequent Drinking ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aims Limited cross-sectional studies have indicated that young children have some knowledge of the type of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. However, it is unclear when and how this knowledge develops over time. This study tests the hypothesis that between the ages of 4 and 8, children become more knowledgeable about common drinking situations (e.g. ‘partying’) and uncommon situations (e.g. ‘driving’). Methods Data of two independent samples were used: a cross-sectional study (parents) and a three-wave longitudinal study (children). Parents and children were recruited via a convenience and random sampling strategy, respectively. To identify common, ambivalent, and uncommon drinking situations, parents (N = 158; 47% men) completed an online survey in which they indicated how common it is that any adult would drink alcohol in the 18 situations of the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage (eABT). Children (N = 329; 48.9% boys) completed the Dutch eABT to assess their knowledge of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. Results General linear model repeated measures with post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that parents’ perceptions of common, ambivalent, and uncommon situations in which adults consume alcohol predicted the initial level and the change over time in children’s knowledge of adults’ alcohol use in these situations. Conclusions Children aged 4–8 become increasingly knowledgeable about drinking norms in specific situations which implies that they know in what kind of situation alcohol consumption is a common human behavior. This knowledge may put them at risk for early alcohol initiation and frequent drinking later in life.

scholarly journals Eustachian Tube Dysfunction and Wideband Absorbance Measurements at Tympanometric Peak Pressure and 0 daPa

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (09) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreedevi Aithal ◽  
Venkatesh Aithal ◽  
Joseph Kei ◽  
Shane Anderson ◽  
Simon Liebenberg
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tube Dysfunction

AbstractAlthough wideband absorbance (WBA) provides important information about middle ear function, there is limited research on the use of WBA to evaluate eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). To date, WBA obtained under pressurized condition has not been used to evaluate ETD.The objective of the study was to compare WBA at 0 daPa and tympanometric peak pressure (TPP) conditions in healthy ears and ears with ETD.A cross-sectional study design was used.A total of 102 healthy ears from 79 participants (mean age = 10.0 yr) and 43 ears from 32 patients with ETD (mean age = 16.0 yr) were included in this cross-sectional study. WBA was measured at 0 daPa (WBA0) and TPP WBA at TPP (WBATPP).WBA results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-tests with the Bonferroni correction. An analysis of variance with repeated measures was applied to the data.WBA0 was significantly lower in the ETD group than in the control group. The WBA0 of the control group demonstrated a broad peak between 1.25 and 4 kHz, whereas the WBA0 of the ETD group had a peak between 2.5 and 4 kHz. WBATPP of the ETD group approached values close to that of the control group. In the control group, WBATPP was only 0.06 to 0.09 higher than WBA0, whereas in the ETD group, WBATPP was 0.29 to 0.42 higher than WBA0 between 0.6 and 1.5 kHz. A differential pattern of WBA at TPP relative to 0 daPa was observed between ears with ETD and ears with otitis media with effusion (OME) and negative middle ear pressure (NMEP).Hence, a comparison of WBA0 and WBATPP can provide potentially useful diagnostic information, and hence can be used as an adjunct tool to evaluate ETD. This is important especially in young children or some adults who are unable to perform maneuvers such as Toynbee or Valsalva during ETD assessment. Further research is needed to verify the results using test performance measures to determine whether WBA0 and WBATPP can objectively determine the presence of ETD or OME with NMEP.

Repeatability of vessel density measurements of optical coherence tomography angiography in normal and glaucoma eyes

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayasree P Venugopal ◽  
Harsha L Rao ◽  
Robert N Weinreb ◽  
Zia S Pradhan ◽  
Srilakshmi Dasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Density Values

AimsTo compare the intrasession repeatability of peripapillary and macular vessel density measurements of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in normal and glaucoma eyes, and to evaluate the effect of signal strength of OCTA scans on the repeatability.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, three optic nerve head scans each of 65 eyes (30 normal, 35 glaucoma eyes) and three macular scans each of 69 eyes (35 normal, 34 glaucoma eyes) acquired in the same session with OCTA were analysed. Repeatability was assessed using within-subject coefficient of repeatability (CRw) and variation (CVw). Effect of signal strength index (SSI) on repeatability was evaluated with repeated-measures mixed-effects models.ResultsCRw (%) and CVw (%) of peripapillary measurements in normal eyes ranged between 3.3 and 7.0, and 2.5 and 4.4 respectively, and that in glaucoma eyes between 3.5 and 7.1, and 2.6 and 6.6. For the macular, these measurements ranged between 4.1 and 6.0, and 3.3 and 4.7 in normal eyes and 4.3 and 6.9, and 3.7 and 5.6 in glaucoma eyes. Repeatability estimates of most measurements were similar in normal and glaucoma eyes. Vessel densities of both peripapillary and macular regions significantly increased with increase in SSI of repeat scans (coefficients ranging from 0.15 to 0.38, p<0.01 for all associations).ConclusionsRepeatability estimates of OCTA measured peripapillary and macular vessel densities were similar in normal eyes and eyes with glaucoma. SSI values of the scans had a significant effect on the repeatability of OCTA with the vessel density values increasing in scans with higher SSI values.

scholarly journals The effects of a concurrent task on walking in persons with transfemoral amputation compared to persons without limb loss

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J Morgan ◽  
Brian J Hafner ◽  
Valerie E Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Concurrent Task ◽  
Limb Loss ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Asymmetry ◽  
Single Task

Background:Many people with lower limb loss report the need to concentrate on walking. This may indicate increased reliance on cognitive resources when walking compared to individuals without limb loss.Objective:This study quantified changes in walking associated with addition of a concurrent cognitive task in persons with transfemoral amputation using microprocessor knees compared to age- and sex-matched controls.Study design:Observational, cross-sectional study.Methods:Quantitative motion analysis was used to assess walking under both single-task (walking alone) and dual-task (walking while performing a cognitive task) conditions. Primary outcomes were walking speed, step width, step time asymmetry, and cognitive task response latency and accuracy. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to examine the effects of task (single-task and dual-task) and group (transfemoral amputation and control) for each outcome.Results:No significant interactions between task and group were observed (all p > 0.11) indicating that a cognitive task did not differentially affect walking between groups. However, walking was slower with wider steps and more asymmetry in people with transfemoral amputation compared to controls under both conditions.Conclusion:Although there were significant differences in walking between people with transfemoral amputation and matched controls, the effects of a concurrent cognitive task on walking were similar between groups.Clinical relevanceThe addition of a concurrent task did not differentially affect walking outcomes in people with and without transfemoral amputation. However, compared to people without limb loss, people with transfemoral amputation adopted a conservative walking strategy. This strategy may reduce the need to concentrate on walking but also contributed to notable gait deviations.

scholarly journals Social interaction game to promote empathy among first year medical students: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3096
Author(s):  
Liaquat R. Johnson ◽  
Ramiz Raja
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interaction Game

Background: Empathy is integral to professionalism, but is lacking in medical students. There are few interventions that promote empathy. This pilot study describes the first use of a novel intervention to promote empathy.Methods: A novel social interaction game was developed and administered to first MBBS students. It provided an experiential simulation of persons belonging to lower socioeconomic strata over 4 simulated ‘days’. This cross-sectional study assessed the impact of the intervention on empathy using a 5-point Likert scale to score self-perceptions across several domains. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA).Results: There was a statistically significant decline in scale scores on all days following Day 1 (p<0.05). This was true across all domains. Cronbach’s alpha for internal reliability was 0.91 for Day 1; and 0.97 for Day 1 through Day 4. Open ended comments indicated empathic feelings were generated due to the intervention.Conclusions: A simulation experience like the social interaction game described here, may be used to improve the attitudes and empathy of medical students towards persons from low socioeconomic backgrounds.

scholarly journals Teachers' well-being in times of Covid-19 pandemic: factors that explain professional well-being

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Alves ◽  
Teresa Lopes ◽  
José Precioso
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
The Face ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

This cross-sectional study was aimed to describe and analyse factors related to the professional well-being of Portuguese teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A previously validated, anonymous and online questionnaire was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of Portuguese teachers. In addition to the socio-demographic and professional variables, the questionnaire measured subjective and professional well-being, satisfaction with the education system and future perspectives regarding the professional circumstances. The psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire were analysed, the t-test and ANOVA were used to analyse the differences between the main variables and the socio-demographic and professional characteristics, along with the generalized linear model in order to more precisely determine the predicting factors of teachers' professional well-being. The results showed that the majority of respondents have a moderately positive perception of well-being. Teachers were satisfied with the education system before the pandemic. The pandemic has reduced the perception of well-being in the face of the profession, creating some concern among teachers about their professional future. Sex, length of service, well-being, perceptions of teaching difficulties and future perspectives proved to be predictors of professional well-being in times of pandemic. This study provided scientific bases for the development of interventions that improve the professional well-being of teachers, which focus on emotional management and the development of digital skills in teachers with long careers. This piece of research concluded with thorough evidence that there is a need for further and stronger investment in public policies for the reform and, consequently, for the renewal of the teaching class.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Midwifery Education System in Armenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sahakyan ◽  
L Aslanyan ◽  
S Hovhannisyan ◽  
V Petrosyan
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Teaching Resources ◽  
Midwifery Education

Abstract Background Competencies, knowledge and skills of health care professionals largely depend upon their education. Well-educated and competent midwives can improve women’s and infants’ health related outcomes. The current study evaluated the compliance of the current midwifery education system in Armenia with the global International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) standards. Methods The research team used a qualitative cross-sectional study design with deductive content analysis. Through purposeful sampling we recruited five nursing colleges providing midwifery education in Armenia; two in the capital city and three in different regions. The study population included midwifery students, faculty and administrative representatives of the selected colleges (n = 56). During fall 2018, we conducted observations of midwifery education textbooks and equipment and in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with participants. Results Despite widely used interactive teaching methodology and more than 60% of teaching time allocated for practical learning, students graduated from the program without obtaining essential competencies. Lack of teaching resources, especially in the regional colleges, and lack of quality clinical learning opportunities in hospitals were barriers for students to develop essential practical skills. Conclusions The study recommends the governmental bodies to ensure provision of equity-based distribution of finances and tangible resources between the capital city and regional nursing colleges. The practical component of midwifery education programs need substantial enhancement. Key messages The lack of teaching resources and access to hospital sites were barriers to obtaining essential competencies for midwifery students. In order to develop a sufficient professional skillset, midwifery education programs should arrange comprehensive and structured practical experience for students.

scholarly journals Balance and postural control in basketball players

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murilo Curtolo ◽  
Helga Tatiana Tucci ◽  
Tayla P. Souza ◽  
Geiseane A. Gonçalves ◽  
Ana C. Lucato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Step Down

Abstract Introduction: Basketball is one of the most popular sports involving gestures and movements that require single-leg based support. Dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM), balance and postural control may influence the performance of this sport. Objective: To compare and correlate measures of balance, postural control and ankle DROM between amateur basketball athletes and non-athletes. Methods: Cross-sectional study, composed by 122 subjects allocated into one control group (CG = 61) and one basketball group (BG = 61). These groups were subdivided into two other groups by age: 12-14 years and 15-18 years. The participants were all tested for postural balance with the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), postural control with the Step-down test and DROM with the Weight-bearing lunge test (WBLT). Between-groups differences were compared using repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance. Normalized reaching distances were analyzed and correlated with the WBLT and Step-down test. Results: There was no difference in the scores of WBLT (P = .488) and Step-down test (P =. 916) between the groups. Scores for the anterior reach (P = .001) and total score of SEBT (P = .030) were higher in BG. The values for the posterolateral (P = .001) and posteromedial reach (P = .001) of SEBT were higher in BG at the age of 15-18. The correlation between the anterior reach of the SEBT and WBLT was significant in BG between 12-14 years (r = 0.578, P = .008), and in the CG between 15-18 years (r = 0.608, P=.001). Conclusion: The balance was better in the BG, although adolescents between 15-18 years have better balance control for the posteromedial and posterolateral reaches of the SEBT.

scholarly journals Active Scapular Retraction and Acromiohumeral Distance at Various Degrees of Shoulder Abduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulcan Harput ◽  
Hande Guney-Deniz ◽  
İrem Düzgün ◽  
Uğur Toprak ◽  
Lori A. Michener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acromiohumeral Distance ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Context:  Performing shoulder-abduction exercises with scapular retraction has been theorized to reduce the potential for shoulder impingement. However, objective data to support this premise are lacking. Objective:  To evaluate the influence of active scapular retraction on acromiohumeral distance (AHD) at 4 shoulder-abduction angles using real-time ultrasound. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  Twenty asymptomatic individuals (10 men, 10 women; age = 22.9 ± 2.8 years, height = 169.3 ± 9.5 cm, mass = 65.5 ± 12.9 kg) were recruited. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Real-time ultrasound images of AHD were obtained during nonretracted and retracted scapular conditions at 0°, 45°, 60°, and 90° of shoulder abduction. A 2-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to evaluate the influence of shoulder retraction on AHD across shoulder-abduction angles. Results:  A scapular-retraction condition × shoulder-abduction–angle interaction for AHD was found (F3,57 = 4.56, P = .006). The AHD was smaller at 0° (10.5 versus 11.2 mm, respectively; t19 = 2.22, P = .04) but larger at 90° (9.4 versus 8.7 mm, respectively; t19 = −2.30, P = .04) of shoulder abduction during the retracted than the nonretracted condition. No differences in AHD were observed between conditions at 45° (t19 = 1.45, P = .16) and 60° (t19 = 1.17, P = .86) of abduction. Conclusions:  The observed differences in AHD at 0° and 90° of shoulder abduction were small and did not exceed the established minimal detectable change for either angle. Our findings suggest that active scapular retraction during shoulder abduction has a minimal influence on AHD at 0° and 90° in healthy individuals. Further investigations are needed to determine whether scapular retraction influences AHD in individuals with subacromial impingement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document