An integrated system for farming fish, seaweed and abalone.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Neori ◽  
M. Shpigel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Dissolved Nutrients ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
The Family ◽  
Filter Feeders

Abstract The family of integrated sustainable mariculture technologies developed and implemented in Israel achieves sustainability by a holistic yet profitable approach. Filter feeders and algae use sunlight to convert polluted effluents from fish and shrimp culture into profitable products, while restoring water quality. The results are higher yield and income per feed and water inputs. The technologies are generic and modular, adaptable for fish or shrimp culture at any level of intensification. Marine fish, shrimp, seaweed, oysters, clams, abalone and sea urchins already grow on several farms, and others are planned. Mariculture effluents pass or recirculate through algae biofilter ponds stocked with phytoplankton or seaweed. These algae biofilters efficiently extract dissolved nutrients, carbon dioxide (CO2) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) from the effluent and recharge the effluent with dissolved oxygen (DO). The nutritious algae produced are marketed or nourish algivores - bivalves, brine shrimp, abalone or sea urchin. The integrated mariculture is profitable because of the sales of the biofilter organisms - shellfish and seaweed, and the greatly reduced environmental impact.

scholarly journals Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Pakan Ternak dengan Kombinasi Proses Aerasi dan Biologi Aerob

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Ketut Sumada ◽  
Novika Cahya Chaerani ◽  
Melandy Dwi Priambodo ◽  
Erwan Adi Saputro
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Aeration Process

ABSTRACT Wastewater is unclean and contains various substances that can risk the lives of humans and animals. This waste usually comes from the results of human actions (including industrialization). Industry must apply the principle of waste control in a careful and integrated system. Aeration is one of the most widely used techniques for improving the physical and chemical characteristics of wastewater. The aerobic microbiological wastewater treatment process utilizes aerobic microbial activity in aerobic conditions to decompose organic matter in wastewater into stable inorganic substances that don’t provide pollution impacts on the environment. This study determines the best time for the aeration process to reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) or Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of animal feed wastewater and the volume ratio of waste, that is, the number of microorganisms to reduce COD and BOD of animal feed wastewater. The study results show that the longer the aeration contact time, the more significant the decrease in COD and BOD values. In addition, the greater the addition of microbial concentration, the more effective the reduction in COD and BOD values. Furthermore, the aeration process time with microbial concentration, which will produce the best COD and BOD reduction, is 6 hours. Unfortunately, the COD and BOD values ??still do not meet the wastewater quality standards in the aeration process. Still, with microbial concentrations, COD and BOD values ??reduction targets will be obtained in the aerobic biological process, following the wastewater quality standards. Finally, wastewater processing from the animal feed industry with a combination of aeration and aerobic biology can meet quality standards. Keywords: aerobic, anaerobic, animal feed, BOD, COD, wastewater   ABSTRAK Air limbah merupakan air yang tidak bersih atau yang mempunyai kandungan berbagai zat yang berbahaya bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia, hewan, dan tumbuhan. Biasanya limbah dihasilkan dari kegiatan manusia (termasuk industrialisasi) sehingga sudah sepatutnya perindustrian mengelola hasil buangannya sesuai kaidah pengolahan limbah secara terpadu, efisien, dan efektif. Aerasi merupakan salah satu teknik yang paling banyak digunakan dalam perbaikan karakteristik fisik dan kimiawi air limbah. Terdapat berbagai proses pengolahan limbah di mana salah satunya dengan memanfaatkan aktivitas mikroba aerob untuk menguraikan zat organik dalam kondisi aerob menjadi zat anorganik yang stabil yang tidak mencemari lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui waktu terbaik proses aerasi terhadap penurunan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) atau Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) limbah cair pakan ternak dan mengetahui rasio volume limbah, yaitu jumlah mikroorganisme terhadap penurunan COD dan BOD limbah cair pakan ternak. Kesimpulan hasil kajian yaitu waktu pengontakan aerasi semakin lama dan penambahan konsentrasi mikroba berpengaruh pada penurunan nilai COD dan BOD dengan penurunan terbaik didapatkan pada waktu 6 jam. Nilai COD dan BOD proses biologi aerob dengan penambahan konsentrasi mikroba pada proses aerasi dan kombinasi aerasi dan biologi aerob telah memenuhi standar baku mutu limbah tetapi pada proses aerasi belum. Kata kunci: aerob, anaerob, BOD, COD, limbah cair, pakan ternak

Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Frank J. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

Temulawak (Curcuma  xanthorrhizaRoxb.) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, has been empirically used as herbal medicines. The research was aimed to evaluate three promising lines of Temulawak based on their high bioactive contents (xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid) and its in vitro bioactivity (antioxidant and toxicity), and to obtain information on agrobiophysic environmental condition which produced high bioactive compounds. The xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid contents were measured by HPLC. In vitro antioxidant and toxicity were determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) method and BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). The result showed that promising line A produced the highest yield of bioactive and bioactivity, i.e. 0.157 and 0.056 g plant-1of xanthorrizol and curcuminoid respectively. The IC50 of antioxidant activity was 65.09 mg L-1and LC50of toxicity was 69.05 mg L-1. In this study, Cipenjo had the best temulawak performance than two other locations. According to the agrobiophysic parameters, Cipenjo environmental condition was suitable for temulawak cultivation with temperature 28-34 ºC, rainfall ± 223.97 mm year-1 and sandy clay soil. Keywords: antioxidant, curcuminoid, promising lines, temulawak, xanthorrhizol

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waras Nurcholis ◽  
Edy Djauhari Purwakusumah ◽  
Mono Rahardjo ◽  
Latifah K. Darusman
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
In Vitro Bioactivity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Promising Line

Temulawak (Curcuma  xanthorrhizaRoxb.) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, has been empirically used as herbal medicines. The research was aimed to evaluate three promising lines of Temulawak based on their high bioactive contents (xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid) and its in vitro bioactivity (antioxidant and toxicity), and to obtain information on agrobiophysic environmental condition which produced high bioactive compounds. The xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid contents were measured by HPLC. In vitro antioxidant and toxicity were determined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) method and BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). The result showed that promising line A produced the highest yield of bioactive and bioactivity, i.e. 0.157 and 0.056 g plant-1of xanthorrizol and curcuminoid respectively. The IC50 of antioxidant activity was 65.09 mg L-1and LC50of toxicity was 69.05 mg L-1. In this study, Cipenjo had the best temulawak performance than two other locations. According to the agrobiophysic parameters, Cipenjo environmental condition was suitable for temulawak cultivation with temperature 28-34 ºC, rainfall ± 223.97 mm year-1 and sandy clay soil. Keywords: antioxidant, curcuminoid, promising lines, temulawak, xanthorrhizol

scholarly journals Pathophysiology and clinical consequences of arterial blood gases and pH after cardiac arrest

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Robba ◽  
Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba ◽  
Andras Sikter ◽  
Denise Battaglini ◽  
Wojciech Dąbrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Clinical Consequences

AbstractPost cardiac arrest syndrome is associated with high morbidity and mortality, which is related not only to a poor neurological outcome but also to respiratory and cardiovascular dysfunctions. The control of gas exchange, and in particular oxygenation and carbon dioxide levels, is fundamental in mechanically ventilated patients after resuscitation, as arterial blood gases derangement might have important effects on the cerebral blood flow and systemic physiology.In particular, the pathophysiological role of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels is strongly underestimated, as its alterations quickly affect also the changes of intracellular pH, and consequently influence metabolic energy and oxygen demand. Hypo/hypercapnia, as well as mechanical ventilation during and after resuscitation, can affect CO2 levels and trigger a dangerous pathophysiological vicious circle related to the relationship between pH, cellular demand, and catecholamine levels. The developing hypocapnia can nullify the beneficial effects of the hypothermia. The aim of this review was to describe the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of arterial blood gases and pH after cardiac arrest.According to our findings, the optimal ventilator strategies in post cardiac arrest patients are not fully understood, and oxygen and carbon dioxide targets should take in consideration a complex pattern of pathophysiological factors. Further studies are warranted to define the optimal settings of mechanical ventilation in patients after cardiac arrest.

scholarly journals Assessment of Voltage Influence in Carbon Dioxide Fixation Process by a Photo-Bioelectrochemical System under Photoheterotrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Sara Díaz-Rullo Edreira ◽  
Silvia Barba ◽  
Ioanna A. Vasiliadou ◽  
Raúl Molina ◽  
Juan Antonio Melero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Bioelectrochemical System ◽  
Electron Sink ◽  
Soluble Carbon

Bioelectrochemical systems are a promising technology capable of reducing CO2 emissions, a renewable carbon source, using electroactive microorganisms for this purpose. Purple Phototrophic Bacteria (PPB) use their versatile metabolism to uptake external electrons from an electrode to fix CO2. In this work, the effect of the voltage (from −0.2 to −0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl) on the metabolic CO2 fixation of a mixed culture of PPB under photoheterotrophic conditions during the oxidation of a biodegradable carbon source is demonstrated. The minimum voltage to fix CO2 was between −0.2 and −0.4 V. The Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle is the main electron sink at these voltages. However, lower voltages caused the decrease in the current intensity, reaching a minimum at −0.8 V (−4.75 mA). There was also a significant relationship between the soluble carbon uptake in terms of chemical oxygen demand and the electron consumption for the experiments performed at −0.6 and −0.8 V. These results indicate that the CBB cycle is not the only electron sink and some photoheterotrophic metabolic pathways are also being affected under electrochemical conditions. This behavior has not been tested before in photoheterotrophic conditions and paves the way for the future development of photobioelectrochemical systems under heterotrophic conditions.

Membrane‐electrode assembly enhances performance of a microbial fuel cell type biological oxygen demand sensor

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Kim ◽  
Moon Sik Hyun ◽  
Geoffrey M. Gadd ◽  
Gwang Tae Kim ◽  
Sang‐Joon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Membrane Electrode Assembly ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Membrane Electrode ◽  
Cell Type

scholarly journals DECOLOURIZATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES AND DYE INDUSTRY EFFLUENT BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DYE CONTAMINATED SITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sandhiya ◽  
K. Sumaiya Begum ◽  
D. Charumathi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Dissolved Solids

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of the present study were a) to isolate and screen bacteria for dye removal from synthetic solution b) to optimize various variables such as pH, static/shaking and initial dye concentration on degradation of triphenyl methane dyes namely basic violet 3 and basic green 4 by isolated <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> c) to analyse enzymes involved in the biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes d) to treat real leather dyeing wastewater with newly isolated strain of <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>e) to characterize untreated and treated leather dyeing wastewater f) to study the effects of real and treated effluent on plants and <em>Rhizobium</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isolation of bacteria from sludge was carried out by spread plate method and the bacteria was identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. The isolated bacterium was screened for dye decolorization potential of triphenylmethane dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 The effects of parameters were studied by varying pH (from 3 to 9), temperature (from 15-45 °C), and initial dye concentration (from 10-500 mg/l). The enzyme involved in biodegradation was studied in intracellular extract. Real leather dyeing wastewater was treated with the bacteria and characterized. The treated wastewater was tested on plants and <em>Rhizobium </em>for toxicity. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dye decolorization potential of bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolated from wastewater for leather dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 were evaluated. Dye decolorization using bacteria was found to be dependent on physicochemical parameters (shaking, pH and initial dye concentration). Enzymes NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase were found to play dominant role during biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Application oriented studies using growing bacteria in pure cultures were carried out with leather dyeing wastewater collected from DKS prime tanners. Analysis of raw leather dyeing wastewater showed high pollution load in terms of color, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand whereas the leather dyeing wastewater treated with pure culture of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed considerable decrease in Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand values which were within the permissible limits. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of treated leather dyeing wastewater. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study proved that <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> can serve as a potential remediation agent for the treatment of leather dyeing wastewater.</p>

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