The effect of 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol on the placental transfer of calcium and phosphate in sheep

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Durand ◽  
G. D. Braithwaite ◽  
J.-P. Barlet
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Active Process ◽  
Foetal Tissue ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

1. The calcium and phosphorus concentrations in foetal tissue or the placental transfer of 45Ca and 32P, or both, were studied in fifty-five control or 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol (1α-(OH)D3)-treated (0·1 μg/kg body-weight per d for 12 d) ewes between 77 and 140 d of gestation.2. Treatment resulted in a significant increase in the concentration of Ca and P in foetal tissues at all stages of gestation except at 140 d when, it is suggested, foetal mineralization may approach a maximum value.3. This increase in Ca and P concentration in foetal tissues was associated with an increased placental transfer of Ca, though at 111 and 120 d gestation this increase was not significant. P transfer, which was only measured at 140 d gestation, was also significantly higher in treated animals.4. The concentrations of Ca and P in both maternal and foetal plasma were increased significantly by the 1α-(OH)D3 treatment.5. Whereas the concentration of Ca in the plasma of foetuses was always greater than in their dams, the concentration of plasma P in treated animals, unlike controls, was lower in foetuses than dams. This suggests that the increased placental transfer of P, unlike that of Ca, may be a passive rather than an active process.

Quality characteristics and hatchability of eggs and serum electrolytes concentration of Gola, Giribaz and Ghiachundi pigeon breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Khaled Mahmud Sujan ◽  
Manik Biswas ◽  
Sakhawat Hossain Tareq ◽  
Md Kamrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Serum Electrolytes ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

The weather and vast areas of crop fields along with housing premises of Bangladesh are suitable for pigeon farming. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of eggs and serum electrolyte concentration of Gola, Giribaz and Ghiachundi pigeon squabs. Three pairs of each breed were reared in the cage with commercial feed and water. After laying eggs, the length and width of eggs were recorded. After hatching of eggs, eggshell thickness was recorded. The thickness of the eggshell was 0.15±0.01 mm, 0.15±0.01 mm, 0.15±0.00 mm for Gola, Giribaz and Ghiachundi breeds respectively. The body weights of the squabs were recorded at 7th and 45th day. The squabs were sacrificed on 45th day and the blood sample was collected and serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus concentration were measured by using appropriate analytical techniques. Serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus were: 102.93±15.95 (mmol/L), 11.18±2.19 (mmol/L), 6.20±1.11 (mmol/L), 4.53±0.45 (mmol/L) for Gola breed; 101.48±2.12 (mmol/L), 12.15±0.96 (mmol/L), 5.65±1.09 (mmol/L), 4.53±0.36 (mmol/L) for Giribaz breed and 95.18±6.71 (mmol/L), 11.99±0.91 (mmol/L), 5.09±0.75(mmol/L), 4.81±0.24 (mmol/L) for Ghiachundi breed respectively. A positive correlation has been found between thickness of eggshell and phosphorus while there is a negative correlation with calcium for Gola breed; both have been found insignificant for Giribaz breed and only calcium has been found significant for Ghiachundi breed. A strong correlation between the final body weight of the squab and K for the Gola breed; between the final body weight of the squab and Ca, P, K for Giribaz breed and between the final body weight of the squab and Ca, Na, K have been found. It could be concluded that serum electrolytes having an influential effect on egg characteristics and body weight of corresponding pigeon breed. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (2), 107-112

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

ASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN BY THE ACCUMULATION OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE IN THE THYROID OF THE INTACT RAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
N. R. Stephenson ◽  
W. P. McKinley ◽  
P. J. Kavanagii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Response Line ◽  
Dose Levels

The ability of the thyroid gland of intact weanling rats to collect injected radioactive iodine was diminished by inclusion of a small amount of iodinated casein in the diet. The administration of exogenous thyrotrophin increased the thyroidal uptake of I131 in rats treated in this manner. Both the degree of inhibition of the thyroid and the ability of the animals to differentiate between dosage levels of thyrotrophin were dependent upon the amount of iodinated casein in the diet. Graded doses of thyrotrophin provided a linear log dose –response line over the range 0.01 to 0.08 U.S.P. units. The response approached a maximum value at dose levels above 0.16 U.S.P. units. The thyroid gland of the female weanling rat retained, on the average, significantly more radioactive iodine than that of the male weanling rat when stimulated by thyrotrophin. Although the hormonal response was not correlated with the body weight of the rats within dosage groups, more precise assays were obtained by equalizing the total weight of the rats in each dosage group before the assay. Relatively large doses of I131 appeared to have an adverse effect on the precision of the assay but did not influence the response to thyrotrophin.

THE TRANSPLACENTAL PASSAGE OF THYROXINE AND FOETAL THYROID FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Gray ◽  
Valerie Anne Galton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Transplacental Passage ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Near Term

ABSTRACT A study has been made of the transplacental passage of thyroxine (T4) in rats when the hormone is present in physiological concentrations, and of the activity of the foetal thyroid gland in the perinatal period. Several aspects of foetal thyroid function were assessed in intact and thyroid-ectomized (TX) pregnant rats maintained with graded doses of T4. A daily dose of 2 μg T4/100 g body weight yielded near normal maternal and foetal serum PBI levels; with a dose of 1 μg the values were slightly low. Both these doses resulted in a decrease in the total and T4 iodine content of the foetal thyroid; an even greater decrease occurred in rats maintained with 5 μg/100 g body weight/day. The rate of uptake of iodine by the foetal gland was significantly depressed by the 2 but not the 1 μg dose. Serum PBI levels in the foetus were related directly to the dose of T4 and inversely with the degree of depression of the thyroid gland. Both maternal and foetal serum PBI levels in the unsupplemented TX rats were at least 60 % of normal and there was evidence of increased secretion of T4 by the foetal thyroid. The data indicate that the placenta is readily permeable to T4 when the hormone is present in maternal serum in doses that are close to physiological. However it was not possible to estimate the extent of the placental transfer of endogenous hormone. Significant foetal thyroid function was evident near term. It is suggested that both the foetal and maternal thyroids contribute to the maintenance of serum T4 levels in the foetus.

scholarly journals A study of the effect of vitamin D in rats maintained on diets with different mineral content but with the same low ratio of calcium to phosphorus

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harrand ◽  
R. L. Hartles
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Different Levels

1.Eight groups of weanling rats were maintained for 60 days on diets containing calcium and phosphorus in the ratio 0·1 at four different levels of mineral, namely 0·08, 0·12, 0·23 and 0·32% Ca, and in the presence and absence of added ergocalciferol.2. Provision of vitamin D increased final body-weight, whereas at the highest mineral intake body-weight was reduced.3. At each level of dietary mineral the serum Ca concentration was raised by vitamin D, whilst the serum P concentration was lowered except when the mineral intake was lowest.4. With increasing mineral intake the serum Ca increased until at the highest intake it declined. Serum P was increased only at the highest mineral intake.5. Measurements were made of bone weights, ash content and volume. Provision of vitamin D increased the fresh weight of bone at all levels of dietary mineral, and the dry weight and ash content were increased except at the lowest level of mineral intake. In general, the higher the dietary mineral the greater was the bone weight and its ash content.6. The presence of vitamin D resulted in an increase in tooth mass and ash content at each level of mineral intake. Tooth mass and ash increased with increasing dietary mineral except at the highest level when there was a decline.7. At the lower levels of mineral intake the ratio of tooth mass to bone mass was greater than at the higher levels of intake.8. Histological examination of the bones revealed no increase in the width of the epiphyseal cartilage in any group. In the group with the lowest levels of Ca and P without vitamin D (0·08% Ca, 0·8% P) the shafts of the femurs appeared thinner and porotic, and the trabeculae were thin; in the group fed the same diets supplemented with vitamin D the shafts were even thinner but less porotic; in all other groups the histological appearance of the bone was within normal limits.9. Changes in the appearance of the dentine were demonstrated in all groups.

Effect of Dietary Protein, Calcium and Phosphorus for Swine from 7 to 20 Kilograms Body Weight

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Mahan ◽  
K. E. Ekstrom ◽  
A. W. Fetter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

scholarly journals Influence of dietary 1αlpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, individually or in combination with microbial phytase in calcium and phosphorus deficient diets on growth performance and tibia parameter of Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42540
Author(s):  
Farshd Kheiri ◽  
Mohammad Poshtvar ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Ali Jalali Haji Abadi ◽  
Nasir Landy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Tibia Ash

  The effect of 1α-OH-D3 in calcium-phosphorus (Ca-P) deficient diets on Japanese quail growth performance and tibia parameters was investigated. Eight-day-old (n = 160) newly hatched quails were weighed and randomly allocated to 20 groups, each with 4 replicate pens of 8 birds. Treatments were as follows: T1, Ca-P-adequate; T2,Ca-P-deficient; T3, Ca-P-deficient + 500 FTU kg-1 of phytase (Ph); T4, Ca-P-deficient diet + 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3; T5,Ca-P-deficient + Ph + 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3. Results showed that quails fed Ca-P-adequate had significantly higher body weight compared with quails fed Ca-P-deficient, Ca-P deficient supplemented with 1α-OH-D3 and Ca-P-deficient supplemented with 1α-OH-D3 and phytase, but did not differ from Ca-P-deficient diet supplemented with phytase. Quails fed Ca-P deficient were unable to achieve FCR comparable to quails fed Ca-P-adequate (p < 0.05). The percentage of bone ash data indicated that quails fed Ca-P-adequate had higher tibia ash compared with other groups except for quails fed Ca-P deficient diet supplemented with combination of 1α-OH-D3 and phytase. Quails fed Ca-P-adequate had higher tibia P compared with quails fed Ca-P-deficient. In conclusion, these results indicated that quails fed Ca-P-deficient supplemented with 5 µg kg-1 of 1α-OH-D3 in combination of 500 FTU kg-1 of phytase were able to achieve the same tibia ash and Ca compared with quails fed Ca-P-adequate. 

scholarly journals The effect of litter size upon foetal growth rate and the placental transfer of calcium and phosphorus in superovulated Scottish half-bred ewes

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Twardock ◽  
H. W. Symonds ◽  
B. F. Sansom ◽  
G. J. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

1. The ovulation rate of forty-eight Scottish half-bred ewes was increased by using pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin thus inducing litters of one to four foetuses.2. The effects of increased litter size upon the foetal growth rate and upon the rate of transfer of calcium and phosphorus across the placenta were studied at 108–112, 122–126 and 136–140 d gestation.3. The number of foetuses had little effect upon foetal weight at 112 d, the mean weights of a singleton, twin, triplet or quadruplet being similar. However, by 140 d mean foetal weight decreased markedly as litter size increased.4. Failure of individual quadruplets to grow as fast as a singleton was associated with a limitation in the capacity of the placenta for transferring minerals. The maximum rates of transfer of Ca and P, whatever the number of foetuses, were approximately 2·8 and 1·4 g/d respectively. These rates were attained by 112 d when quadruplets were being carried, by 126 d for triplets, and by 140 d for twins.

scholarly journals Penerapan Pijat Bayi Terhadap Peningkatan Berat Badan Bayi Usia 1-3 Bulan : Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1977-1983
Author(s):  
Runi Karin Majid ◽  
Aida Rusmariana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Massage Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractBaby massage is one of the oldest and most popular types of stimulation or touch therapy that is has been practiced for a long time almost all over the world, including in Indonesia for generations. Baby massage has many benefits if done regularly, one of which can increase body weight. The purpose of this study was to know the weight of babies aged 1-3 months before and after being given baby massage. The method was a literature review of three research articles from Google Sholar used keywords including baby massage, weight gain, infants aged 1-3 months and articles published in the last 10 years. The results of the literarture review of three articles in the experimental group, before being given baby massage, was the median value of 4,592 grams and the minimum-maximum value of 3,533-5,933 grams. The control group had a median value of 4,258 grams and a minimum-maximum value of 3,533-5,200 grams. The experimental group after being given baby massage had a median value of 5,717 grams and a minimum-maximum value of 4,433-6,900 grams. While the control group had a median value of 4,767 grams and a minimum-maximum value of 3,967-5,633 grams. The conclusion of the literature review from these three articles is that baby massage has an effect on increasing body weight in infants aged 1-3 months. The results of the three articles that had been reviewed are babies who get massage therapy had a higher weight gain compared to babies who do not get massage therapy. It is suggested for nurses to be able to apply and provide education to parents to do baby massage in order to overcome the problem of baby growth and development especially the problem of baby massage.Keywords: Infants aged 1-3 months, Baby massage, Eigh gain AbstrakPijat bayi merupakan salah satu jenis stimulasi atau terapi sentuhan tertua dan terpopuler yang sudah lama dilakukan hampir di seluruh dunia termasuk di Indonesia secara turun temurun. Pijat bayi yang dilakukan secara rutin akan memberikan banyak manfaat yaitu salah satunya dapat meningkatkan berat badan. Tujuan dari penulisan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui berat badan bayi usia 1-3 bulan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pijat bayi. Metode penulisan menggunakan literature review dari tiga artikel penelitian yang didapatkan dari google scholar dengan kata kunci pijat bayi, peningkatan berat badan dan bayi usia 1-3 bulan dan minimal terbit 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil dari literature review ketiga artikel ilmiah sebelum diberikan pijat bayi pada kelompok eksperimen memiliki nilai median 4.592 gram dan nilai minimum-maksimum 3.533-5.933 gram. Pada kelompok kontrol memiliki nilai median 4.258 gram dan nilai minimum-maksimum 3.533-5.200 gram. Sesudah diberikan pijat bayi pada kelompok eksperimen memiliki nilai median 5.717 gram dan nilai minimum-maksimum 4.433-6.900 gram. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol memiliki nilai median 4.767 gram dan nilai minimum-maksimum 3.967-5.633 gram. Simpulan literatur review dari ketiga artikel ilmiah yaitu pijat bayi sama-sama memiliki pengaruh untuk meningkatkan berat badan pada bayi usia 1-3 bulan. Hasil dari ketiga artikel ilmiah yang telah dilakukan literature review menunjukkan bahwa bayi yang mendapatkan pijat mengalami peningkatan berat badan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bayi yang tidak mendapatkan terapi pijat. Saran bagi perawat untuk dapat menerapkan dan memberikan edukasi kepada orang tua untuk melakukan pijat bayi guna mengatasi masalah tumbuh kembang pada bayi terutama masalah berat badan bayi.Kata kunci: Bayi Usia 1-3 Bulan; Pijat bayi; Peningkatan Berat Badan

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