scholarly journals Nutrient intake of pregnant Asian women at Sorrento Maternity Hospital, Birmingham

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Eaton ◽  
P. A. Wharton ◽  
B. A. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
European Women ◽  
In Pregnancy

1. The dietary intake of pregnant Asian women (that is originating from the Indian subcontinent) attending Sorrento Maternity Hospital in Birmingham was determined, using the weighed and recall techniques, at five-weekly intervals from 18 to 38 weeks of pregnancy.2. Mean energy intake of the group was 7.1 MJ (1700 kcal)/d. The intakes of most nutrients were substantially below those consumed by pregnant European women in Britain, a little below those of expectant Pakistani mothers in Islamabad, and about the same as those of expectant East London mothers. Intakes of vitamin D, total folate, vitamin B6, zinc and magnesium were particularly low.3. These observations suggest that a number of Asian women in Birmingham are likely to experience nutritional stress in pregnancy, and there is some anthropometric and biochemical evidence from Sorrento, published elsewhere (Bissenden et al. 1981), to support this.4. A possibly beneficial feature of the diet was a low sodium intake (2 g/d). Previous work at this hospital has noted a lower prevalence of hypertension in pregnant Asian women (Wharton et al. 1980; Bissenden et al. 1981).

scholarly journals Confusion Regarding the DASH Diet and Sodium Restriction in Inner-city Clinic Patients: Association with Poor DASH Scores and Sodium Adherence (P04-111-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Lembrikova ◽  
Jonathan Leong ◽  
Georgiana Yang ◽  
Jessamine Fazli ◽  
Matthew Moy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium

Abstract Objectives Adherence to the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is associated with slower progression of kidney disease and decreased cardiovascular risk. We evaluated the association between knowledge of the DASH diet, DASH scores and nutrient intake in an inner-City population. Methods A random sample of patients from CKD (37), medicine/diabetes (18) and transplant clinic (31) was studied using 24-hour food recall, with nutrient intake analyzed by ASA24 software used to calculate DASH score. Patients were asked to respond to the question “Do you know what the DASH diet is?” Results Mean age was 63.8 ± 14.1yrs; 50% (43) had diabetes; 85% (73) had hypertension. 45% (39) reported income < $20 K/yr. 78% (67) stated that they were familiar with the DASH diet and defined it as decreased or “low” intake of sodium or salt (LoNa); 33% (28) were not familiar (NoAns). No patient was able to provide a correct explanation of the DASH diet as per the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Most common answers were “no salt” (26), “low salt” (38), 3 pts described the limit of sodium as 2gm (2) or <80 mg (1). Several patients commented “nasty” or “tasteless”. Mean DASH scores were poor and did not differ between the two groups (LoNa 3.75 ± 0.88 vs NoAns 3.8 ± 0.8, P = NS), nor did intake of sodium (LoNa 2.51 ±0.96 g vs NoAns 2.59 ± 1.3 g, P = NS). There was no difference in creatinine (LoNa 2.0 ± 1.6 vs 1.79 ± 1.3 mg/dl, P = NS), BMI, blood pressure systolic or diastolic, income, education or marital status between the two groups. 92% (57/62) pts in the LoNa group answered yes to the question “Are you familiar with a low sodium diet” vs 1% (1/16) in the NoAns group, P < 0.0001. Conclusions In our population of inner-City pts: 1. Understanding of the DASH diet was poor and equated with low or absent sodium intake with unclear understanding of actual amount. 2. DASH adherence was poor in all groups. 3. There was no difference in sodium intake between pts who stated that they knew about the DASH diet and those who did not. Neither group met the recommendations for < 2gm/d intake. 4. Pts who answered they knew what a DASH diet was were more likely to report familiarity with low sodium diets. 5. Confusion regarding the DASH diet and sodium restriction is common. As the DASH eating pattern is a more comprehensive change in dietary habits, targeted education may be needed in this population to improve overall adherence. Funding Sources none.

scholarly journals Subethnic variation in the diets of Moslem, Sikh and Hindu pregnant women at Sorrento Maternity Hospital, Birmingham

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Wharton ◽  
P. M. Eaton ◽  
B. A. Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
Recall Methods

1. The previous paper (Eaton et al. 1984) described the nutrient intake of pregnant Asian women attending Sorrento Maternity Hospital, Birmingham using the weighed and recall methods. The present paper describes the subethnic variation in nutrient intake by comparing the results from Pakistanis, Sikhs, Hindus and Bangladeshis and also describes food eaten by the pregnant women.2. Generally. Sikhs had the highest intake of most nutrients (mean energy 7.5 MJ (1800 kcal)/d) and the greatest variety of foods; they ate chapatti and paratha but few ate meat. Hindus had a very similar diet but more ate meat, chicken and rice. Pakistanis had an energy intake about 10% below that of the Sikhs and Hindus; meat was eaten, and intake of fruit, and therefore vitamin C, was quite large. Bangladeshis were the smallest women; they had the lowest intake of energy (mean energy 6.5 MJ (1555 kcal)/d) and most nutrients, except for protein, so that 15% of energy was provided by protein. Fish, rice and a low-fat intake were other features of their diet.3. From a nutritional standpoint, peoples coming from the Asian subcontinent should be divided into subethnic groups; the collective term ‘Asian’ is insufficient.4. It is not clear whether these differences have any effect on the life and health of the individuals. Comparison of groups does not suggest an obvious relationship between dietary intake and fetal growth; however, there is other evidence to implicate the possible role of deficiencies of protein, energy, zinc and pyridoxine.5. The results provide some support for the community nutritional policies of (a) offering vitamin D supplements to all pregnant Asian women and (b) fortifying bread with calcium, thiamin and nicotinic acid. There is probably no need to offer vitamin A and C supplements but they are harmless. Indications for iron supplementation are no different from those for white English women.

Dietary Adequacy of the Rotary Diversified Diet: As a Treatment for “Environmental Illness”

2002 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer P. Taylor ◽  
Magdalena M. Krondl ◽  
Mark Spidel ◽  
Adele C. Csima
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Environmental Illness ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Regular Cycle ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
The Relationship

The rotary diversified diet, used in the management of environmental illness, consists of eliminating prohibited foods from the diet and rotating remaining non-prohibited foods and their “food families” within a regular cycle. We assessed the adequacy of nutrient intakes in 22 women prescribed the diet, described the nature of supplement use, and assessed the relationship between adherence and nutrient intake levels. Except for calcium and folacin intakes, mean nutrient intakes met or exceeded recommended levels. No subjects had calcium intakes above the adequate intake for calcium; 72.7% had folate intakes below the estimated average requirement. Intakes of other nutrients, except thiamin and magnesium, were below the estimated average requirement in less than 25% of the sample; 31.8% and 45.5% of subjects, respectively, had thiamin and magnesium intakes at this level. Those who adhered more closely to the rotary diversified diet had higher intakes of vitamin C, vitamin B6, folate, and fibre than did those who followed the diet less closely. Supplements conferred some nutritional benefits; however, supplemental niacin and magnesium intakes exceeded tolerable upper intake levels. Those prescribed the rotary diversified diet require nutrition counselling from dietitians to cope with the complexity and restrictiveness of the diet.

Increased Renal Sensitivity to Aldosterone in the Potassium-Loaded Rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 315s-317s
Author(s):  
W. R. Adam ◽  
J. W. Funder
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
High K ◽  
And Control

1. The renal response to aldosterone (urinary sodium and potassium excretion) was determined in adrenalectomized rats previously fed either a high potassium diet or a control diet. High K+ rats showed an enhanced response to aldosterone at all doses tested. 2. This enhanced response to aldosterone required the presence of the adrenal glands during the induction period, could be suppressed by a high sodium intake, but could not be induced by a low sodium diet. 3. No difference between high K+ and control rats could be detected in renal mineralocorticoid receptors, assessed by both in vivo and in vitro binding of tritiated aldosterone. 4. The method of the induction, and the mechanism of the enhanced response, remain to be defined.

Abstract 17541: An Education Intervention Focused on Self-monitoring for Symptom and Sodium Intake Improves Adherence to the Low Sodium Diet and Health Outcome in Patients with Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Kyeung Song ◽  
Debra K Moser ◽  
Seok-Min Kang ◽  
Terry A Lennie
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Background: Despite the clinical emphasis on recommending a low sodium diet (LSD), adherence to a LSD remains poor in patients with heart failure (HF). Additional research is needed to determine successful interventions to improve adherence to a LSD and health outcomes. Purpose: To determine the effect of an education intervention on adherence to a LSD and health outcomes. Method: A total of 109 HF patients (age 64±9 years, 29% female) who were non-adherent to LSD, indicating > 3g of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (24hr UNa) at baseline, were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: 1) symptom monitoring and restricted 3 gram sodium diet (SMART) group, 2) the telephone monitoring (TM) group, or 3) usual care control group. The SMART group received individualized teaching and guidance of self-monitoring for worsening symptom and sodium intake using symptom and food diary for 4 sessions over 8 weeks. Patients assigned to either of the 2 intervention groups (SMART or TM) received phone calls every 2 weeks over 8 weeks. At 6 months follow-up, adherence to a LSD was assessed using 24hr UNa. Patients were followed for 1 year to determine time to first event of hospitalization or death due to cardiac problems. Repeated measures ANOVA and Cox regression were used to determine the effect of intervention. Results: The SMART group (n=37) showed a significant reduction in sodium intake across time compared to the TM group (n=35) and control group (n=37) (p= .022). In the Cox regression, patients in the SMART group had longer cardiac event-free survival compared to the control group after controlling for age, gender, ejection fraction, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, and better blocker use (p=.008). Conclusion: An education intervention focused on self-monitoring for symptom and sodium intake improved adherence to LSD and health outcomes in patients with HF. Helping patients engage in self-monitoring for symptom and sodium intake by themselves can promote better health outcome.

Abstract P614: Relationship Of Sodium Intake And Stress With Bone Health In Women

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Jasti ◽  
Deborah L Stewart ◽  
Gregory A Harshfield
Keyword(s):  
Bone Health ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: The skeleton is vital to sodium homeostasis, accounting for 40% of the body’s sodium. Research indicates stress and low sodium intake are independently associated with RAAS activation. In certain populations, stress can induce salt sensitivity, increasing the risk of hypertension and target organ damage, but the association of low versus high sodium intake with bone health is controversial. Purpose: This study sought out the relationship of low sodium and stress-induced RAAS activation with bone health. The tested hypothesis was those with lowest sodium intake would have lower total bone mineral density (TBMD) and content (TBMC) associated with stress-induced increases in angiotensin ii (Ang II) and aldosterone (Aldo). Methods: We compared effect of stress on Ang II, Aldo, TBMD and TMBC in healthy Caucasian and African-American adolescents. Subjects were grouped by quartiles based on sodium intake, assessed by urinary sodium excretion. Results: Due to females, overall significant inverse associations are observed between TBMD, TBMC, Ang II and Aldo in the lowest sodium intake quartile. Post-stress, women in the lowest sodium intake quartile showed that increases in both Ang II and Aldo correspond with lower TMBC and TMBD. There was no significance between Ang II, Aldo, TMBC and TMBD in the three highest quartiles of women nor in any male quartile. Conclusion: These data suggest Ang II and Aldo may reduce TMBC and TMBD in women. Stress-induced increases in Ang II and Aldo, with low sodium intake, may further reduce TBMD and TBMC in women. Ang II inhibition and/or moderated salt intake may be an efficacious prevention or treatment against the development of osteoporosis.

Effect of Salt Supplementation on Sympathetic Activity and Endothelial Function in Salt-Sensitive Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1187-e1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Baqar ◽  
Yee Wen Kong ◽  
Angela X Chen ◽  
Christopher O’Callaghan ◽  
Richard J MacIsaac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Low Sodium

Abstract Context Lower sodium intake is paradoxically associated with higher mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective To determine whether sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation and endothelial dysfunction contribute to these observations, we examined the effect of salt supplementation on these systems in people with T2D with habitual low sodium. We hypothesized that salt supplementation would lower SNS activity and improve endothelial function compared to placebo. Design We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Setting The study took place in a tertiary referral diabetes outpatient clinic. Participants Twenty-two people with T2D with habitual low sodium intake (24-hour urine sodium &lt;150 mmol/24h) were included. Intervention Salt supplementation (100 mmol NaCl/24h) or placebo for 3 weeks was administered. Main outcome measures The primary outcome of SNS activity and endothelial function was assessed as follows: Microneurography assessed muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), pulse amplitude tonometry assessed endothelial function via reactive hyperemic index (RHI), and arterial stiffness was assessed via augmentation index (AI). Secondary outcomes included cardiac baroreflex, serum aldosterone, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), heart rate variability (HRV), and salt sensitivity. Results Compared to placebo, salt supplementation increased MSNA (burst frequency P = .047, burst incidence P = .016); however, RHI (P = .24), AI (P = .201), ABPM (systolic P = .09, diastolic P = .14), and HRV were unaffected. Salt supplementation improved baroreflex (slope P = .026) and lowered aldosterone (P = .004), and in salt-resistant individuals there was a trend toward improved RHI (P = .07). Conclusions In people with T2D and low habitual sodium intake, salt supplementation increased SNS activity without altering endothelial function or blood pressure but improved baroreflex function, a predictor of cardiac mortality. Salt-resistant individuals trended toward improved endothelial function with salt supplementation.

scholarly journals Sodium Sensitivity, Sodium Resistance, and Incidence of Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang He ◽  
Jian-Feng Huang ◽  
Changwei Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xiangfeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Sensitivity ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Increased Risk

Cross-sectional studies have reported that high sodium sensitivity is more common among individuals with hypertension. Experimental studies have also reported various animal models with sodium-resistant hypertension. It is unknown, however, whether sodium sensitivity and resistance precede the development of hypertension. We conducted a feeding study, including a 7-day low-sodium diet (1180 mg/day) followed by a 7-day high-sodium diet (7081 mg/day), among 1718 Chinese adults with blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mm Hg. We longitudinally followed them over an average of 7.4 years. Three BP measurements and 24-hour urinary sodium excretion were obtained on each of 3 days during baseline observation, low-sodium and high-sodium interventions, and 2 follow-up studies. Three trajectories of BP responses to dietary sodium intake were identified using latent trajectory analysis. Mean (SD) changes in systolic BP were −13.7 (5.5), −4.9 (3.0), and 2.4 (3.0) mm Hg during the low-sodium intervention and 11.2 (5.3), 4.4 (4.1), and −0.2 (4.1) mm Hg during the high-sodium intervention ( P <0.001 for group differences) in high sodium-sensitive, moderate sodium-sensitive, and sodium-resistant groups, respectively. Compared with individuals with moderate sodium sensitivity, multiple-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for incident hypertension were 1.43 (1.03–1.98) for those with high sodium sensitivity and 1.43 (1.03–1.99) for those with sodium resistance ( P =0.006 for nonlinear trend). Furthermore, a J-shaped association between systolic BP responses to sodium intake and incident hypertension was identified ( P <0.001). Similar results were observed for diastolic BP. Our study indicates that individuals with either high sodium sensitivity or sodium resistance are at an increased risk for developing hypertension.

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