Sugarcane moth borers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae and Pyraloidea): phylogenetics constructed using COII and 16S mitochondrial partial gene sequences

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Lange ◽  
K.D. Scott ◽  
G.C. Graham ◽  
M.N. Sallam ◽  
P.G. Allsopp
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Sugarcane Moth Borers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractSugarcane moth borers are a diverse group of species occurring in several genera, but predominately within the Noctuidae and Pyraloidea. They cause economic loss in sugarcane and other crops through damage to stems and stalks by larval boring. Partial sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, COII and 16S, were used to construct a molecular phylogeny based on 26 species from ten genera and six tribes. The Noctuidae were found to be monophyletic, providing molecular support for the taxonomy within this subfamily. However, the Pyraloidea are paraphyletic, with the noctuids splitting Galleriinae and Schoenobiinae from the Crambinae. This supports the separation of the Pyralidae and Crambinae, but does not support the concept of the incorporation of the Schoenobiinae in the Crambidae. Of the three crambine genera examined, Diatraea was monophyletic, Chilo paraphyletic, and Eoreuma was basal to the other two genera. Within the Noctuidae, Sesamia and Bathytricha were monophyletic, with Busseola basal to Bathytricha. Many species in this study (both noctuids and pyraloids) had different biotypes within collection localities and across their distribution; however the individual biotypes were not phylogenetically informative. These data highlight the need for taxonomic revisions at all taxon levels and provide a basis for the development of DNA-based diagnostics for rapidly identifying many species at any developmental stage. This ability is vital, as the species are an incursion threat to Australia and have the potential to cause significant losses to the sugar industry.

scholarly journals Evolutionary position of breviate amoebae and the primary eukaryote divergence

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1657) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne A. Minge ◽  
Jeffrey D Silberman ◽  
Russell J.S Orr ◽  
Thomas Cavalier-Smith ◽  
Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Eukaryote Evolution ◽  
Key Questions

Integration of ultrastructural and molecular sequence data has revealed six supergroups of eukaryote organisms (excavates, Rhizaria, chromalveolates, Plantae, Amoebozoa and opisthokonts), and the root of the eukaryote evolutionary tree is suggested to lie between unikonts (Amoebozoa, opisthokonts) and bikonts (the other supergroups). However, some smaller lineages remain of uncertain affinity. One of these unassigned taxa is the anaerobic, free-living, amoeboid flagellate Breviata anathema , which is of key significance as it is unclear whether it is a unikont (i.e. possibly the deepest branching amoebozoan) or a bikont. To establish its evolutionary position, we sequenced thousands of Breviata genes and calculated trees using 78 protein sequences. Our trees and specific substitutions in the 18S RNA sequence indicate that Breviata is related to other Amoebozoa, thereby significantly increasing the cellular diversity of this phylum and establishing Breviata as a deep-branching unikont. We discuss the implications of these results for the ancestral state of Amoebozoa and eukaryotes generally, demonstrating that phylogenomics of phylogenetically ‘nomadic’ species can elucidate key questions in eukaryote evolution. Furthermore, mitochondrial genes among the Breviata ESTs demonstrate that Breviata probably contains a modified anaerobic mitochondrion. With these findings, remnants of mitochondria have been detected in all putatively deep-branching amitochondriate organisms.

Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Tasmanian and New Zealand Mudfishes (Salmoniformes : Galaxiidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Waters ◽  
R. W. G. White
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Marine Dispersal ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

The phylogenetic affinities of the diadromous Tasmanian mudfish, Galaxias cleaveri, have long been problematic. Some systematists have suggested that this species is closely related to the morphologically similar but non-diadromous New Zealand mudfish genus, Neochanna, while others argued that the similarities represent convergent evolution. Most recently, the Tasmanian mudfish was allocated to Neochanna on morphological grounds. The current paper presents sequence data from two mitochondrial genes that support this decision, revealing a close phylogenetic relationship between Tasmanian and New Zealand mudfish. Molecular clock calibrations are used to examine hypotheses of mudfish evolution and biogeography. Estimated divergence times are consistent with the suggestion that Neochanna burrowsius and N. apoda were separated by the uplift of New Zealand’s southern Alps about five million years ago. In addition, the divergence of the Tasmanian and New Zealand mudfish appears to postdate the rifting of Gondwana and is best explained by marine dispersal during the Pliocene.

scholarly journals A new interstitial species of the Hydroporus ferrugineus group from north-western Turkey, with a molecular phylogeny of the H. memnoniusand related groups (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3173 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLES HERNANDO ◽  
PEDRO AGUILERA ◽  
AGUSTÍN CASTRO ◽  
IGNACIO RIBERA
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Western Turkey ◽  
North West ◽  
Small Pool ◽  
North Western

We describe Hydroporus bithynicus sp. n. (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae) from the Bolu province in north-west-ern Turkey. The species belongs to the newly defined H. ferrugineus group, and can be separated from the other two mem-bers (H. ferrugineus Stephens, 1829 and H. sanfilippoi Ghidini, 1958) by its more flattened shape, less developed eyesand shape of male genitalia. Its external morphology and the habitat in which all specimens were found (a small pool withupwelling spring water next to a stream) suggest an interstitial habitat, similar to that reported for other species of thegroup. We present a molecular phylogeny of the species of the H. memnonius and H. longulus groups, including somerepresentatives of the main lineages within the genus, based on ca. 2 kb of four mitochondrial genes. We redefine the H.memnonius group and recognise the H. ferrugineus, H. obsoletus and H. morio groups of species as separate entities. Hy-droporus neglectus Schaum, 1845 was found to be related to the species of the H. angustatus, but not the H. memnonius group.

scholarly journals Pythium kandovanense sp. nov., a fungus-like eukaryotic micro-organism (Stramenopila, Pythiales) isolated from snow-covered ryegrass leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 2500-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Chenari Bouket ◽  
Mahdi Arzanlou ◽  
Motoaki Tojo ◽  
Asadollah Babai-Ahari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Natural Grassland

Pythium kandovanense sp. nov. (ex-type culture CCTU 1813T = OPU 1626T = CBS 139567T) is a novel oomycete species isolated from Lolium perenne with snow rot symptoms in a natural grassland in East-Azarbaijan province, Iran. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA, coxI and coxII mitochondrial genes clustered our isolates in Pythium group E as a unique, well supported clade. Pythium kandovanense sp. nov. is phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from the other closely related species in this clade, namely Pythium rostratifingens and Pythium rostratum. Pythium kandovanense sp. nov. can be distinguished from these two species by its cylindrical sporangia and lower temperatures for optimum and maximum growth rate. The development of zoospores released through a shorter discharge tube is an additional morphological feature which can be used to differentiate Pythium kandovanense sp. nov. from Pythium rostratifingens. Laboratory inoculation tests demonstrated the pathogenicity of Pythium kandovanense sp. nov. to L. perenne under wet cold (0–3 °C) conditions.

A molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Arundinoideae (Poaceae) based on sequences of rDNA

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hsiao ◽  
S. W. L. Jacobs ◽  
N. P. Barker ◽  
N. J. Chatterton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
South American ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
The North ◽  
Poaceae Family

Phylogenetic relationships of the whole Poaceae family inferred from the sequence data of rDNA (ITS) support the hypothesis that the arundinoids are monophyletic, not polyphyletic as previously proposed. The ITS sequence phylogeny of 42 arundinoid species demonstrates an early divergence of the Aristideae and three major groupings, corresponding loosely to the tribes Aristideae, Arundineae and Danthonieae. The Arundineae are resolved into two paraphyletic clades. In one clade, Arundo, Monachather, and Dregeochloa are the sister group to Amphipogon and Diplopogon. In the other clade, Phragmites, Molinia, Gynerium, Thysanolaena, Spartochloa, and Cyperochloa are the sister group to Eriachne and Micraira. Arundo is not closely related to Phragmites. The Danthonieae clade, including taxa from Africa, Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, the South American Cortaderia, and the North American Danthonia, appears to be monophyletic. However, the genus Merxmuellera is polyphyletic.

Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the Tasmanian and New Zealand mudfishes (Salmoniformes : Galaxiidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
J. M. Waters ◽  
R. W. G. White
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Marine Dispersal ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

The phylogenetic affinities of the diadromous Tasmanian mudfish, Galaxias cleaveri, have long been problematic. Some systematists have suggested that this species is closely related to the morphologically similar but non-diadromous New Zealand mudfish genus, Neochanna, while others argued that the similarities represent convergent evolution. Most recently, the Tasmanian mudfish was allocated to Neochanna on morphological grounds. The current paper presents sequence data from two mitochondrial genes that support this decision, revealing a close phylogenetic relationship between Tasmanian and New Zealand mudfish. Molecular clock calibrations are used to examine hypotheses of mudfish evolution and biogeography. Estimated divergence times are consistent with the suggestion that Neochanna burrowsius and N. apoda were separated by the uplift of New Zealand’s southern Alps about five million years ago. In addition, the divergence of the Tasmanian and New Zealand mudfish appears to postdate the rifting of Gondwana and is best explained by marine dispersal during the Pliocene.

A new karyological variant of Oecomys (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) and its phylogenetic relationship based on molecular data

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Belchior de Andrade ◽  
Cibele Rodrigues Bonvicino
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal

A new karyological variant of the Sigmodontinae genus Oecomys was detected in specimens from Brazilian Pantanal. Karyologic analyses showed 2n = 72 and FN = 90, which differs from all known chromosomal complements of the genus. This new karyomorph showed distinctive morphological attributes and could not be attributed to any described Oecomys species. Molecular analysis using cytochrome-b sequence data suggested the monophyly of Oecomys. Maximum-likelihood analyses placed the Oecomys sp. haplotype clade as the sister branch to Oecomys bicolor, whereas maximum-parsimony analyses did not resolve its relationship with the other Oecomys species. Kimura's two parameters distance estimates between this and other Oecomys species are high, and active gene flow has been found not to coexist with these divergence estimates.Key words: Oecomys sp., rodent, Sigmodontinae, karyotype, molecular phylogeny.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Margaret Mahy: An Adlerian Reading

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
KATHRYN WALLS
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Margaret Mahy ◽  
The Individual

According to the ‘Individual Psychology’ of Alfred Adler (1870–1937), Freud's contemporary and rival, everyone seeks superiority. But only those who can adapt their aspirations to meet the needs of others find fulfilment. Children who are rejected or pampered are so desperate for superiority that they fail to develop social feeling, and endanger themselves and society. This article argues that Mahy's realistic novels invite Adlerian interpretation. It examines the character of Hero, the elective mute who is the narrator-protagonist of The Other Side of Silence (1995) , in terms of her experience of rejection. The novel as a whole, it is suggested, stresses the destructiveness of the neurotically driven quest for superiority. Turning to Mahy's supernatural romances, the article considers novels that might seem to resist the Adlerian template. Focusing, in particular, on the young female protagonists of The Haunting (1982) and The Changeover (1984), it points to the ways in which their magical power is utilised for the sake of others. It concludes with the suggestion that the triumph of Mahy's protagonists lies not so much in their generally celebrated ‘empowerment’, as in their transcendence of the goal of superiority for its own sake.

Gewalt und Kommunikation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-28
Author(s):  
Jens Bonnemann
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Normal Case ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Philosophy Of Dialogue ◽  
The Individual

In ethics, when discussing problems of justice and a just social existence one question arises obviously: What is the normal case of the relation between I and you we start from? In moral philosophy, each position includes basic socio-anthropological convictions in that we understand the other, for example, primarily as competitor in the fight for essential resources or as a partner in communication. Thus, it is not the human being as isolated individual, or as specimen of the human species or socialised member of a historical society what needs to be understood. Instead, the individual in its relation to the other or others has been studied in phenomenology and the philosophy of dialogue of the twentieth century. In the following essay I focus on Martin Buber’s and Jean-Paul Sartre’s theories of intersubjectivity which I use in order to explore the meaning of recognition and disrespect for an individual. They offer a valuable contribution to questions of practical philosophy and the socio-philosophical diagnosis of our time.

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